The Retina, Visual Function and Circadian Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurodegenerative Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2025) | Viewed by 873

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, 40 Davy Street, Woodend, VIC 3442, Australia
Interests: neurology; Parkinson's disease; long-COVID; circadian; prodromal Parkinson's disease; behavioural neuroscience

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cutting edge research on the etiology, early diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) would undoubtedly require examination of the role of the visual system in this disorder. This position emerges from established findings and ongoing research covering three key areas. The first area explores structural and functional changes in the retina, and its deep brain connections, as they relate to PD. The second focuses on circadian involvement including etiological elements, dynamics of the biological clock and genetic factors. The third involves in depth examination of established PD treatments in a circadian context, novel treatments involving established approaches to circadian intervention and therapeutic circadian targets that are promising but speculative. We are soliciting papers that bring together otherwise unrelated areas of research on the fringes of a novel perspective that will foster new treatments and improve the quality of life for those suffering from a debilitating disorder. 

Dr. Gregory L. Willis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Parkinson’s disease
  • retina
  • circadian
  • dopamine
  • melatonin
  • prodromal
  • vision

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

16 pages, 1512 KB  
Article
The Effect of Intraocular Haloperidol on Motor Function in Models of Two Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Implications for the Origin and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease, Psychosis and Drug Addiction
by Gregory L. Willis
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15101062 - 29 Sep 2025
Viewed by 553
Abstract
Background: It has recently been proposed that the retina plays an important modulatory role in the control of motor function that is usually attributed exclusively to the function of the nigro-striatal dopamine (NSD) system. Indeed, it has been proposed further that Parkinson’s disease [...] Read more.
Background: It has recently been proposed that the retina plays an important modulatory role in the control of motor function that is usually attributed exclusively to the function of the nigro-striatal dopamine (NSD) system. Indeed, it has been proposed further that Parkinson’s disease (PD) begins in and progresses from the retina and may be effectively treated from there. While previous intraocular work has employed intravitreal (IVIT) administration of toxins to induce experimental PD, the first study series reported here examines the effect of IVIT haloperidol on motor performance while the second study examines the effect of IVIT haloperidol on the unilateral rotation model of PD, both in a circadian context. Methods: Motor tests included open field performance and the latency to perform three motor tests after the IVIT injection of haloperidol with and without amphetamine pretreatment. In a second study, IVIT injections of the melatonin antagonist ML-23 or L-dopa were made after unilateral lesions of the NSD in rats that were placed in a rotometer examining spontaneous ipsilateral and contralateral turning. Results: IVIT haloperidol produced robust changes in several motor parameters during the light and dark phase of the LD cycle which were enhanced by amphetamine pretreatment. In the second study, while IVIT L-dopa had only a minor effect on spontaneous rotation during the light phase, IVIT haloperidol produced a robust effect upon ipsilateral turning. The reduction in spontaneous ipsilateral turning was seen after IVIT injections into the eye ipsilateral or contralateral to the hemisphere in which NSD destruction occurred. Reduced turning was seen during both the light and dark phases of the L/D cycle. Conclusions: These results illustrate that IVIT injections of DA and melatonin receptor antagonists can differentially alter motor function via the retina. This suggests that the retina may be a treatment target not only for PD but also for other DA- and melatonin-mediated disorders such as drug addiction, psychosis and schizophrenia. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop