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Biosensors
Special Issues
Nanomaterial-Based Immunosensors and Biomimetic Sensors and Their Application to Health
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Nanomaterial-Based Immunosensors and Biomimetic Sensors and Their Application to Health

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 7686

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rosa Fireman Dutra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biomedical Engineering Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
Interests: immunosensor; nanomaterial; point-of-care test; biosensors; electroanalysis; electrochemical sensors; optical immunosensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the great challenges imposed on the diagnostic tests for human and animal health is to attend the requirements of a low detection limit, high specificity, and reliability without losing practicality. Currently, laboratory tests involving immunoanalyzers based on a biochemical reaction are considered the gold-standard method for many diseases and therapeutic follow-up diagnoses. Although immunoanalyzers are well-established and robust technologies, they demand a high consumption of reagents, include many processing steps, and are time-consuming. In the last decade, the development of nanomaterials with more controlled properties has produced biosensors for antibody and antigen detection with higher performance and a high analytical sensitivity. Due to the new different nanomaterials, point-of-care devices for health are becoming powerful tools for clinical use. Among nanomaterials, carbon allotropes that permit a greater number of immobilized biomolecules have been particularly utilized in electrochemical detections. Core-shell nanoparticles produce localized surface plasmon resonance, more stable immunosensors, and so on. This Special Issue will explore the fascinating world of nanomaterials and their contributions to advancing health diagnosis by immunosensors.

Dr. Rosa Fireman Dutra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterial
  • electrochemical
  • optical
  • immunosensor
  • point-of-care test

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 7239 KiB  
Article
ZnO-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor to Assess Vaccine-Induced Antibody-Mediated Immunity against Wild-Type and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 Strains
by Freddy A. Nunez, Ana C. H. Castro, Isabela P. Daher, Edecio Cunha-Neto, Jorge Kalil, Silvia B. Boscardin, Alexandre J. C. Lanfredi, Vivian L. de Oliveira and Wendel A. Alves
Biosensors 2023, 13(3), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030371 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2172
Abstract
The evaluation of serological responses to COVID-19 is crucial for population-level surveillance, developing new vaccines, and evaluating the efficacy of different immunization programs. Research and development of point-of-care test technologies remain essential to improving immunity assessment, especially for SARS-CoV-2 variants that partially evade [...] Read more.
The evaluation of serological responses to COVID-19 is crucial for population-level surveillance, developing new vaccines, and evaluating the efficacy of different immunization programs. Research and development of point-of-care test technologies remain essential to improving immunity assessment, especially for SARS-CoV-2 variants that partially evade vaccine-induced immune responses. In this work, an impedimetric biosensor based on the immobilization of the recombinant trimeric wild-type spike protein (S protein) on zinc oxide nanorods (ZnONRs) was employed for serological evaluation. We successfully assessed its applicability using serum samples from spike-based COVID-19 vaccines: ChAdOx1-S (Oxford–AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech). Overall, the ZnONRs/ spike-modified electrode displayed accurate results for both vaccines, showing excellent potential as a tool for assessing and monitoring seroprevalence in the population. A refined outcome of this technology was achieved when the ZnO immunosensor was functionalized with the S protein from the P.1 linage (Gamma variant). Serological responses against samples from vaccinated individuals were acquired with excellent performance. Following studies based on traditional serological tests, the ZnONRs/spike immunosensor data reveal that ChAdOx1-S vaccinated individuals present significantly less antibody-mediated immunity against the Gamma variant than the BNT162b2 vaccine, highlighting the great potential of this point-of-care technology for evaluating vaccine-induced humoral immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 strains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial-Based Immunosensors and Biomimetic Sensors and Their Application to Health)
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14 pages, 3195 KiB  
Article
Label-Free Immunosensor Based on Liquid Crystal and Gold Nanoparticles for Cardiac Troponin I Detection
by Eduardo Zapp, Daniela Brondani, Tânia Regina Silva, Edivandro Girotto, Hugo Gallardo and Iolanda Cruz Vieira
Biosensors 2022, 12(12), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121113 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1879
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The development of electrochemical biosensors for CVD markers detection, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), becomes an important diagnostic strategy. Thus, a glassy carbon [...] Read more.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The development of electrochemical biosensors for CVD markers detection, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), becomes an important diagnostic strategy. Thus, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with columnar liquid crystal (LCcol) and gold nanoparticles stabilized in polyallylamine hydrochloride (AuNPs–PAH), and the surface was employed to evaluate the interaction of the cTnI antibody (anti-cTnI) and cTnI for detection in blood plasma. Morphological and electrochemical investigations were used in the characterization and optimization of the materials used in the construction of the immunosensor. The specific interaction of cTnI with the surface of the immunosensor containing anti-cTnI was monitored indirectly using a redox probe. The formation of the immunocomplex caused the suppression of the analytical signal, which was observed due to the insulating characteristics of the protein. The cTnI–immunosensor interaction showed linear responses from 0.01 to 0.3 ng mL−1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 ng mL−1 for linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and 0.01 ng mL−1 for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), showing good diagnostic capacity for point-of-care applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial-Based Immunosensors and Biomimetic Sensors and Their Application to Health)
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Review

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26 pages, 7510 KiB  
Review
Electrochemical and Bioelectrochemical Sensing Platforms for Diagnostics of COVID-19
by Milena do Prado Ferreira, Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta and César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
Biosensors 2023, 13(3), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030336 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3158
Abstract
Rapid transmission and high mortality rates caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus showed that the best way to fight against the pandemic was through rapid, accurate diagnosis in parallel with vaccination. In this context, several research groups around the world have endeavored to develop [...] Read more.
Rapid transmission and high mortality rates caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus showed that the best way to fight against the pandemic was through rapid, accurate diagnosis in parallel with vaccination. In this context, several research groups around the world have endeavored to develop new diagnostic methods due to the disadvantages of the gold standard method, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in terms of cost and time consumption. Electrochemical and bioelectrochemical platforms have been important tools for overcoming the limitations of conventional diagnostic platforms, including accuracy, accessibility, portability, and response time. In this review, we report on several electrochemical sensors and biosensors developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection, presenting the concepts, fabrication, advantages, and disadvantages of the different approaches. The focus is devoted to highlighting the recent progress of electrochemical devices developed as next-generation field-deployable analytical tools as well as guiding future researchers in the manufacture of devices for disease diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial-Based Immunosensors and Biomimetic Sensors and Their Application to Health)
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