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Biomolecules
Special Issues
Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II
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Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 8285

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ori D. Rotstein

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
Interests: biomarkers; vascular disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mohammad Qadura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
Interests: vascular surgery; peripheral arterial disease; biomarkers; prognostication; abdominal aortic aneurysm; thrombosis; atherosclerosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Muzammil Syed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
Interests: biomarkers; vascular disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following a very successful first run, we are pleased to announce the launch of a second edition of the Special Issue on Biomarkers for Vascular Disease.

Biomarkers are an integral part of clinical practice, with utility in diagnosing, monitoring, or predicting different diseases. While biomarkers have been extensively researched for many different medical conditions, vascular diseases such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and carotid artery stenosis (CAS) remain an exception as researchers are yet to discover and commercialize clinically validated and robust biomarkers for these diseases. Due to the prevalent medical mismanagement of vascular patients, physicians and clinical guidelines have repeatedly called for research into disease-specific biomarkers as they have the potential to significantly augment the care and quality of life of patients with vascular diseases.

As such, the focus of this Special Issue will be on recent advances regarding different potential biomarkers of different vascular diseases. Discovery and validation studies investigating biomarkers of exposure (i.e., for prediction purposes) or biomarkers of disease (i.e., for diagnostic purposes) will be considered. Interested authors are also encouraged and welcome to submit original research or review articles. Finally, a broad overview of the most promising vascular-disease-specific candidate biomarkers that are able to overcome the clinical challenges associated with PAD will be highlighted.

Prof. Dr. Ori D. Rotstein
Dr. Mohammad Qadura
Dr. Muzammil Syed
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • peripheral arterial disease
  • abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • carotid artery stenosis
  • biomarkers

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 202 KiB  
Editorial
Increasing Awareness for Peripheral Artery Disease through the Identification of Novel Biomarkers
by Ben Li, Muzammil H. Syed and Mohammad Qadura
Biomolecules 2023, 13(8), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13081189 - 30 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a chronic atherosclerotic disorder that involves the lower extremity arteries, manifesting in claudication, rest pain, and tissue loss [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II)

Research

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16 pages, 1253 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Plasma E-Selectin Concentration as a Risk Marker for Atherosclerotic Vascular Damage in Patients with Early CAD
by Monika Rac, Michal Rac, Andrzej Krzystolik, Krzysztof Safranow, Dariusz Chlubek and Violetta Dziedziejko
Biomolecules 2025, 15(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15010022 - 27 Dec 2024
Viewed by 917
Abstract
Background: Inflammation markers in the blood may indicate a higher risk of unstable atherosclerosis. Selectins, a group of transmembrane glycoproteins, contribute to inflammation by helping certain blood cells bind to the endothelium. Methods: The study included 100 patients with stable early-onset coronary artery [...] Read more.
Background: Inflammation markers in the blood may indicate a higher risk of unstable atherosclerosis. Selectins, a group of transmembrane glycoproteins, contribute to inflammation by helping certain blood cells bind to the endothelium. Methods: The study included 100 patients with stable early-onset coronary artery disease (CAD), 75 men (aged 50–54) and 25 women (aged 55–64). Tests performed included biochemical analysis, ultrasound, and Doppler imaging of arteries and peripheral vessels. A biochemical control group of 50 cases without CAD (74% men, average age 48 ± 3.20 years) was also studied. Results: Higher triglyceride levels were strongly linked to elevated plasma E-selectin levels. However, no significant relationship was found between plasma E-selectin levels and biochemical, clinical, radiographic, or echographic measures. Conclusion: Plasma E-selectin levels are not a reliable marker for detecting atherosclerotic plaques or related problems in individuals with stable, well-managed CAD. While E-selectin levels can be measured in clinical labs using immunoassays, they cannot replace standard cardiological and vascular imaging tests for diagnosing cardiac or vascular conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II)
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13 pages, 2301 KiB  
Article
D-Dimers and MPO Are No Suitable Biomarkers for Application in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Surveillance in a Real-World Setting of Vascular Surgery Patients
by Hans Siegrist, Anja Spieler, Andreas S. Peters, Karola H. Passek, Dittmar Böckler and Susanne Dihlmann
Biomolecules 2024, 14(12), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14121525 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 858
Abstract
There is currently no clinically valid biomarker for predicting the growth and prognosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The most promising candidates with the highest diagnostic values are plasma D-dimers and markers of activated neutrophils, i.e., myeloperoxidase (MPO) or cell-free DNA. So far, [...] Read more.
There is currently no clinically valid biomarker for predicting the growth and prognosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The most promising candidates with the highest diagnostic values are plasma D-dimers and markers of activated neutrophils, i.e., myeloperoxidase (MPO) or cell-free DNA. So far, case-control studies on these markers have been performed almost exclusively using healthy individuals as controls. To validate the value of these markers in the clinical setting of a vascular surgery department, we analysed the diagnostic and prognostic potential of plasma D-dimers and MPO in 177 AAA patients versus 138 non-AAA patients with different vascular diseases. Significantly elevated levels of D-dimers were recorded for AAA patients compared with non-AAA patients, although the difference between the two groups was significantly smaller than that in other studies comparing AAA patients with healthy controls. Surprisingly, MPO levels were significantly higher in non-AAA patients than in those with AAA. After adjusting for the confounding factors of sex, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and internal carotid stenosis in multivariate regression models, neither D-dimers nor MPO remained independent correlates of AAA. In contrast, D-dimer plasma levels correlated well with the maximal aortic diameter. Combined analysis of D-dimers and circulating cell-free DNA levels derived from a previous study failed to improve the predictive values for the maximal aortic diameter. In conclusion, our data show that D-dimers and MPO are not suitable biomarkers for monitoring AAA in a real-world setting of mixed vascular surgery patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II)
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13 pages, 730 KiB  
Article
Novel Biomarkers and Imaging Indices for the “Vulnerable Patient” with Carotid Stenosis: A Single-Center Study
by Nikolaos Kadoglou, Konstantinos G. Moulakakis, George Mantas, Aris Spathis, Evangelia Gkougkoudi, Spyridon N. Mylonas, John Kakisis and Christos Liapis
Biomolecules 2023, 13(9), 1427; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13091427 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1716
Abstract
Background: We investigated the relationship of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and Gray-Scale Median (GSM) score with the severity and vulnerability of carotid atherosclerosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow-up of carotid artery revascularization. Methods: We enrolled 262 patients [...] Read more.
Background: We investigated the relationship of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and Gray-Scale Median (GSM) score with the severity and vulnerability of carotid atherosclerosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow-up of carotid artery revascularization. Methods: We enrolled 262 patients undergoing carotid revascularization therapy (GRT), 109 asymptomatic patients with low-grade carotid stenosis (40–70%) receiving conservative treatment (GCT), and 92 age- and sex-matched control subjects without carotid atherosclerosis (GCO). All participants underwent carotid ultrasound and we assessed at baseline clinical parameters, metabolic profile, CAVI, GSM, and circulating levels of hsCRP, MMP-3,-7,-9, and TIMP-1. Results: Both GRT and GCT presented with elevated CAVI, MMPs, and TIMP-1 levels compared to GCO (p < 0.001). The escalation highly correlated to the presence of symptoms or paralleled the degree of carotid stenosis (p < 0.001). During follow-up (mean duration: 55 months), 51 GRT patients experienced MACE unrelated to the revascularization procedure. Within GRT, diabetes (HR: 2.07; CI: 1.55–2.78, p < 0.001), smoking (HR: 1.67; CI: 1.35–1.95, p < 0.001), high CAVI (HR: 1.22; CI: 1.09–1.43, p = 0.023) and MMP-9 (HR: 1.44; CI: 1.29–2.15, p = 0.005), and low GSM (HR: 1.40; CI: 1.16–2.12, p = 0.002) independently predicted MACE occurrences, despite the optimum medical therapy. Conclusions: Novel imaging and biochemical biomarkers were positively associated with atherosclerosis severity, while CAVI, MMP-9, and low GSM showed a positive, independent relationship with MACE after carotid revascularization, describing “vulnerable patients”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II)
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Other

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18 pages, 724 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review of Interleukins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Peripheral Artery Disease
by Niousha Djahanpour, Naiyara Ahsan, Ben Li, Hamzah Khan, Kim Connelly, Howard Leong-Poi and Mohammad Qadura
Biomolecules 2023, 13(11), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111640 - 12 Nov 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2238
Abstract
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) involves atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries and is a major contributor to limb loss and death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that interleukins (ILs) play an important role in the development and progression of PAD; however, a [...] Read more.
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) involves atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries and is a major contributor to limb loss and death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that interleukins (ILs) play an important role in the development and progression of PAD; however, a comprehensive literature review has not been performed. Methods: A systematic review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE was searched from inception to 5 December 2022, and all studies assessing the association between ILs and PAD were included. Results: We included 17 studies from a pool of 771 unique articles. Five pro-inflammatory ILs (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8) and one pro-atherogenic IL (IL-12) were positively correlated with PAD diagnosis and progression. In contrast, two anti-inflammatory ILs (IL-4 and IL-10) were protective against PAD diagnosis and adverse limb events. Specifically, IL-6 and IL-8 were the most strongly associated with PAD and can act as potential disease biomarkers to support the identification and treatment of PAD. Conclusions: Ongoing work to identify and validate diagnostic/prognostic inflammatory biomarkers for PAD has the potential to assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients for further evaluation and management which could reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular and limb events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Vascular Disease II)
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