Engineering Intervertebral Disc Models: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2026 | Viewed by 3060

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: cell isolation; cell cultures; in vitro cell models; biocompatibility; 3D bioprinting

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cell isolation techniques, experimental in vitro cell models, and biomaterial science are becoming increasingly important to modern medicine. Disc degeneration is a key research focus, combined with the development of materials that are biocompatible with natural tissue and can serve as artificial, implantable disc replacements. Advances in in vitro cell models are crucial in disc applications, not only in the study of degenerative processes but also in the refinement of research and development in suitable biomaterials, tissue engineering in discs, and the in vitro evaluation of cell–material interactions and treatment options. We aim to cover some of the most important areas of preclinical and clinical medicine. These include basic science and preclinical research, such as cell isolation techniques, biomaterial development, in vitro cell modelling, the assessment of cell–material interactions and mechanisms of disc degeneration, clinical approaches, and treatment strategies. We hope that this Special Issue will enhance our understanding of the scientific basis of disc regeneration and provide knowledge on clinical management to assist clinicians and researchers in this field.

Dr. Lidija Gradišnik
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • intervertebral disc
  • disc degeneration
  • cell isolation
  • cell cultures
  • in vitro cell models
  • 3D bioprinting
  • treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

39 pages, 2012 KB  
Review
Degenerative Disease of Intervertebral Disc: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis, Clinical Implications and Therapies
by Lidija Gradisnik, Nina Kocivnik, Uros Maver and Tomaz Velnar
Bioengineering 2026, 13(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13010040 - 29 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2614
Abstract
This narrative review examines degenerative disc disease (DDD), a major cause of chronic back pain and disability worldwide. It is a multifactorial condition resulting from a complex interplay of genetic, mechanical, metabolic, and environmental factors that progressively impair disc structure and function. The [...] Read more.
This narrative review examines degenerative disc disease (DDD), a major cause of chronic back pain and disability worldwide. It is a multifactorial condition resulting from a complex interplay of genetic, mechanical, metabolic, and environmental factors that progressively impair disc structure and function. The pathophysiology of DDD involves disruption of extracellular matrix homeostasis, cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. These processes are further modulated by signalling pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin, leading to matrix degradation, dehydration, and loss of disc height. Epidemiological studies highlight the contribution of lifestyle and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, smoking, and diabetes, to disease progression. Traditional conservative and surgical treatments primarily alleviate symptoms but do not halt or reverse degeneration. In contrast, recent advances in molecular biology and regenerative medicine have opened new therapeutic avenues. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy, biomaterial scaffolds, and gene-based interventions aim to restore disc homeostasis by promoting matrix synthesis and suppressing catabolic activity. Despite promising experimental results, clinical translation remains limited by challenges in cell viability, delivery methods, and long-term efficacy. Future research integrating molecular, biomechanical, and regenerative strategies offers the potential for true biological repair and disc regeneration. Full article
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