Submit to Atmosphere Review for Atmosphere Edit a Special Issue

Journal Browser

Special Issue "Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics"

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 6326

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yineng Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China
Interests: air–sea interactions; numerical forecast; data assimilation; ocean modeling; storm surge; extreme wave; upwelling

Dr. Xing Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China
Interests: coastal environment; storm surge; hydrodynamic process; sea level change; modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The air–sea interaction controls the exchange of mass, momentum, and heat between the atmosphere and the ocean. It significantly affects the development of atmospheric and ocean systems from the subscale to the global scale. In particular, the tropical cyclones (TCs) that pose an important threat to people's lives and property in coastal and offshore regions are accompanied by strong air–sea interactions. TCs cause high winds, extreme waves, and storm surges, which pose a major hazard to offshore activities and coastal areas. The process of the air–sea interaction plays an important role in the development of these extreme marine events. Improving the understanding of air–sea interaction processes, and describing these extreme processes in weather forecast models and air–sea coupling models, can improve their predictions and reduce potential damage. Although our ability to simulate the weather, ocean, and air–sea interactions has generally improved in recent years, there is still a lot of uncertainty, especially under extreme conditions. The goal of this research topic is to collect information on air–sea interactions in tropical ocean regions and how to improve the simulation and forecasting capabilities of extreme weather and ocean processes. We particularly welcome research with a focus on the following topics: air–sea interaction processes, boundary layer processes (such as air–wave, wave–current, and tide–surge interactions); optimization of key parameters of numerical models, simulation of extreme processes (such as tropical cyclones, extreme waves, storm surges) and their mechanisms; and the impact of climate change on atmospheric and oceanic extreme events. We also welcome research on the improvement of air–sea coupling models, the method of data assimilation, and the application of remote sensing data in these topics.

Dr. Yineng Li
Dr. Xing Wei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

air–sea interactions
tropical cyclones
storm surge
extreme wave
numerical modeling
data assimilation

Published Papers (7 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Response of Atmospheric and Ocean Parameters and Their Relation to Typhoon Haikui (2012) Using Satellite Data

Wangyuan Zhu

Mantravadi Venkata Subrahmanyam

Liuzhu Wang

and

Biyun Guo

Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030518 - 08 Mar 2023

Viewed by 419

Abstract

Typhoon Haikui (2012) occurred in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and landfall on the east coast of China brought heavy rainfall with strong winds. Because of Typhoon Haikui, sea surface temperature (SST) cooling of 3 °C occurred on the right side of the track, mainly due to Ekman transport and upwelling. SST cooling on the left side was lower than on the right side, mainly due to the rainfall. Heavy precipitation occurred on both sides of the typhoon track; however, rainfall was higher on the left side of the typhoon track. This paper explains the dynamic process between atmospheric and oceanographic parameters and verifies the variations in chlorophyll and sea surface height data before, during, and after the typhoon. Typhoon Haikui demonstrates dynamic variations and intuitively illustrates the relationship between the ocean and atmospheric parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

ENSO and PDO Effect on Stratospheric Dynamics in Isca Numerical Experiments

Daria Sobaeva

Yulia Zyulyaeva

and

Sergey Gulev

Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030459 - 24 Feb 2023

Viewed by 403

Abstract

The deterministic forecast of the stratospheric polar vortex intensity (iSPV) is limited by 2 weeks, but it can be probabilistically predicted for a longer period due to low-frequency components of the climate system, such as large-scale sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) (e.g., El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)). For a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the effect of the large-scale Pacific SSTAs on the iSPV anomalies formation, idealized model experiments were carried out using the Isca platform. There is no statistically significant response of the SPV dynamics to the SSTAs corresponding to PDO phases, but they noticeably correct the effect of ENSO modes when added to it. The effect of the El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) events with neutral PDO phases on the iSPV is asymmetric; in the “single” EN experiment the vortex is 40% weaker relative to the control values, and, in the “single” LN, the SPV is weakened by no more than 20%. When EN accompanied with the positive PDO phase, iSPV is reduced by 58%. When the negative PDO phase is added, the EN effect is significantly weakened. The LN effect is weakened by both positive and negative PDO phases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Cyclonic and Anticyclonic Asymmetry of Reef and Atoll Wakes in the Xisha Archipelago

and

Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1740; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101740 - 21 Oct 2022

Viewed by 647

Abstract

A high-resolution (∼500 m) numerical model was used to study the reef and atoll wakes in the Xisha Archipelago (XA) during 2009. Statistical analyses of simulation data indicated strong cyclonic dominance in the mixing layer (above ∼35 m) and weak anticyclonic dominance in the subsurface layer (35∼160 m) for both eddies and filaments in the XA. The intrinsic dynamical properties of the flow, such as the vertical stratification and velocity magnitude, and the terrain of reefs and atolls had a significant effect on the asymmetry. Without considering the existence of reefs and atolls, the “background cyclonic dominance” generated under local planetary rotation (

f \approx 4.1 \times 10^{- 5}

s⁻¹) and vertical stratification (with mean Brunt–Väisälä frequency N = 0.02 s⁻¹ at 75 m) was stronger for filaments than eddies in the upper layer from 0∼200 m, and the larger vorticity amplitude in the cyclonic filaments could greatly enhance the cyclonic wake eddies. Furthermore, inertial–centrifugal instability induced selective destabilization of anticyclonic wake eddies in different water layers. As the Rossby number (Ro) and core vorticity (Burger number, Bu) decreased (increased) with the water depth, a more stable state was achieved for the anticyclonic wake eddies in the deeper layer. The stratification and slipping reefs and atolls also led to vertical decoupled shedding, which intensified the asymmetry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

Meteo-Climatic Conditions of Wind and Wave in the Perspective of Joint Energy Exploitation: Case Study of Dongluo Island, Hainan

and

Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071076 - 07 Jul 2022

Viewed by 759

Abstract

Combined wind and wave power generation has advantages such as energy synergy and complementarity and will play a leading role in the integrated development of offshore renewable energy. From the perspective of joint energy development, this study focuses on the meteo-climatic wind and wave conditions in Dongluo Island, Hainan, in the South China Sea. Based on the concurrent measurement from in situ monitoring system, hourly data from June 2020 to September 2021 are used to reveal typical climate characteristics associated with the weak (inverse) correlation between wind and wave. The energy flux density of wind and wave are also assessed to describe the energy pattern. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows the wind parameters contribute a larger variance to the matrix of the wind–wave dataset than the waves, suggesting a lower stability of the wind climate. The first three components via PCA are then classified into five clusters to represent different climatic characteristics. Among them, the dominating cluster symbolizes a climatic circumstance with weaker winds and waves below normal. This cluster, evenly distributed in different seasons, shows the lowest wave–wind correlation, suggesting a favorable condition of the synergy of the two energies throughout the year. The clusters with the second and third largest sample sizes are mainly dominated in spring and winter, respectively. The magnitudes of the wind and wave parameters in these two clusters yield to a relation of “as one falls, another rises”, implying a high interest in complementarity between the two resources to a certain extent. The energy features inferred by meteo-climatic clusters are further verified by direct assessment of energy density. There are generally consistent variations between wind–wave climate and energy, both in magnitude and in seasonality. Based on these results, differentiated exploitation schemes considering the complementarity or synergy of wind and wave according to different seasons are recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of ERA5 Wave Parameters with In Situ Data in the South China Sea

and

Atmosphere 2022, 13(6), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060935 - 09 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1073

Abstract

In this paper, the accuracy of wave parameters of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) in the South China Sea (SCS) is systematically examined with field measured data of two buoys at offshore sites and a subsea-based platform at a nearshore site, which has a total observational period of nearly three years. It is suggested that the wave parameters provided by ERA5, such as significant wave height (Hs) and mean wave period (Tm), are in good agreement with the observational data of the three sites. Compared with the in situ data, the correlation coefficient of ERA5 Hs is in the range of 0.87–0.93, and the root mean square error is only in the range of 0.22–0.57 m. The error of standard deviation does not exceed 0.29 m and is even as low as 0.04 m at two sites. The wave propagation directions of the ERA5 and in situ data are also basically the same. However, when the data are applied in engineering, some wave parameters extracted from ERA5 may deviate from the measured statistics. It is possible to significantly overestimate the average duration of a particular Hs. Further analysis shows that the possible errors of ERA5 wave parameters may be due to insufficient description of topographic conditions, which shows that the error value changes obviously with the wave direction. The results preliminarily confirm the validity of ERA5 data in the SCS, but also indicate that it is necessary to calibrate and validate the data adequately when applying the global model and its reanalysis data to specific ocean areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Environmental Relative Vorticity and Seasonal Variation on Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

and

Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050795 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 893

Abstract

An improved understanding of the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclones (TCs) is vital to enhance the accuracy of forecasting TC intensity. More than half of TCs that were substantially affected by environmental factors were predominantly affected by low-level environmental relative vorticity (hereafter, VOR TCs). In this study, the seasonal variation and related physical features of VOR TCs from 2003–2017 during TC seasons in summer and autumn over the western North Pacific were analyzed. Autumn VOR TCs exhibited the strongest intensity among all TCs over the western North Pacific. The enhanced environmental relative vorticity during the TC intensification period was larger and more favorably distributed for VOR TC development in autumn. The vorticity diagnostic analysis showed that the convergence was the positive source of environmental relative vorticity of VOR TCs, while the contribution of convergence was larger in autumn than in summer. The increased convergence was related to seasonal variation in larger-scale systems, especially the higher environmental pressure gradient, which reflected the larger subtropical high and the compressed East Asian summer monsoon trough in autumn. In addition, the East Asian summer monsoon trough was also somewhat stronger during the intensification period of VOR TCs, especially in autumn. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of the Water Tower of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018)

and

Atmosphere 2022, 13(4), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040636 - 18 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1044

Abstract

On 16 September 2018, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) experienced heavy precipitation, with the local daily precipitation exceeding 250 mm. Using ERA5 reanalysis data and satellite observations from the GPM, we review this heavy rain event in terms of its meteorological triggers and water vapor transport. As the high-level water vapor produced by Typhoon Mangkhut continued to be transported northward, the precipitation in the YRD gradually increased, and stratus precipitation played a major role in this event. The high-level water vapor continued to be transported northward to the east of Taiwan Island without falling, so heavy precipitation did not appear to the east of Taiwan Island. In the present study, we suggest that the meteorological trigger of this event was mainly the gradual falling of ice particles moving northward from a high altitude. The high-level ice particles originated from the “water tower” at the center of Typhoon Mangkhut, which pumped low-level water vapor into the high-level water vapor. In general, the appearance of abnormal values of high-level water vapor transport is an important atmospheric disturbance related to heavy precipitation in the downstream areas of high-level wind, and the typhoon water tower can be used as an important forecast signal for long-distance heavy precipitation in China during the active typhoon period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Special Issue "Air-Sea Interaction: Modeling and Dynamics"

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (7 papers)

Research

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI