Molecular Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 2211

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
Interests: epilepsy; neuroinflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Epileptogenesis is the process by which a normal neural network becomes hyperexcitable and capable of causing seizures of epilepsy on its own.

Numerous research studies have examined the potential involvement of neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis in recent years. In this condition, the blood–brain barrier's permeability may be compromised, and aberrant angiogenesis may result from inflammatory mediators. Thus, it is closely linked to epileptogenesis, even though the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological processes are not fully understood.

On the other hand, unregulated focal or systemic inflammatory processes cause the creation of abnormal neuronal connections and hyperexcitable neural networks, as well as an altered response to neurotransmitters, all of which contribute to epileptogenesis.

For both reasons, over the recent two decades, there has been a growing number of both clinical and basic studies providing strong support for the notion that neuroinflammation is involved in epileptogenesis.

Lastly, understanding the process of epileptogenesis may also be aided by the role of cytokines as putative pro-inflammatory mediators in the neuropathology of epilepsy. Therefore, the activation of multiple pro- and anti-epileptogenic immune pathways is indicated by the upregulation of several of these inflammatory mediators in the neocortex and hippocampal regions of epileptic patients.

Given the boiling state of research into all these neuroinflammatory mechanisms of epileptogenesis, we believe that it may be a good time to launch a Special Issue of Biomolecules aimed at encouraging groups related to these lines of research to disseminate their findings. Therefore, this is the aim of this Special Issue.

Dr. Pedro J. Serrano-Castro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • epileptogenesis
  • neuroinflammation
  • biomarkers
  • drug-resistant epilepsy
  • personalized neurology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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27 pages, 393 KiB  
Review
Psychosis of Epilepsy: An Update on Clinical Classification and Mechanism
by Zhiruo Qiu, Jiahui Guo, Bofei Chen and Jiajia Fang
Biomolecules 2025, 15(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15010056 - 3 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder that can significantly impact patients’ lives. The incidence and risk of psychosis in individuals with epilepsy are notably higher than in the general population, adversely affecting both the management and rehabilitation of epilepsy and further diminishing [...] Read more.
Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder that can significantly impact patients’ lives. The incidence and risk of psychosis in individuals with epilepsy are notably higher than in the general population, adversely affecting both the management and rehabilitation of epilepsy and further diminishing patients’ quality of life. This review provides an overview of the classification and clinical features of psychosis of epilepsy, with the aim of offering insights and references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of various types of psychosis of epilepsy. Additionally, we examine the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the psychosis of epilepsy from three perspectives: neuroimaging, neurobiology, and genetics. The alterations in brain structure and function, neurotransmitters, neuroinflammatory mediators, and genetic factors discussed in this review may offer insights into the onset and progression of psychotic symptoms in epilepsy patients and are anticipated to inform the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis)
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15 pages, 1050 KiB  
Systematic Review
Etiologies of Multidrug-Resistant Epilepsy in Latin America: A Comprehensive Review of Structural, Genetic, Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Infectious Origins: A Systematic Review
by Mario S. Hinojosa-Figueroa, Mishell Cruz-Caraguay, Alejandro Torres Pasquel, Vanesa Puga Rosero, Camila Belen Eguiguren Chavez, Jose A. Rodas and Jose E. Leon-Rojas
Biomolecules 2025, 15(4), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15040576 - 12 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder that affects millions worldwide, with a significant portion of individuals experiencing drug-resistant forms of the condition. In Latin America, the challenge of identifying the underlying causes of multidrug-resistant epilepsy (MDRE) is particularly pressing. (1) Background: This systematic [...] Read more.
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder that affects millions worldwide, with a significant portion of individuals experiencing drug-resistant forms of the condition. In Latin America, the challenge of identifying the underlying causes of multidrug-resistant epilepsy (MDRE) is particularly pressing. (1) Background: This systematic review aims to highlight the critical importance of understanding the etiology of MDRE in Latin America. (2) Methods: A systematic review of Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted following the PRISMA methodology; articles were selected if they included information on the etiology of MDRE in Latin-American participants, and the NHLBI tool was used to assess bias. (3) Results: A total of 37 published articles were finally included in the review. The most frequently documented cause of drug-resistant epilepsy was structural, affecting 725 patients, with hippocampal atrophy and sclerosis predominantly involving both the right and left lobes. The second most common cause was genetic, identified in 362 individuals who exhibited polymorphisms in genes such as ABCB1, CYP2C9, SCN1A, SLC6A4, and MDR-1, among others. The third most frequent cause was metabolic, and the fourth was inflammatory, affecting 258 individuals, which was associated with various inflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, CD8+, CD-25, and HLA-DR. Finally, infectious causes were also reported. (4) Conclusions: Structural causes are the leading etiology of MDRE in Latin America, followed by genetic, metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious origins. The regional pattern contrasts with findings from Europe and Asia, highlighting the influence of socioeconomic, environmental, and population-specific genetic factors. Our findings underscore the urgent need for regionally tailored research and interventions, particularly in understudied areas such as infectious causes and neuroinflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis)
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