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Biosensors
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Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics
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Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2024) | Viewed by 17385

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. P. Ravi Selvaganapathy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering and McMaster School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
Interests: micro/nanofabrication; bioprinting; biomedical microdevices; microelectromechanical systems; microfluidics; medical and environmental sensors; smart textiles; biomaterials; artificial organs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vinay Patel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, India
Interests: biomedical devices; electrochemical sensors; chemiresistive sensors; water quality monitoring; solid-state sensors; rapid prototyping; healthcare monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging populations and infectious diseases have led to an increase in demand for point-of-care (POC) devices. Advances in microfluidics enable miniaturization and multiple biochips have been developed for the analytical detection and quantification of analytes as well as the delivery of drugs for healthcare and medical diagnostic applications.

These biochip devices use various sensing principles, including colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical or other novel approaches. They have conventionally been fabricated using lithography, a method which is expensive but precise. More recently, multiple rapid fabrication methods, such as xurography and 3D printing, have emerged to scale up the mass production of these devices. In addition, these devices are used in diverse applications including biosensing, on-chip separation, quantification of analytes from complex biofluids and drug discovery and delivery.

In this Special Issue, we invite authors to contribute papers focused on the design and development of novel biochips and biosensors for healthcare and medical diagnostics applications, addressing topics such as the rapid prototyping of these biochips and biosensors using newly emerging methods including xurography and 3D printing. We are also interested in covering newly emerging methods that

(1) Quantify medical diagnostics and healthcare-related analytes; 

(2) Propose separation devices for samples such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, exosomes and other macrostructures;

(3) Develop devices for drug discovery, including organ on-chip devices; 

(4) Address sample pre-processing, including devices specialized to handle various biofluids; 

(5) Present devices for drug delivery and in vivo implantation.

We encourage the submission of both research articles and review articles.

Prof. Dr. P. Ravi Selvaganapathy
Dr. Vinay Patel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lab-on-chip
  • biosensors
  • rapid fabrication
  • xurography
  • 3D printing
  • electrochemical biosensors
  • colorimetric biosensors
  • fluorescence biosensors
  • biochip fabrication
  • drug delivery devices
  • in vivo implants
  • separation devices
  • organ-on-chip
  • sample pre-processing
  • biofluid handling

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 6416 KiB  
Communication
Tumor Microenvironment Based on Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels for On-Chip Drug Screening
by Xiaoyan Liu, Jinxiong Cheng and Yingcan Zhao
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090429 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1609
Abstract
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culturing and nanotechnology offer promising pathways to overcome the limitations of drug screening, particularly for tumors like neuroblastoma. In this study, we develop a high-throughput microfluidic chip that integrates a concentration gradient generator (CGG) with a 3D co-culture [...] Read more.
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culturing and nanotechnology offer promising pathways to overcome the limitations of drug screening, particularly for tumors like neuroblastoma. In this study, we develop a high-throughput microfluidic chip that integrates a concentration gradient generator (CGG) with a 3D co-culture system, constructing the vascularized microenvironment in tumors by co-culturing neuroblastoma (SY5Y cell line) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) within a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels. The automated platform enhances the simulation of the tumor microenvironment and allows for the precise control of the concentrations of nanomedicines, which is crucial for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. The findings demonstrate that the high-throughput platform can significantly accelerate drug discovery. It efficiently screens and analyzes drug interactions in a biologically relevant setting, potentially revolutionizing the drug screening process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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14 pages, 4361 KiB  
Article
Implementation of Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification Based on the Super Large Thermoelectric Cooler Rapid Temperature Rise and Fall Heating Module
by Jianxin Cheng, Enjia Zhang, Rui Sun, Kaihuan Zhang, Fangzhou Zhang, Jianlong Zhao, Shilun Feng and Bo Liu
Biosensors 2024, 14(8), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080379 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
In the rapid development of molecular biology, nucleic acid amplification detection technology has received more and more attention. The traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument has poor refrigeration performance during its transition from a high temperature to a low temperature in the temperature [...] Read more.
In the rapid development of molecular biology, nucleic acid amplification detection technology has received more and more attention. The traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument has poor refrigeration performance during its transition from a high temperature to a low temperature in the temperature cycle, resulting in a longer PCR amplification cycle. Peltier element equipped with both heating and cooling functions was used, while the robust adaptive fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithm was also utilized as the fundamental temperature control mechanism. The heating and cooling functions were switched through the state machine mode, and the PCR temperature control module was designed to achieve rapid temperature change. Cycle temperature test results showed that the fuzzy PID control algorithm was used to accurately control the temperature and achieve rapid temperature rise and fall (average rising speed = 11 °C/s, average falling speed = 8 °C/s) while preventing temperature overcharging, maintaining temperature stability, and achieving ultra-fast PCR amplification processes (45 temperature cycle time < 19 min). The quantitative results show that different amounts of fluorescence signals can be observed according to the different concentrations of added viral particles, and an analytical detection limit (LoD) as low as 10 copies per μL can be achieved with no false positive in the negative control. The results show that the TEC amplification of nucleic acid has a high detection rate, sensitivity, and stability. This study intended to solve the problem where the existing thermal cycle temperature control technology finds it difficult to meet various new development requirements, such as the rapid, efficient, and miniaturization of PCR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 4265 KiB  
Article
Advancing Point-of-Care Diagnosis: Digitalizing Combinatorial Biomarker Signals for Lupus Nephritis
by Jiechang Guo, Aygun Teymur, Chenling Tang, Ramesh Saxena and Tianfu Wu
Biosensors 2024, 14(3), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14030147 - 18 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2191
Abstract
To improve the efficiency and patient coverage of the current healthcare system, user-friendly novel homecare devices are urgently needed. In this work, we developed a smartphone-based analyzing and reporting system (SBARS) for biomarker detection in lupus nephritis (LN). This system offers a cost-effective [...] Read more.
To improve the efficiency and patient coverage of the current healthcare system, user-friendly novel homecare devices are urgently needed. In this work, we developed a smartphone-based analyzing and reporting system (SBARS) for biomarker detection in lupus nephritis (LN). This system offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional, expensive large equipment in signal detection and quantification. This innovative approach involves using a portable and affordable microscopic reader to capture biomarker signals. Through smartphone-based image processing techniques, the intensity of each biomarker signal is analyzed. This system exhibited comparable performance to a commercial Genepix scanner in the detection of two potential novel biomarkers of LN, VISG4 and TNFRSF1b. Importantly, this smartphone-based analyzing and reporting system allows for discriminating LN patients with active renal disease from healthy controls with the area-under-the-curve (AUC) value = 0.9 for TNFRSF1b and 1.0 for VSIG4, respectively, indicating high predictive accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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10 pages, 3096 KiB  
Communication
The Quantitative Detection of Cystatin-C in Patient Samples Using a Colorimetric Lateral Flow Immunoassay
by Santosh Kumar Bikkarolla, Kavipriya Venkatesan, Yeddula Rebecca Revathy, Sowmya Parameswaran, Subramanian Krishnakumar and Dhananjaya Dendukuri
Biosensors 2024, 14(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14010030 - 8 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2975
Abstract
A colloidal gold-based lateral flow immunoassay was developed for the rapid quantitative detection of Cystatin-C in serum and whole blood. This device has an assay time of 15 min, making it a convenient point-of-care diagnostic tool. The device has a quantification range spanning [...] Read more.
A colloidal gold-based lateral flow immunoassay was developed for the rapid quantitative detection of Cystatin-C in serum and whole blood. This device has an assay time of 15 min, making it a convenient point-of-care diagnostic tool. The device has a quantification range spanning from 0.5 to 7.5 µg/mL, with a lower limit of detection at 0.18 µg/mL. To validate its accuracy, the test was compared to a standard nephelometric immunoassay, and the results exhibited a robust linear correlation with an adjusted r2 value of 0.95. Furthermore, the device demonstrates satisfactory levels of analytical performance in terms of precision, sensitivity, and interference, indicating its potential for precise Cystatin-C quantification, particularly in renal-failure patients. Notably, the Cystatin-C-LFA device also demonstrates satisfactory stability, as a 30-day accelerated stability study at 50 °C showed no change in the device performance, indicating a long shelf life for the product when stored at room temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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13 pages, 2931 KiB  
Article
A Facile Method for the Fabrication of the Microneedle Electrode and Its Application in the Enzymatic Determination of Glutamate
by Mahmoud Amouzadeh Tabrizi
Biosensors 2023, 13(8), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13080828 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2615
Abstract
Herein, a simple method has been used in the fabrication of a microneedle electrode (MNE). To do this, firstly, a commercial self-dissolving microneedle patch has been used to make a hard-polydimethylsiloxane-based micro-pore mold (MPM). Then, the pores of the MPM were filled with [...] Read more.
Herein, a simple method has been used in the fabrication of a microneedle electrode (MNE). To do this, firstly, a commercial self-dissolving microneedle patch has been used to make a hard-polydimethylsiloxane-based micro-pore mold (MPM). Then, the pores of the MPM were filled with the conductive platinum (Pt) paste and cured in an oven. Afterward, the MNE made of platinum (Pt-MNE) was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To prove the electrochemical applicability of the Pt-MNE, the glutamate oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the surface of the electrode, to detect glutamate, using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. The obtained results demonstrated that the fabricated biosensor could detect a glutamate concentration in the range of 10–150 µM. The limits of detection (LODs) (three standard deviations of the blank/slope) were also calculated to be 0.25 µM and 0.41 µM, using CV and CA, respectively. Furthermore, the Michaelis–Menten constant (KMapp) of the biosensor was calculated to be 296.48 µM using a CA method. The proposed biosensor was finally applied, to detect the glutamate concentration in human serum samples. The presented method for the fabrication of the mold signifies a step further toward the fabrication of a microneedle electrode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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12 pages, 2102 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid and Caffeine by Flow Injection Using Multiple-Pulse Amperometry
by Ademar Wong, Anderson M. Santos, Maria H. A. Feitosa, Orlando Fatibello-Filho, Fernando C. Moraes and Maria D. P. T. Sotomayor
Biosensors 2023, 13(7), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13070690 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1721
Abstract
The present study reports the development and application of a flow injection analysis (FIA) system for the simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA) and caffeine (CAF) using cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CPT-BDD) and multiple-pulse amperometry (MPA). The electrochemical profiles of UA and [...] Read more.
The present study reports the development and application of a flow injection analysis (FIA) system for the simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA) and caffeine (CAF) using cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CPT-BDD) and multiple-pulse amperometry (MPA). The electrochemical profiles of UA and CAF were analyzed via cyclic voltammetry in the potential range of 0.20–1.7 V using 0.10 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution as supporting electrolyte. Under optimized conditions, two oxidation peaks at potentials of 0.80 V (UA) and 1.4 V (CAF) were observed; the application of these potentials using multiple-pulse amperometry yielded concentration linear ranges of 5.0 × 10−8–2.2 × 10−5 mol L−1 (UA) and 5.0 × 10−8–1.9 × 10−5 mol L−1 (CAF) and limits of detection of 1.1 × 10−8 and 1.3 × 10−8 mol L−1 for UA and CAF, respectively. The proposed method exhibited good repeatability and stability, and no interference was detected in the electrochemical signals of UA and CAF in the presence of glucose, NaCl, KH2PO4, CaCl2, urea, Pb, Ni, and Cd. The application of the FIA-MPA method for the analysis of environmental samples resulted in recovery rates ranging between 98 and 104%. The results obtained showed that the BDD sensor exhibited a good analytical performance when applied for CAF and UA determination, especially when compared to other sensors reported in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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Review

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35 pages, 7069 KiB  
Review
Luminescence Probes in Bio-Applications: From Principle to Practice
by Tao Yan, Fan Weng, Yang Ming, Shijie Zhu, Miao Zhu, Chunsheng Wang, Changfa Guo and Kai Zhu
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070333 - 8 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
Bioanalysis based on optical imaging has gained significant progress in the last few decades. Luminescence probes are capable of detecting, monitoring, and tracing particular biomolecules in complex biological systems to figure out the roles of these molecules in organisms. Considering the rapid development [...] Read more.
Bioanalysis based on optical imaging has gained significant progress in the last few decades. Luminescence probes are capable of detecting, monitoring, and tracing particular biomolecules in complex biological systems to figure out the roles of these molecules in organisms. Considering the rapid development of luminescence probes for bio-applications and their promising future, we have attempted to explore the working principles and recent advances in bio-applications of luminescence probes, in the hope of helping readers gain a detailed understanding of luminescence probes developed in recent years. In this review, we first focus on the current widely used luminescence probes, including fluorescence probes, bioluminescence probes, chemiluminescence probes, afterglow probes, photoacoustic probes, and Cerenkov luminescence probes. The working principles for each type of luminescence probe are concisely described and the bio-application of the luminescence probes is summarized by category, including metal ions detection, secretion detection, imaging, and therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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