How Epigenetics Shapes the Nervous System

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 414

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Medical Genetics Laboratories, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: neurobiology; neurodegeneration; epigenetic biomarkers; environmental factors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression, influencing neural differentiation, synaptic remodeling, and cognitive processes. These mechanisms play a crucial role in the development, function, and plasticity of the nervous system. Emerging evidence also links altered epigenetic regulation to neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric conditions, offering novel insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies. Notably, neurodevelopmental disorders caused by germline mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators, known as chromatinopathies, underscore the profound impact of epigenetic mechanisms on central nervous system function.

This Special Issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and reviews exploring the diverse roles of epigenetic modifications in neural development, function, and disease. We welcome contributions exploring the fundamental mechanisms of neuro-epigenetics and translational research investigating altered epigenetic mechanisms underlying neurological disorders, as well as studies exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting the epigenome. Additionally, we encourage contributions examining the impact of environmental and early-life factors on epigenetic modifications in the nervous system, along with updated reviews and systematic reviews on specific aspects of neuro-epigenetics. By assembling a comprehensive collection of studies, we seek to advance our understanding of how epigenetics shapes nervous system biology and contributes to neuropathology, paving the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Andrea Stoccoro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nervous system
  • epigenetics
  • DNA methylation
  • histone tail modifications
  • non-coding RNAs
  • neurological disorders
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • biomarkers
  • environmental epigenetics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 1538 KiB  
Review
Multi-Faceted Role of Histone Methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2) in Neuroinflammation and Emerging Targeting Options
by Sotirios Moraitis and Christina Piperi
Biology 2025, 14(7), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070749 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 277
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a complex nervous system response to brain injury and other pathological stimuli, exhibits a common denominator role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and their progression. Among several regulators of neuroinflammation, epigenetic mechanisms with particular emphasis on histone methylation have a prominent [...] Read more.
Neuroinflammation, a complex nervous system response to brain injury and other pathological stimuli, exhibits a common denominator role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and their progression. Among several regulators of neuroinflammation, epigenetic mechanisms with particular emphasis on histone methylation have a prominent role by altering the expression of specific genes involved in the onset and progression of neuroinflammation. The Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2) histone lysine methyltransferase is a multi-faceted and context-dependent regulator of immune response and neural cell function, significantly involved in the underlying mechanisms of neuroinflammation, such as inflammatory gene expression, astrocyte function, microglial activation, BBB integrity, and interactions with non-coding RNAs. Herein, we explore the intricate implication of EZH2 activity in the onset of neuroinflammation and associated pathological conditions, and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. Currently available EZH2 inhibitors with neuroprotective effects are also addressed in an effort to reveal novel strategies for managing neuroinflammatory conditions, and potentially improving neurological health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How Epigenetics Shapes the Nervous System)
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