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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Ionospheric Disturbances and Space Weather
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Ionospheric Disturbances and Space Weather

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Upper Atmosphere".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 1222

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jianyong Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Space Weather, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Interests: space weather forecast; space weather numerical simulation; solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere–upper atmosphere coupling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to comprehensively explore ionospheric disturbances at various scales and complex responses to space weather. As advancements in technology and an increased reliance on satellite communications and navigation systems emerge, understanding and forecasting these disturbances and space weather events has become crucial for mitigating their impacts on modern infrastructure and safety.

We welcome submissions that encompass a wide range of topics including, but not limited to, the mechanisms driving ionospheric disturbances, their correlation with space weather events such as solar flares, geomagnetic storms, sudden stratospheric warming, and other events, and the resulting effects on radio wave propagation and satellite operations. We welcome contributions that present observational studies, theoretical modeling, and the real-time forecasting of space weather and its implications for the ionosphere.

In addition, we encouarage the submission of interdisciplinary research that combines insights from magnetospheric physics, atmospheric science, and other fields; this is in order to enhance our understanding of ionospheric disturbances. By assembling a diverse range of perspectives and methodologies, this Special Issue will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and the technological community, fostering further collaboration in this critical area of study.

Prof. Dr. Jianyong Lu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • space weather
  • ionosphere
  • upper atmosphere

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 3520 KiB  
Article
CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling
by Samuel Abaidoo, Virginia Klausner, Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido, Valdir Gil Pillat, Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy, Fabio Becker-Guedes, Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo and Laura Luiz Trigo
Atmosphere 2025, 16(5), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050499 - 26 Apr 2025
Viewed by 80
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)/High-Speed Stream (HSS)-driven geomagnetic storm from 13 to 23 October 2003, preceding the well-known Halloween storm. This moderate storm exhibited a prolonged recovery phase and persistent activity due to a High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the effects of a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)/High-Speed Stream (HSS)-driven geomagnetic storm from 13 to 23 October 2003, preceding the well-known Halloween storm. This moderate storm exhibited a prolonged recovery phase and persistent activity due to a High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) event. We focus on low-latitude ionospheric responses induced by Prompt Penetration Electric Fields (PPEFs) and Disturbance Dynamo Electric Fields (DDEFs). To assess these effects, we employed ground-based GNSS receivers, Digisonde data, and satellite observations from ACE, TIMED, and SOHO. An empirical model by Scherliess and Fejer (1999) was used to estimate equatorial plasma drifts and assess disturbed electric fields. Results show a ∼120 km uplift in hmF2 due to PPEF, expanding the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest beyond 20° dip latitude. DDEF effects during HILDCAA induced sustained F-region oscillations (∼100 km). The storm also altered thermospheric composition, with [[O]/[N2] enhancements coinciding with TEC increases. Plasma irregularities, inferred from the Rate of TEC Index (ROTI 0.5–1 TECU/min), extended from equatorial to South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) latitudes. These results demonstrate prolonged ionospheric disturbances under CIR/HSS forcing and highlight the relevance of such events for understanding extended storm-time electrodynamics at low latitudes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionospheric Disturbances and Space Weather)
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25 pages, 10436 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Geomagnetic Superstorms of 10–11 May 2024 and 7–11 October 2024 on the Ionosphere and Plasmasphere
by Viviane Pierrard, Tobias G. W. Verhulst, Jean-Marie Chevalier, Nicolas Bergeot and Alexandre Winant
Atmosphere 2025, 16(3), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030299 - 4 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 829
Abstract
On 10 May 2024 at 17 h:07 UTC, the simultaneous arrival of several solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) generated the strongest geomagnetic storm of the last twenty years, with a minimum Dst = −412 nT, usually referred to as the Mother’s Day event. [...] Read more.
On 10 May 2024 at 17 h:07 UTC, the simultaneous arrival of several solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) generated the strongest geomagnetic storm of the last twenty years, with a minimum Dst = −412 nT, usually referred to as the Mother’s Day event. On 10 October 2024, the second strongest event of solar cycle 25 appeared with a Dst = −335 nT, preceded on 8 October by an event with a Dst = −153 nT. In the present work, with measurements of the vertical total electron content and with ionosonde observations from Europe, USA, and South Korea, we show that the ionization of the upper atmosphere shortly increased at the arrival of the CME for these different events, followed by a fast decrease at all latitudes. The ionization remained very low for more than a full day. While the recovery started at the beginning of the second day after the onset for both events in October, the sudden recovery in the middle of the second day on 12 May is much more unusual. The analysis of the observations at different latitudes and longitudes shows that the causes of the ionization variations during the superstorms were mainly due to strong perturbations in the ionospheric F layer, amplified by the plasmasphere’s influence on the vertical total electron content (VTEC). The erosion of the plasmasphere during these two strong events led to a plasmapause located at exceptionally low radial distances smaller than 2 Re (Earth’s radii) in the post-midnight sector and a rotating plume in the afternoon–dusk sector clearly visible in the BSPM plasmasphere model. It took several days after the storms to recover normal ionization rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionospheric Disturbances and Space Weather)
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