Role of Probiotics in Health and Disease

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 4992

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. ProBioLab, Namur, Belgium
2. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Interests: physical chemistry of biological and food systems; prebiotic, probiotic and postbiotic characterization and applications; synergy and interaction research; biobased compounds; colloid and interfacial sciences; formulation; nutraceuticals; One Health approaches; nanoparticles
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Probiotics have emerged as a subject of considerable interest owing to their potential positive impacts on human health. When appropriately utilized, these living microorganisms demonstrate efficacy in preventing, alleviating, or treating various health conditions and diseases, including acute diarrhea, antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side effects, lactose intolerance, and allergy manifestations. While the beneficial effects of probiotics are often attributed to their role in restoring gut balance and microbial diversity, improving the gut barrier, producing metabolites that aid digestion and nutrient absorption, and enhancing the immune system response, the comprehensive understanding of their direct and indirect contributions in preventing cancers, viral infections, aging, antimicrobial resistance, etc., requires further broadening. This Special Issue is dedicated to gathering original articles that investigate the intricate role of probiotics of all generations in human health and disease. The selection of high-quality contributions of this Special Issue aims to expand the body of knowledge surrounding probiotics. By elucidating their functionalities, the publications offer valuable insights for healthcare practitioners, facilitating the tailoring of probiotic interventions for improved health outcomes. Furthermore, the presented findings may pave the way for the development of targeted probiotic formulations, offering preventive or therapeutic strategies for a diverse range of health conditions. 

Dr. Hary Razafindralambo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • human well-being
  • digestive health
  • immune system response
  • prevention
  • treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1784 KiB  
Article
Biomarkers of Frailty in Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease Undergoing a Multifactorial Intervention Consisting of Home Exercise, Branched-Chain Amino Acids, and Probiotics
by Luca Laghi, Maria Àngels Ortiz, Giacomo Rossi, Eva Román, Carlo Mengucci, Elisabet Cantó, Lucia Biagini, Elisabet Sánchez, Maria Mulet, Álvaro García-Osuna, Eulàlia Urgell, Naujot Kaur, Maria Poca, Josep Padrós, Maria Josep Nadal, Berta Cuyàs, Edilmar Alvarado, Silvia Vidal, Elena Juanes, Andreu Ferrero-Gregori, Àngels Escorsell and German Sorianoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Biomolecules 2024, 14(11), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14111410 - 6 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Frailty in cirrhosis or advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) is a relevant prognostic factor. In the present study, we aimed to analyze potential biomarkers associated with frailty and its improvement in patients with ACLD. We analyzed the serum of outpatients with ACLD who [...] Read more.
Frailty in cirrhosis or advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) is a relevant prognostic factor. In the present study, we aimed to analyze potential biomarkers associated with frailty and its improvement in patients with ACLD. We analyzed the serum of outpatients with ACLD who participated in a previous study (Román, Hepatol Commun 2024) in which frailty was assessed using the liver frailty index (LFI), and patients who were frail or prefrail were randomized to a multifactorial intervention (home exercise, branched-chain amino acids, and probiotics) or control for 12 months. We determined a biomarker battery of inflammation, bacterial translocation, and liver damage in blood and urine and blood metabolomics by 1H-NMR. Thirty-seven patients were included. According to the LFI, 32 patients were frail or prefrail, and 5 were robust. At baseline, LFI correlated with LBP, sCD163, mtDNA, FGF-21, urinary NGAL, urinary claudin-3, and the metabolites mannose, ethanol, and isoleucine. During the study, patients in the intervention group showed an improvement in LFI and a decrease in CRP, LBP, sCD163, and ccK18 compared to the control group. Metabolomics showed a decrease in dimethyl sulfone and creatinine and an increase in malonate, ornithine, isoleucine, and valine in the intervention group. We conclude that frailty in patients with ACLD is associated with biomarkers of systemic inflammation, bacterial translocation, and liver damage, and alterations of amino acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Probiotics in Health and Disease)
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13 pages, 7119 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of the Probiotic L. brevis in Counteracting the Demineralizing Process of the Tooth Enamel Surface: Results from an In Vitro Study
by Serena Altamura, Francesca Rosaria Augello, Eleonora Ortu, Davide Pietropaoli, Benedetta Cinque, Mario Giannoni and Francesca Lombardi
Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050605 - 20 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Background. Enamel plays an essential role in protecting the underlying layers of the human tooth; therefore, preserving it is vital. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the potential ability of L. brevis to counteract the action of a demineralizing agent on dental enamel [...] Read more.
Background. Enamel plays an essential role in protecting the underlying layers of the human tooth; therefore, preserving it is vital. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the potential ability of L. brevis to counteract the action of a demineralizing agent on dental enamel morphology and mineral composition in vitro. Methods. The sample consisted of 12 healthy human posterior teeth. The coronal portion of each tooth was subdivided into two equal parts longitudinally. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups: artificial saliva, L. brevis suspension, demineralizing agent (DA), and DA plus L. brevis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate the surface micromorphology and the mineral content, respectively. The statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results. SEM analysis did not highlight significant changes in the enamel microstructure of L. brevis-treated specimens compared to the control. DA-induced damage to the enamel structure was drastically reduced when the specimens were contextually exposed to the probiotic. The treatment with DA substantially reduced the weight % of crucial enamel minerals, i.e., Ca and P. Notably, the probiotic was able to reverse the demineralization process, bringing Ca and P weight % back to basal levels, including the Ca/P ratio. Conclusions. The findings indicate that L. brevis is able to efficiently protect the dental enamel surface from the damage caused by DA and increase the enamel resistance to demineralization. Overall, L. brevis confirms its efficacy in preventing or counteracting the action of carious lesions through a novel mechanism that protects the tooth surface under a chemical challenge that mimics the caries process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Probiotics in Health and Disease)
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