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Brain Sciences
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Mapping the Invisible: Mechanisms and Markers in Cerebral Small Vessel...
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Mapping the Invisible: Mechanisms and Markers in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2026 | Viewed by 519

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Salvatore Rudilosso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Vil-larroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
2. August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: small vessel disease; imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to bring together innovative research that explores the critical and often overlooked aspects of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). As a significant contributor to stroke, cognitive decline, and neuropsychiatric disorders, CSVD presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its subtle clinical signs and variability in radiological correlates. This issue showcases advancements in neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers, and neuropathological techniques that lead to earlier detection of CSVD, enabling better monitoring of its progression and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and blood–brain barrier breakdown. By bridging basic science with clinical practice, this collection emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to uncover the often-neglected clinical significance of CSVD.

Dr. Salvatore Rudilosso
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lacunar stroke
  • small vessel disease
  • white matter disease
  • blood–brain barrier
  • white matter hyperintensities
  • perivascular spaces
  • cerebral microbleeds
  • vascular dementia

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 238 KB  
Article
Blood Glucose Levels and Stroke Severity in Patients with Acute Small Subcortical Infarct
by Stefano Mombelli, Chiara Rinaldi, Andrea Morotti, Stefano Forlivesi, Chiara Bassi, Marialuisa Zedde, Rosario Pascarella, Giuseppe Reale, Pietro Caliandro, Aurelia Zauli, Federico Mazzacane, Beatrice Del Bello, Andrea Zini and Francesco Arba
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1278; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15121278 - 28 Nov 2025
Viewed by 329
Abstract
Introduction: Hyperglycemia is a common finding in patients with acute ischemic stroke and has been associated with poor outcomes, but its relationship with stroke severity at presentation is unclear. We investigated the associations between blood glucose levels and stroke severity in patients with [...] Read more.
Introduction: Hyperglycemia is a common finding in patients with acute ischemic stroke and has been associated with poor outcomes, but its relationship with stroke severity at presentation is unclear. We investigated the associations between blood glucose levels and stroke severity in patients with acute small subcortical infarct (SSI). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of consecutive patients with acute SSI admitted to six Stroke Units. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Outcomes of interest were as follows: NIHSS ≥ 7 at admission; increasing NIHSS quartiles at discharge. Independent associations between baseline glucose levels and stroke severity at presentation and discharge were assessed with logistic and ordinal regression, adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoke exposure, and functional independence. Results: We included 792 patients: mean (±SD) age of 69.8 (±13) years, 548 (69%) males, median (IQR) NIHSS = 4(2–6). The mean blood glucose level at admission was 130 (±59) mg/dL. Patients with moderate–severe NIHSS had higher baseline blood glucose levels compared to those with lower NIHSS (148 mg/dL vs. 125 mg/dL, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, glucose levels ≥ 130 mg/dL and the highest blood glucose quartile were associated with baseline NIHSS ≥ 7 (OR = 1.61; 95%CI = 1.04–2.51; OR = 1.80; 95%CI = 1.13–2.89, respectively). Glucose levels ≥ 130 mg/dL and the highest blood glucose quartile were associated with a shift towards higher NIHSS at discharge (cOR = 1.54; 95%CI = 1.11–2.14; cOR = 1.61; 95%CI = 1.14–2.29, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with acute SSI, higher blood glucose levels are associated with greater stroke severity at both admission and discharge, suggesting a potential biological link between blood glucose and the severity of SSI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mapping the Invisible: Mechanisms and Markers in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease)
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