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Biology
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Advances in Biomechanics in Physiology and Pathology
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Advances in Biomechanics in Physiology and Pathology

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biophysics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 840

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Milan Toma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
Interests: biomechanical engineering; computational mechanics; computational biomechanics; image processing; brain injuries; fetus injuries; impact biomechanics; cardiovascular fluid–structure interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Biomechanics stands at the intersection of biology, engineering, and physics, offering profound insights into how mechanical forces shape the structure and function of living systems. In recent years, advances in experimental techniques, computational modeling, and imaging technologies have transformed our understanding of the dynamic interplay between mechanical cues and biological processes. These developments have illuminated the critical roles that biomechanics plays not only in maintaining physiological homeostasis but also in the onset and progression of pathological conditions.

A particularly exciting frontier in biomechanics is the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies enable the analysis of complex, high-dimensional datasets, facilitate the discovery of novel patterns, and enhance predictive modeling in both physiological and pathological contexts. Machine learning empowers computers to learn from data and improve their performance autonomously, making it a powerful tool for advancing biomechanics research. By leveraging AI-driven approaches, researchers can now approach challenges that were previously intractable, from automated image analysis to the simulation of biomechanical systems.

This Special Issue, "Advances in Biomechanics in Physiology and Pathology", brings together cutting-edge research that explores the mechanisms by which cells, tissues, and organs sense, respond to, and are remodeled by mechanical forces. We aim to highlight studies that combine fundamental mechanobiology with translational applications. Hence, we particularly welcome interdisciplinary contributions that leverage innovative methodologies, including advanced bioimaging, engineered microenvironments, computational simulations, novel biomaterials, and AI-driven analytics. By fostering dialog across disciplines, this Special Issue seeks to advance our collective understanding of how mechanical forces and intelligent data analysis influence biological form and function.

We invite original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and technical papers that push the boundaries of biomechanics in both physiological and pathological contexts. Through this Special Issue, we hope to provide a platform for the latest discoveries and to stimulate further innovation in this rapidly evolving field.

Dr. Milan Toma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomechanics
  • mechanics
  • extracellular matrix
  • cellular mechanics
  • tissue remodeling
  • developmental biomechanics
  • computational modeling
  • bioimaging
  • engineered microenvironments
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 5441 KB  
Article
Nested Fluid–Structure Interaction Predictive Modeling of Fetal Brain Stress During Maternal Trauma
by Jonathan Mayer, Molly Bekbolatova, Timothy Devine, Paula Ryo and Milan Toma
Biology 2026, 15(10), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15100761 - 11 May 2026
Viewed by 331
Abstract
Background: Mechanical trauma during pregnancy from motor vehicle accidents, falls, and maternal seizures poses significant risks to fetal development. The fetus is protected by multiple hierarchical layers including the uterine wall, amniotic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. Despite the clinical significance [...] Read more.
Background: Mechanical trauma during pregnancy from motor vehicle accidents, falls, and maternal seizures poses significant risks to fetal development. The fetus is protected by multiple hierarchical layers including the uterine wall, amniotic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. Despite the clinical significance of maternal trauma occurring in approximately six to eight percent of pregnancies, previous computational studies have focused primarily on amniotic fluid protection while treating the fetus as a homogeneous structure, without examining the nested protective architecture comprising both amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid as an integrated system. Methods: This investigation implements a nested fluid–structure interaction framework simultaneously capturing three hierarchically organized systems: the uterine wall interacting with amniotic fluid, amniotic fluid interacting with the fetal body, and the cranial system comprising skull, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue. The computational architecture employs smoothed particle hydrodynamics for fluid domains coupled with finite element methods for solid structures. Boundary conditions representing traumatic forces were obtained through experimental protocols using an instrumented medical simulation mannequin performing seizure movements. Results: Computational simulations predicted that amniotic fluid absorbed the majority of impact forces through hydraulic cushioning, while cerebrospinal fluid provided additional stress reduction through pressure redistribution, with model predictions suggesting total stress reduction exceeding ninety percent. Peak fetal brain stress values predicted by the model were below injury thresholds reported in adult neural tissue literature, though direct applicability of these thresholds to fetal tissue remains uncertain. The fetal brain exhibited minimal movement relative to the skull despite complex force cascades. Stress distributions showed elevated values in the frontal lobe and brainstem, though magnitudes remained within ranges that the model suggests may be tolerable. Conclusions: Computational modeling suggests that the nested fluid protection architecture operates as an integrated hierarchical system providing potential mechanical protection through sequential energy dissipation. These findings represent model predictions requiring experimental and clinical validation before translation to clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomechanics in Physiology and Pathology)
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