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Biomolecules
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Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 1731

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Istvan Lekli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: cardioprotection; ischemia–reperfusion; heme oxygenase-1; autophagy; natural antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alexandra Gyongyosi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: cardioprotection; ischemia–reperfusion; heme oxygenase-1; autophagy; natural antioxidants
Dr. Istvan Bak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: cardioprotection; ischemia–reperfusion; heme oxygenase-1; autophagy; natural antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

 Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for millions of deaths annually. Understanding these diseases’ pathophysiology is essential to develop new pharmacological treatments that reduce mortality and improve the quality of life. Pharmacological research allows for the discovery of new drugs or the improvement of existing therapies. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of CVDs, including ischemia–reperfusion or heart failure. Modulating the redox balance could alter the stress response of the myocardium, including autophagy. The latter is generally protective in the cardiovascular system, helping to remove damaged proteins and organelles, such as dysfunctional mitochondria, which can contribute to heart failure, atherosclerosis, and other CVDs. However, in some cases, excessive or dysregulated autophagy can lead to cell death, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. For instance, in conditions like ischemia–reperfusion injury, overactive autophagy can exacerbate cardiac damage. The pharmacological modulation of redox balance and/or autophagy may help combat CVDs.

In this Special Issue, original research articles, clinical studies, and reviews are welcome on recent advancements in drug therapy related to cardiovascular pharmacology, giving special attention to redox balance and autophagy. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Istvan Lekli
Dr. Alexandra Gyongyosi
Dr. Istvan Bak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardioprotection autophagy
  • redox balance
  • heart faliure
  • cardiovascular pharmacotherapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

14 pages, 1281 KiB  
Review
Salivary-Gland-Mediated Nitrate Recirculation as a Modulator for Cardiovascular Diseases
by Baoxing Pang, Xingyun Qi and Huiliang Zhang
Biomolecules 2025, 15(3), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15030439 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 345
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include multiple disorders of the heart and blood vessels, are the leading causes of death. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that regulates vascular tension. Endogenous NO is produced via the L-arginine–nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. In conditions of [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include multiple disorders of the heart and blood vessels, are the leading causes of death. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that regulates vascular tension. Endogenous NO is produced via the L-arginine–nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. In conditions of cardiovascular dysfunction, NOS activity is impaired, leading to NO deficiency. In turn, the reduction in NO bioactivity exacerbates the pathogenesis of CVDs. Exogenous intake of inorganic nitrate supplements endogenous production via the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway to maintain the NO supply. Salivary glands play an essential role in the conversion of nitrate to NO, with approximately 25% of circulating nitrate being absorbed and secreted into saliva. As a result, salivary nitrate concentrations can exceed that in the blood by more than tenfold. This recycled nitrate in saliva serves as a reservoir for NO and performs NO-like functions when endogenous NO production is insufficient. In this review, we summarize the emerging benefits of dietary nitrate in CVDs, with a particular focus on salivary-gland-mediated nitrate recirculation in maintaining NO bioavailability and cardiovascular homeostasis. Salivary-gland-mediated nitrate recirculation provides a novel perspective for potential intervention of CVDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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27 pages, 2239 KiB  
Review
Cardiovascular–Endocrine–Metabolic Medicine: Proposing a New Clinical Sub-Specialty Amid the Cardiometabolic Pandemic
by Nikolaos Theodorakis, Maria Nikolaou and Andrew Krentz
Biomolecules 2025, 15(3), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15030373 - 5 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1083
Abstract
Cardiovascular–Renal–Hepatic–Metabolic diseases are on the rise worldwide, creating major challenges for patient care and clinical research. Although these conditions share common mechanisms and often respond to similar treatments—such as lifestyle changes and newer cardiometabolic drugs (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists)—clinical management remains [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular–Renal–Hepatic–Metabolic diseases are on the rise worldwide, creating major challenges for patient care and clinical research. Although these conditions share common mechanisms and often respond to similar treatments—such as lifestyle changes and newer cardiometabolic drugs (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists)—clinical management remains divided among multiple specialties. Recently proposed curricula in Cardiometabolic Medicine and Preventive Cardiology reflect an effort to address this fragmentation. In addition, recent studies reveal that hormonal deficiencies may increase cardiovascular risk and worsen heart failure, with emerging data showing that correcting these imbalances can improve exercise capacity and possibly reduce major cardiac events. To overcome gaps in care, we propose a new sub-specialty: Cardiovascular–Endocrine–Metabolic Medicine. This approach unifies three main pillars: (1) Lifestyle medicine, emphasizing nutrition, physical activity, and smoking cessation; (2) the Integrated Medical Management of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, early-stage kidney disease, metabolic-associated liver disease, and related conditions; and (3) hormonal therapies, focused on optimizing sex hormones and other endocrine pathways to benefit cardiometabolic health. By bridging cardiology, endocrinology, and metabolic medicine, this sub-specialty offers a more seamless framework for patient care, speeds up the adoption of new treatments, and sets the stage for innovative research—all critical steps in addressing the escalating cardiometabolic pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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