Physical Activity for Mental Health: The Diverse Evidence and New Avenues

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Psychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 3130

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: mental health; career development and counseling; physical activity; sport psychology; health psychology

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Guest Editor
1. School of Human Sciences Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 3AW, UK
2. College of Physical Education, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
Interests: personality and individual differences; human performance; health behaviors; mental health and wellbeing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The World Health Organization has defined mental health as “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community” (WHO, 2005, p. 2). Such a conceptualization suggests that mental health consists of the presence of or increased mental wellbeing (e.g., feeling good and functioning well in daily life) and the absence of or reduced mental illness (e.g., anxiety, stress, psychological distress). Previous research has demonstrated varied psychological benefits of physical activity participation; however, more diverse evidence is needed to better understand the role participating in physical activity plays in the promotion of mental wellbeing and the prevention of mental illness in diverse populations (e.g., patients, athletes, schoolchildren and adolescents, adults at varying ages, people with neurodiversity or special needs, etc.).

Moreover, knowledge is needed regarding the biopsychosocial factors that may modulate the mental health consequences of participation in physical activity, especially among those who are engaging in varied high-intensity and high-volume physical activities (e.g., elite athletes, blue-collar workers) or those with special needs (e.g., the neurodiverse or other vulnerable individuals). In this context, we argue that participation in physical activity may not always be equally beneficial to all people at times, and could be debilitative to mental health (e.g., reinforcing obsession, muscle dysmorphia, eating problems, etc.). Meanwhile, the varied types and contexts of physical activity may also exert different influences on different people. There is certainly no “one model fits all” when promoting physical activity for mental health.

Overall, this Special Issue will collate new knowledge and diverse evidence about physical activity for mental health. We welcome manuscripts that offer novel insights into the associations of physical activity participation with mental wellbeing and mental illness from various perspectives (e.g., social, neurological, and psychological). We encourage prospective contributors to address the abovementioned issues that use diverse approaches (interventional studies, longitudinal qualitative and quantitative designs, mixed-design studies, systematic reviews, scoping reviews, and meta-analyses).

This Special Issue is open to any subject area including, but not limited to, the keywords below.

Dr. Jingdong Liu
Dr. Shuge Zhang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • physical activity
  • physical exercise
  • sports
  • work-related physical activity
  • mental health
  • mental illness
  • subjective wellbeing
  • quality of life
  • burnout
  • personality and individual differences

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 302 KiB  
Article
An Investigation into the Perspectives and Experiences of Physically Active Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Andy Pringle, Evelyn Oldale, Ella Rowley and Clare M. P. Roscoe
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050598 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Contemporary physical activity (PA) strategies emphasise the PA needs of sedentary and inactive groups, with less emphasis placed on physically active groups. Understanding the needs of physically active groups is important in helping people to keep active. This study investigated the perspectives and [...] Read more.
Contemporary physical activity (PA) strategies emphasise the PA needs of sedentary and inactive groups, with less emphasis placed on physically active groups. Understanding the needs of physically active groups is important in helping people to keep active. This study investigated the perspectives and experiences of physically active adults (‘Actives’) during the COVID-19 pandemic, including their PA levels, barriers and facilitators to/for PA, the strategies they deployed to keep active and their experiences of the messaging of Government health and PA guidelines. Following recruitment, thirteen in depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with adult men and women who reported meeting the UK Chief Medical Officer’s PA guidelines before the COVID-19 pandemic commenced. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis identified five key themes and related sub-themes: (I) PA participation; (II) barriers to PA participation, including overcrowding of the PA space, conflict between different groups and negative mental health; (III) facilitators for PA, including place/residence, rural location, social support and good mental wellbeing; (IV) strategies to keep active, including improvisation, substitution of PA mode, scheduling PA, social support and goal setting; (V) guidance and messaging on the health guidelines, including PA promotion for strength and balance, mental health and where to receive information on PA. This study provides valuable insights for PA promotion for Actives at an unprecedented time. Full article
15 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Associations of Home-Based Individual and Family Exercise with Personal and Family Well-Being Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Survey in Hong Kong
by Jinzhou Yu, Katherine Yuk-Ping Sze, Agnes Yuen-Kwan Lai, Shirley Man-Man Sit, Wei-Jie Gong, Jia Guo, Tai-Hing Lam, Man-Ping Wang and Sai-Yin Ho
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030376 - 17 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Exercise benefits individuals, but research about exercising with family members (EFM) and personal and family well-being is scarce. We investigated the associations of home-based individual exercise (IE) and EFM with personal and family well-being amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A population-based cross-sectional survey on [...] Read more.
Exercise benefits individuals, but research about exercising with family members (EFM) and personal and family well-being is scarce. We investigated the associations of home-based individual exercise (IE) and EFM with personal and family well-being amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A population-based cross-sectional survey on Hong Kong Chinese adults was conducted from February to March 2021, when COVID-19 was under control (N = 5825). Respondents reported the number of days IE and EFM occurred at home in the past 7 days (0, 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7), respectively. Family well-being, personal happiness, and personal/family adversity coping capability (ACC/FACC) were each measured with an 11-point scale (range 0–10). Psychological distress was measured using the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire (range 0–12). Associations were assessed using multiple linear regressions. Of 1911 respondents, 9.2% reported having ≥3 days of EFM. After adjusting for each other and sociodemographic characteristics, more frequent IE or EFM (≥3 vs. 0–2 days) was associated with greater family well-being, FACC, personal happiness, and lower psychological distress. Our findings suggest that home-based EFM or IE may promote personal/family well-being and highlight the potential for incorporating home-based exercise into public health strategies to enhance overall well-being. Full article
13 pages, 1235 KiB  
Article
Perfectionism and Adolescent Athletes’ Burnout: The Serial Mediation of Motivation and Coping Style
by Aiai Xu, Xiaobing Luo, Xueqing Qiu and Changfen Lu
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14111011 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
Preventing and reducing adolescent athletes’ risk of burnout can help promote long-term sports participation, improve performance, and maintain psychological well-being. The present study examined the associations between perfectionism and burnout among Chinese adolescent athletes and the mediating role of motivation and coping styles. [...] Read more.
Preventing and reducing adolescent athletes’ risk of burnout can help promote long-term sports participation, improve performance, and maintain psychological well-being. The present study examined the associations between perfectionism and burnout among Chinese adolescent athletes and the mediating role of motivation and coping styles. A total of 243 Chinese adolescent athletes (78% boys; Mage = 17.8; SD = 2.62) completed the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale for China, the Situational Motivation Scale, the Coping Scale for Chinese Athletes, and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire to assess perfectionism (strivings and concerns), coping styles (problem-focused and emotion-focused), motivation (intrinsic and amotivation), and burnout. Path analyses indicated that intrinsic motivation and coping styles (problem-focused and emotion-focused) serially mediated the relationship between perfectionistic strivings and burnout. Problem-focused coping mediated the relationship between perfectionistic concerns and burnout. These findings contribute to a model of the effect of perfectionism on adolescent athletes’ burnout, provide support for the self-determination theory, and suggest a feasible approach for mitigating burnout in this group. Full article
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Review

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25 pages, 1889 KiB  
Review
Twenty-Four-Hour Movement Behaviors and Social Functions in Neurodiverse Children: A Scoping Review
by Chengwen Fan, Pan Liu, Zongyu Yang, Liqin Yin and Shuge Zhang
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050592 (registering DOI) - 28 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Research on how an active lifestyle impacts the social functions of neurodiverse children, particularly within the context of twenty-four-hour (24 h) movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep), has been emerging but has yet to receive a systematic synthesis. In this scoping [...] Read more.
Research on how an active lifestyle impacts the social functions of neurodiverse children, particularly within the context of twenty-four-hour (24 h) movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep), has been emerging but has yet to receive a systematic synthesis. In this scoping review, we aimed (1) to synthesize current knowledge in the field of 24 h movement behaviors and social functions in neurodiverse children; and (2) to offer insights into implications for future research and practices. Specifically, we conducted a systematic search via four databases, namely the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, through 31st December 2024, and followed scoping review guidelines for results synthesis. The initial search returned 2342 articles, of which 50 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria following a robust selection and screening process. These retained studies were published between 2004 and 2024, primarily focused on children with neurodiversity of autism spectrum disorder, or ASD (70%), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD (23%), and using quantitative methods (84%). Only 6% of studies considered the combined effects of different 24 h movement behaviors, with most examining physical activity alone. Longer group exercise interventions were found to be more effective in improving social functions in neurodiverse children. Overall, the findings support the position that 24 h behaviors have a positive influence on the social functioning of neurodiverse children. However, current research tends to focus primarily on ASD, uses quantitative methods, and often overlooks the combined effects of physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behavior. Future studies should address these limitations and examine 24 h movement behaviors in children with a broader range of neurodiverse characteristics. Research and practices should also consider qualitative approaches as a complement to quantitative measures for monitoring and evaluation. Full article
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