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Biology
Special Issues
Molecular Genetics in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress
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Molecular Genetics in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 3777

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Abhishek Bohra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC) and Centre for Crop and Food Innovation (CCFI), Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
Interests: association genetics; trait discovery; prebreeding; gene mapping; phenotyping; molecular breeding
Dr. Rohit Joshi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
Interests: genes; transcripts; cloning; functional genomics; abiotic stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rajeev Varshney

grade E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC) and Centre for Crop and Food Innovation (CCFI), Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
Interests: gene; QTL; genome sequencing; functional genomics; molecular breeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abiotic stresses such as heat, drought and salinity present a great threat to global crop production and food security. Stressful conditions interfere with normal growth and development of plants. Crop yields and quality of the produce reduce significantly under exposure to abiotic stress conditions due to adjustments in plant’s molecular, physiological and biochemical processes. Climate change has increased the intensity, frequency and duration of extreme weather events in recent times. Plants have evolved acclimation mechanisms to cope with abiotic stress challenges. These acclimation mechanisms involve receiving the stress signals and then communicating these signals to the other tissues. Advances in genetic technologies in combination with the availability of multi-omics datasets and high-throughput phenotyping measurements have contributed to improving the understanding of plant abiotic stress response. Plant researchers and breeders are now equipped with the tools and knowledge that enable them to tailor plant responses to future climate requirements. In this Special Issue, we invite high-quality research work including original research articles and reviews related to genetics and multi-omics aspects of plant abiotic stress responses.

Dr. Abhishek Bohra
Dr. Rohit Joshi
Prof. Dr. Rajeev Varshney
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • gene
  • genome
  • gene expression
  • proteome
  • metabolite
  • phenotype
  • QTL

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2562 KiB  
Article
Morphological, Physiological, and Transcriptional Changes in Crocus sativus L. Under In Vitro Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Water Stress
by Suman Gusain and Rohit Joshi
Biology 2025, 14(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14010078 - 15 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1042
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a perennial geophyte from the Iridaceae family, blooms in autumn and thrives in Mediterranean-like climates. It is highly valued for its therapeutic and commercial uses. While saffron cultivation generally requires minimal water, insufficient irrigation can negatively impact its [...] Read more.
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a perennial geophyte from the Iridaceae family, blooms in autumn and thrives in Mediterranean-like climates. It is highly valued for its therapeutic and commercial uses. While saffron cultivation generally requires minimal water, insufficient irrigation can negatively impact its yield. Although numerous studies have explored the detrimental impact of drought on saffron under field conditions, its impact in vitro remains largely unexplored. The present study aims to investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 at concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10% in inducing drought stress on saffron shoots under controlled conditions. The research focuses on evaluating morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes and analyzing the expression of drought-responsive genes. Shoot establishment was carried out on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BAP) and 1 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), while PEG 6000 was used to induce drought stress. Various morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters were assessed 30 days after stress induction. Increasing PEG concentrations in the medium significantly reduced shoot regeneration, leading to increased apical tissue browning. Significant chlorophyll and carotenoid level changes were observed in shoots exposed to higher PEG concentrations. PEG-induced drought led to decreased plant growth and biomass and lowered relative water content of leaves. Lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, and H2O2 content increased, indicating heightened stress levels. Proline concentration significantly increased in plants subjected to 5% and 10% PEG compared to controls. Non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (phenolics, flavonoids, % inhibition, total reducing power, and total antioxidant activity) also increased with the severity of stress. In contrast, a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase was observed in PEG-treated shoots. Significant changes in the expression of drought-related genes, such as DREB1, DREB2, AREB1, DHN1 (Dehydrin), and SnRK2, were observed in shoots exposed to 5% and 10% PEG. In conclusion, the study highlights that PEG, as an inducer of drought stress, negatively impacts saffron’s growth and physiological responses under in vitro conditions. It also triggers significant changes in biochemical and molecular mechanisms, indicating the plant’s susceptibility to water scarcity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress)
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28 pages, 5275 KiB  
Article
Bicarbonate-Dependent Detoxification by Mitigating Ammonium-Induced Hypoxic Stress in Triticum aestivum Root
by Xiao Liu, Yunxiu Zhang, Chengming Tang, Huawei Li, Haiyong Xia, Shoujin Fan and Lingan Kong
Biology 2024, 13(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13020101 - 5 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2058
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity is ubiquitous in plants. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity and bicarbonate (HCO3−)-dependent alleviation, wheat plants were hydroponically cultivated in half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 7.5 mM NO3− (CK), 7.5 [...] Read more.
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity is ubiquitous in plants. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity and bicarbonate (HCO3−)-dependent alleviation, wheat plants were hydroponically cultivated in half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 7.5 mM NO3− (CK), 7.5 mM NH4+ (SA), or 7.5 mM NH4+ + 3 mM HCO3− (AC). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared to CK, SA treatment at 48 h significantly upregulated the expression of genes encoding fermentation enzymes (pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) and oxygen consumption enzymes (respiratory burst oxidase homologs, dioxygenases, and alternative oxidases), downregulated the expression of genes encoding oxygen transporters (PIP-type aquaporins, non-symbiotic hemoglobins), and those involved in energy metabolism, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and ATP synthases, but upregulated the glycolytic enzymes in the roots and downregulated the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and elongation. The physiological assay showed that SA treatment significantly increased PDC, ADH, and LDH activity by 36.69%, 43.66%, and 61.60%, respectively; root ethanol concentration by 62.95%; and lactate efflux by 23.20%, and significantly decreased the concentrations of pyruvate and most TCA cycle intermediates, the complex V activity, ATP content, and ATP/ADP ratio. As a consequence, SA significantly inhibited root growth. AC treatment reversed the changes caused by SA and alleviated the inhibition of root growth. In conclusion, NH4+ treatment alone may cause hypoxic stress in the roots, inhibit energy generation, suppress cell division and elongation, and ultimately inhibit root growth, and adding HCO3− remarkably alleviates the NH4+-induced inhibitory effects on root growth largely by attenuating the hypoxic stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress)
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