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Biomedicines
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Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
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Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 5229

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kyeong-Hyeon Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
Interests: bone regeneration; bone defect; induced membrane technique; bone transport; biometerials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Trauma and infections often result in bone defects, necessitating effective strategies for bone regeneration. This Special Issue explores the latest advancements in biomaterials for bone regeneration. With a focus on innovative techniques and materials, we aim to uncover novel solutions to address bone defects by utilizing the induced membrane technique, bone transport, and biomaterials.

In this Special Issue, authors will have the opportunity to share:

  1. The latest research and insights regarding emerging biomaterials in bone regeneration.
  2. Treatment strategies for managing bone defects, including induced membrane techniques, distraction osteogenesis, and novel implants.

Researchers, clinicians, and experts are invited to submit original research, comprehensive reviews, and case studies relevant to biomaterials for bone regeneration. We look forward to receiving expert submissions to improve bone regeneration and treat bone defects.

Dr. Kyeong-Hyeon Park
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone regeneration
  • bone defect
  • induced membrane technique
  • bone transport
  • biomaterials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 15229 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic Coating of Poly(D,L-lactic acid)/Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Electrospun Fibers with ZnO Nanoparticles to Increase Angiogenesis in the CAM Assay
by Selina Streich, Julia Higuchi, Agnieszka Opalińska, Jacek Wojnarowicz, Pietro Giovanoli, Witold Łojkowski and Johanna Buschmann
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061155 - 23 May 2024
Viewed by 156
Abstract
Critical-size bone defects necessitate bone void fillers that should be integrated well and be easily vascularized. One viable option is to use a biocompatible synthetic polymer and sonocoat it with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). However, the ideal NP concentration and size must [...] Read more.
Critical-size bone defects necessitate bone void fillers that should be integrated well and be easily vascularized. One viable option is to use a biocompatible synthetic polymer and sonocoat it with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). However, the ideal NP concentration and size must be assessed because a high dose of ZnO NPs may be toxic. Electrospun PDLLA/PLGA scaffolds were produced with different concentrations (0.5 or 1.0 s of sonocoating) and sizes of ZnO NPs (25 nm and 70 nm). They were characterized by SEM, EDX, ICP-OES, and the water contact angle. Vascularization and integration into the surrounding tissue were assessed with the CAM assay in the living chicken embryo. SEM, EDX, and ICP-OES confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs on polymer fibers. Sonocoated ZnO NPs lowered the WCA compared with the control. Smaller NPs were more pro-angiogenic exhibiting a higher vessel density than the larger NPs. At a lower concentration, less but larger vessels were visible in an environment with a lower cell density. Hence, the favored combination of smaller ZnO NPs at a lower concentration sonocoated on PDLLA/PLGA electrospun meshes leads to an advanced state of tissue integration and vascularization, providing a valuable synthetic bone graft to be used in clinics in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration)
16 pages, 4949 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Osteogenic Potential of Zinc-Doped Magnesium Phosphate Cement (ZMPC): A Novel Material for Orthopedic Bone Defect Repair
by Yinchu Liu, Ling Yu, Jingteng Chen, Shiyu Li, Zhun Wei and Weichun Guo
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020344 - 1 Feb 2024
Viewed by 790
Abstract
In orthopedics, the repair of bone defects remains challenging. In previous research reports, magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) were widely used because of their excellent mechanical properties, which have been widely used in the field of orthopedic medicine. We built a new k-struvite (MPC) [...] Read more.
In orthopedics, the repair of bone defects remains challenging. In previous research reports, magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) were widely used because of their excellent mechanical properties, which have been widely used in the field of orthopedic medicine. We built a new k-struvite (MPC) cement obtained from zinc oxide (ZnO) and assessed its osteogenic properties. Zinc-doped magnesium phosphate cement (ZMPC) is a novel material with good biocompatibility and degradability. This article summarizes the preparation method, physicochemical properties, and biological properties of ZMPC through research on this material. The results show that ZMPC has the same strength and toughness (25.3 ± 1.73 MPa to 20.18 ± 2.11 MPa), that meet the requirements of bone repair. Furthermore, the material can gradually degrade (12.27% ± 1.11% in 28 days) and promote osteogenic differentiation (relative protein expression level increased 2–3 times) of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. In addition, in vivo confirmation revealed increased bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model compared with MPC alone. Therefore, ZMPC has broad application prospects and is expected to be an important repair material in the field of orthopedic medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration)
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15 pages, 37422 KiB  
Article
A Bioactive Gelatin-Methacrylate Incorporating Magnesium Phosphate Cement for Bone Regeneration
by Xiping Zhang, Changtian Gong, Xingyu Wang, Zhun Wei and Weichun Guo
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010228 - 19 Jan 2024
Viewed by 891
Abstract
Maintaining proper mechanical strength and tissue volume is important for bone growth at the site of a bone defect. In this study, potassium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate (KMgPO4·6H2O, MPC) was applied to gelma-methacrylate hydrogel (GelMA) to prepare GelMA/MPC composites (GMPCs). [...] Read more.
Maintaining proper mechanical strength and tissue volume is important for bone growth at the site of a bone defect. In this study, potassium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate (KMgPO4·6H2O, MPC) was applied to gelma-methacrylate hydrogel (GelMA) to prepare GelMA/MPC composites (GMPCs). Among these, 5 GMPC showed the best performance in vivo and in vitro. These combinations significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of GelMA and regulated the degradation and absorption rate of MPC. Considerably better mechanical properties were noted in 5 GMPC compared with other concentrations. Better bioactivity and osteogenic ability were also found in 5 GMPC. Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are bioactive and proven to promote bone tissue regeneration, in which the enhancement efficiency is closely related to Mg2+ concentrations. These findings indicated that GMPCs that can release Mg2+ are effective in the treatment of bone defects and hold promise for future in vivo applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration)
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21 pages, 20011 KiB  
Article
Functionalized Magnesium Phosphate Cement Induces In Situ Vascularized Bone Regeneration via Surface Lyophilization of Chondroitin Sulfate
by Changtian Gong, Jian Yang, Xiping Zhang, Zhun Wei, Xingyu Wang, Xinghan Huang, Ling Yu and Weichun Guo
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010074 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 873
Abstract
Bone defect repair poses significant challenges in orthopedics, thereby increasing the demand for bone substitutes. Magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) are widely used for bone defect repair because of their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, high crystallinity and uncontrolled magnesium ion (Mg2+ [...] Read more.
Bone defect repair poses significant challenges in orthopedics, thereby increasing the demand for bone substitutes. Magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) are widely used for bone defect repair because of their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, high crystallinity and uncontrolled magnesium ion (Mg2+) release limit the surface bioactivity of MPCs in bone regeneration. Here, we fabricate chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a surface coating via the lyophilization method, namely CMPC. We find that the CS coating is uniformly distributed and improves the mechanical properties of MPC through anionic electrostatic adsorption, while mediating degradation-related controlled ion release of Mg2+. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo analyses, we show that the CS coating maintained cytocompatibility while increasing the cell adhesion area of MC3T3-E1s. Furthermore, we display accelerated osteogenesis and angiogenesis of CMPC, which are related to appropriate ion concentration of Mg2+. Our findings reveal that the preparation of a lyophilized CS coating is an effective method to promote surface bioactivity and mediate Mg2+ concentration dependent osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which have great potential in bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration)
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25 pages, 5333 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Chondrogenesis Induction by Short Peptides of the Carboxy-Terminal Domain of Transforming Growth Factor β1
by Maria Pitou, Eleni Papachristou, Dimitrios Bratsios, Georgia-Maria Kefala, Anastasia S. Tsagkarakou, Demetrios D. Leonidas, Amalia Aggeli, Georgios E. Papadopoulos, Rigini M. Papi and Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3182; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123182 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1137
Abstract
Τransforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) comprises a key regulator protein in many cellular processes, including in vivo chondrogenesis. The treatment of human dental pulp stem cells, separately, with Leu83-Ser112 (C-terminal domain of TGF-β1), as well as two very short peptides, [...] Read more.
Τransforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) comprises a key regulator protein in many cellular processes, including in vivo chondrogenesis. The treatment of human dental pulp stem cells, separately, with Leu83-Ser112 (C-terminal domain of TGF-β1), as well as two very short peptides, namely, 90-YYVGRKPK-97 (peptide 8) and 91-YVGRKP-96 (peptide 6) remarkably enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation capacity in comparison to their full-length mature TGF-β1 counterpart either in monolayer cultures or 3D scaffolds. In 3D scaffolds, the reduction of the elastic modulus and viscous modulus verified the production of different amounts and types of ECM components. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested a mode of the peptides’ binding to the receptor complex TβRII-ALK5 and provided a possible structural explanation for their role in inducing chondrogenesis, along with endogenous TGF-β1. Further experiments clearly verified the aforementioned hypothesis, indicating the signal transduction pathway and the involvement of TβRII-ALK5 receptor complex. Real-time PCR experiments and Western blot analysis showed that peptides favor the ERK1/2 and Smad2 pathways, leading to an articular, extracellular matrix formation, while TGF-β1 also favors the Smad1/5/8 pathway which leads to the expression of the metalloproteinases ADAMTS-5 and MMP13 and, therefore, to a hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. Taken together, the two short peptides, and, mainly, peptide 8, could be delivered with a scaffold to induce in vivo chondrogenesis in damaged articular cartilage, constituting, thus, an alternative therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration)
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17 pages, 7720 KiB  
Article
Research Progress of Titanium-Based Alloys for Medical Devices
by Madalina Simona Baltatu, Petrica Vizureanu, Andrei Victor Sandu, Carmen Solcan, Luminița Diana Hritcu and Mihaela Claudia Spataru
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 2997; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112997 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1050
Abstract
Biomaterials are currently a unique class of materials that are essential to improving the standard of human life and extending it. In the assent of the appearance of biomaterials that contain non-toxic elements, in this study, we examine a system of Ti25Mo7Zr15Tax [...] Read more.
Biomaterials are currently a unique class of materials that are essential to improving the standard of human life and extending it. In the assent of the appearance of biomaterials that contain non-toxic elements, in this study, we examine a system of Ti25Mo7Zr15TaxSi (x = 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 wt.%) for future medical applications. The alloys were developed in a vacuum electric arc furnace and then studied from a structural, mechanical and in vivo assessment (on rabbits) perspective. The effect of the silicon addition was clearly seen in both the structural and the mechanical characteristics, standing out as beta alloys with a dendritic structure and lowering the mechanical properties as a result of the silicon addition. In experimental rabbits, the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells was observed in the periosteum and peri-implant area, differentiating into osteoblasts and then into osteocytes. Osteoclasts were discovered within the cartilaginous islands that provide structural support to newly formed bone, playing a primary role in bone remodeling. The newly formed spongy tissue adhered to the fibrous capsule that surrounds the alloy, ensuring good osseointegration of metallic implants. The overexpression of Osteopontin, Metalloproteinase-2 (also known as gelatinase A), and Metallopeptidase-9 (also known as gelatinase B) underscores the processes of osteogenesis, bone mineralization, and normal bone remodeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration)
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