Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Conditions

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuromuscular and Movement Disorders".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 2894

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: Tourette Syndrome; ADHD; Autism spectrum disorder; Obsessive compulsive disorder; neurodevelopmental disorders

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple involuntary motor and vocal tics. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, its diagnosis requires the presence of two or more motor tics and at least one vocal tic, occurring at least once a day and for over one year since onset. The estimated TS prevalence is approximately 1%, with a male/female ratio of 4:1. The onset occurs typically in childhood, and in most cases, patients improve by late adolescence. In addition, 85% of children affected by TS present other comorbidities (e.g., ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, ASD, learning and sleep disorders), which could be more impairing than tics themselves.

The most frequent comorbidities, such as ADHD and OCD, were investigated in the last few years, and a large amount of information was obtained with regard to their clinical, neuropsichological, etiological, and genetic aspects, which has allowed the improvement of their treatment (pharmacological or behavioral). Less is known with regard to other comorbidities, such as ASD, sleep disorders, learning and  intellectual disabilities, enuresis, etc. With this Special Issue, we would like to focus on these comorbidies that, though less frequently, could also impare the life of a TS patient and sometimes need to be treated together with tics.

In this Special Issue, we would like to present and discuss neuropsichological findings, social impact, treatments, as well as neuroimaging and genetic issues related to these less frequent comorbidities in order to improve our knoledge on Tourette syndrome and its comorbidities.

We solicit case reports, original articles, and clinical reviews.

Dr. Mariangela Gulisano
Prof. Renata Rizzo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
  • Autism spectrum disorder
  • Sleep disorders
  • Learning disbilities
  • Enuresis

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1743 KiB  
Communication
Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Youths Affected by Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Based on Data from a Large Single Italian Clinical Cohort
by Mariangela Gulisano, Rita Barone, Maria Rita Mosa, Maria Chiara Milana, Federica Saia, Miriam Scerbo and Renata Rizzo
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(11), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110812 - 2 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are etiologically related neurodevelopmental disorders with an onset age before 18 years and a reported comorbidity of 2.9–20%. The aim of the present study was to identify the incidence of ASD in [...] Read more.
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are etiologically related neurodevelopmental disorders with an onset age before 18 years and a reported comorbidity of 2.9–20%. The aim of the present study was to identify the incidence of ASD in a large clinical sample of individuals affected by GTS and to compare our results with previously reported incidences. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data (n = 1200) from January 2010 to March 2019 obtained from the outpatient Catania Tourette Clinic, part of the Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry of the Medical and Experimental Department of Catania University. We used internationally validated evaluation tools. The neuropsychological evaluation was carried out by an expert and a certificated team of child and adolescent neurologists, supervised by two expert child neurologists (R.R. and M.G.). We investigated 975 GTS-affected individuals of various socioeconomic levels aged 5–18 years, and 8.9% (n = 87) were affected by ASD. The incidence of GTS with ASD was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in children than in adolescents. No statistically significant differences were found in the sex distribution and age of onset of tics between individuals with GTS alone and those with GTS and ASD. The incidence of GTS and ASD comorbidity in this study was high, and this has several implications in terms of treatment and prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Conditions)
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