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Biomedicines
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Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: 2nd Edition
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Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 4629

Editor

Dr. Kyeong-Hyeon Park

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Guest Editor
Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
Interests: bone regeneration; bone defect; induced membrane technique; bone transport; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Trauma and infections often result in bone defects, necessitating effective strategies for bone regeneration. This Special Issue explores the latest advancements in biomaterials for bone regeneration. With a focus on innovative techniques and materials, we aim to uncover novel solutions to address bone defects by utilizing the induced membrane technique, bone transport, and biomaterials.

In this Special Issue, authors will have the opportunity to share:

  1. The latest research and insights regarding emerging biomaterials in bone regeneration.
  2. Treatment strategies for managing bone defects, including induced membrane techniques, distraction osteogenesis, and novel implants.

Researchers, clinicians, and experts are invited to submit original research, comprehensive reviews, and case studies relevant to biomaterials for bone regeneration. We look forward to receiving expert submissions to improve bone regeneration and treat bone defects.

Dr. Kyeong-Hyeon Park
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone regeneration
  • bone defect
  • induced membrane technique
  • bone transport
  • biomaterials

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 885 KB  
Article
The Impact of Mixing Techniques on PMMA Bone Cement Subjected to Two Different Cooling Techniques: A Pilot Study of Thermal Management Strategies in Orthopedic Applications
by Gergo Tamas Szoradi, Andrei Marian Feier, Octav Marius Russu, Sandor Gyorgy Zuh and Tudor Sorin Pop
Biomedicines 2025, 13(12), 3071; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13123071 - 12 Dec 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1178
Abstract
Objectives: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is vital for prosthetic fixation in orthopedic surgery, yet its exothermic polymerization can exceed 80 °C, surpassing the 50 °C threshold for thermal osteonecrosis, risking implant failure. This pilot study assesses two cooling strategies—precooling cement components and [...] Read more.
Objectives: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is vital for prosthetic fixation in orthopedic surgery, yet its exothermic polymerization can exceed 80 °C, surpassing the 50 °C threshold for thermal osteonecrosis, risking implant failure. This pilot study assesses two cooling strategies—precooling cement components and saline irrigation on the polymerization temperature and compressive strength of antibiotic-loaded PMMA, comparing hand mixing (HM) and vacuum mixing (VM) to optimize thermal management while preserving mechanical integrity in controlled settings relevant to orthopedic applications. Methods: Antibiotic-loaded Simplex bone cement (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) was prepared using HM and VM, per ISO 5833. Each batch was divided into three groups: control, precooled (components at 6 °C overnight), and saline irrigation (8 °C saline during setting). Each group included 20 cylindrical samples (1.5 cm × 3 cm), cured for 24 h. Core temperatures were monitored with embedded thermometers, and compressive strength was measured in megapascals (MPa) using a hydraulic press (C092-06, MATEST). Welch’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: HM controls reached 76.2 °C, precooled 63.6 °C, and saline 66 °C; VM controls hit 71.8 °C, precooled 58.8 °C, and saline 63.6 °C. HM strengths were 16–17 MPa, with precooling reducing to 16.49 MPa (p = 0.051) and saline maintaining 17.07 MPa (p = 0.820). VM strengths were 76–80 MPa, with precooling at 78.45 MPa (p < 0.001) and saline at 76.77 MPa (p = 0.010). Failure modes varied: controls (uniform cracking), precooled (shear failure), and saline (mixed cracking/crumbling). Conclusions: Precooling significantly lowers temperatures but compromises strength in HM samples, limiting its use in load-bearing applications. Saline irrigation offers moderate thermal control while preserving mechanics, particularly in HM, suggesting a viable strategy for reducing thermal necrosis risk. VM ensures superior strength, supporting safe cooling application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 1527 KB  
Article
Supplementation with a Salmon Bone Complex (CalGo®) Preserves Femoral Neck BMD and Attenuates Lumbar Spine Loss: A 24-Month Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Christian Bjerknes, Anne Rørvik Standal, Crawford Currie, Bomi Framroze, Tor Åge Myklebust, Tommy Frøseth Aae and Erland Hermansen
Biomedicines 2025, 13(11), 2616; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13112616 - 25 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1835
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Osteopenia is common in postmenopausal women and predisposes to osteoporosis and fracture, representing a population at risk of bone loss but without indication for pharmacologic therapy. Conventional calcium salts offer modest, often transient gains in bone mineral density (BMD). We evaluated [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Osteopenia is common in postmenopausal women and predisposes to osteoporosis and fracture, representing a population at risk of bone loss but without indication for pharmacologic therapy. Conventional calcium salts offer modest, often transient gains in bone mineral density (BMD). We evaluated whether CalGo®, a salmon bone complex containing microcrystalline hydroxyapatite within a collagen-rich matrix, preserves BMD versus placebo in post-menopausal women with osteopenia. Methods: In a 24-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 women (50–80 years) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-confirmed femoral-neck osteopenia were assigned to CalGo® (2 g/day) or placebo. The prespecified primary endpoint was 24-month change in femoral-neck BMD (g/cm2) analyzed by linear regression (unadjusted and baseline-adjusted). Secondary endpoints included lumbar spine and distal radius BMD, serum P1NP and β-CTX-I, health-related quality of life, and safety. Results: The primary analysis included participants with 24-month DXA (CalGo® n = 29; placebo n = 30). Femoral-neck BMD was maintained with CalGo® (+0.003 g/cm2; +0.4%) but declined with placebo (−0.017 g/cm2; −2.4%), yielding a significant baseline-adjusted between-group difference of +0.019 g/cm2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.001–0.038; p = 0.044). Lumbar-spine loss was attenuated with CalGo® (−0.005 g/cm2; −0.3%) versus placebo (−0.028 g/cm2; −3.4%); the adjusted difference favored CalGo® (+0.026 g/cm2; p = 0.058). In exploratory responder analysis, ≥1% lumbar-spine gain was more likely with CalGo® (32.5% vs. 11.4%; OR 3.61; p = 0.043). No treatment effects were observed at the distal radius, in P1NP or β-CTX-I, or in EQ-5D-3L/EQ-VAS. CalGo® was well tolerated with no hepatic or renal safety signals. Conclusions: CalGo® maintained femoral-neck bone mineral density and reduced lumbar-spine loss over 24 months in osteopenic women, with good tolerability. These findings support its potential role as a nutritional approach for maintaining bone health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 31836 KB  
Article
Electrospun Polycaprolactone Membranes Loaded with Gentamicin and Nano-Hidroxyapatite for Guided Bone Regeneration
by Ioana-Codruta Mirica, Gabriel Furtos, Véronique Fontaine, Mihaela Vlassa, Petru Pascuta, Ioan Petean, Bogdan Bâldea, Otilia Andercou and Ondine Patricia Lucaciu
Biomedicines 2025, 13(10), 2349; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13102349 - 25 Sep 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1100
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Polymeric barrier membranes (BMs) are usually used in guided bone regeneration to isolate the bone defect from the surrounding tissue, favoring bone apposition. This study proposes a third-generation BM made of polycaprolactone (PCL), loaded with different concentrations of nano-hidroxyapatite (nHAP) and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Polymeric barrier membranes (BMs) are usually used in guided bone regeneration to isolate the bone defect from the surrounding tissue, favoring bone apposition. This study proposes a third-generation BM made of polycaprolactone (PCL), loaded with different concentrations of nano-hidroxyapatite (nHAP) and gentamicin (GEN), and fabricated by electrospinning. Methods: The mechanical properties of the polymer, together with the fabrication procedure, offer porosity with interconnectivity to permit cell adhesion and proliferation. Bacterial contamination of the BM can induce infection at the bone level, leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes of the regeneration procedure. Results: Therefore, BMs have been proposed as carriers for local GEN antibiotic therapy, demonstrating antibacterial properties against S. aureus, S. mutans, and P. aeruginosa, depending on the drug concentration, while being negligibly affected by the nHAP content. X-ray diffraction, FTIR-ATR, and SEM allowed for BM structural characterization, demonstrating the presence of GEN/nHAP and establishing the fiber diameter, which influences the mechanical properties in dry and wet conditions and the drug release behaviorA BM cytotoxicity assessment, performed over 1 and 5 days, revealed that a high nHAP concentration provided protection against cytotoxicity, in contrast to GEN, and that cell proliferation and cell adhesion increased in the presence of nHAP. The BM’s bioactivity was demonstrated by mineralization after 21 days in simulated body fluid in an SEM/EDX analysis. Conclusions: The electrospun 15 wt.% nHAP and 2 wt.% GEN-loaded third-generation BM could be a promising alternative for guided bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: 2nd Edition)
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