Mechanisms of RNA Regulation in Inflammation

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 17 July 2026 | Viewed by 942

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
Interests: Inflammation; post-transcriptional regulation; inflammatory genes; microRNA; non-coding RNA; inflammatory diseases; anti-inflammatory therapeutics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammation is a multifaceted physiological response to infections, autoimmune disorders, allergies, metabolic imbalances, and physical injuries. While it plays an essential role in immune defense and tissue repair, chronic or uncontrolled inflammation contributes to various diseases, necessitating precise regulatory mechanisms for equilibrium. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have emerged as key regulators of inflammation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. Recent research highlights the role of ncRNAs in both fostering and resolving inflammation. Their dysregulation has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases such cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, acute lung injury, diabetic retinopathy, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Given their regulatory functions, ncRNAs are promising biomarkers for early disease detection and therapeutic targets for intervention. Advances in sequencing and bioinformatics have facilitated the identification of ncRNA signatures associated with inflammatory diseases. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest developments in ncRNA research related to inflammatory diseases, with a particular emphasis on biomarker discovery and innovative therapeutic approaches. By elucidating the complex interactions between ncRNAs and inflammatory pathways, we can pave the way for more precise and effective treatments for inflammation-associated disorders.

Dr. Roopa Biswas
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammation
  • inflammatory diseases
  • non-coding RNAs
  • microRNAs (miRNAs)
  • circular RNAs
  • biomarkers
  • therapeutic targets

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 1098 KB  
Review
Circulating microRNAs and Plasma Gelsolin as Biomarkers of Sepsis: Molecular Insights and Prospects for Precision Medicine
by Mircea Stoian, Leonard Azamfirei, Sergio Rares Bandila, Adina Stoian, Dragoș-Florin Babă and Claudia Bănescu
Biomolecules 2025, 15(11), 1621; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111621 - 18 Nov 2025
Viewed by 708
Abstract
Sepsis is a major medical emergency, characterized by a dysfunctional immune response to infection, which often progresses to multiple organ failure and death. Early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation present significant challenges due to limitations in the specificity and sensitivity of traditional biomarkers. This [...] Read more.
Sepsis is a major medical emergency, characterized by a dysfunctional immune response to infection, which often progresses to multiple organ failure and death. Early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation present significant challenges due to limitations in the specificity and sensitivity of traditional biomarkers. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence on the potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-150, miR-146a, miR-223, miR-155, miR-122, and miR-4772-5p and plasma gelsolin (pGSN) as diagnostic and prognostic markers in sepsis. We discuss mechanisms involved and their potential for integration with artificial intelligence (AI) in personalized medicine. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature. Original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses focused on the diagnostic or prognostic value of circulating miRNAs or pGSN in sepsis were included; opinion papers and case reports were excluded. Altered expression of certain circulating microRNAs correlates with disease severity and mortality. Among circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-122 and miR-150 have become the most consistently validated biomarkers in clinical studies, associated with sepsis severity and death rates. Additionally, other miRNAs such as miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223 play roles in modulating immune and endothelial responses, highlighting the complex regulation of sepsis pathophysiology. Low pGSN concentrations at admission are associated with severe sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and serve as an independent predictor of mortality. Preclinical studies suggest that supplementation with exogenous pGSN could increase survival. AI algorithms show promising results for early sepsis detection and optimization of therapeutic decisions. However, combining circulating miRNAs and plasma gelsolin (pGSN) into AI-based models is still an exploratory idea that needs prospective validation, assay standardization, and multicenter studies before it can be used clinically. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of RNA Regulation in Inflammation)
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