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Atmosphere
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Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops
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Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biometeorology and Bioclimatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2024) | Viewed by 8726

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fu Cai

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Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
Interests: drought; mechanism; crop model; agrometeorological disaster; plant physiological process
Dr. Wenying Yu

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Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
Interests: drought; agrometeorological disaster; plant physiological process; remote sensing monitoring; evapotranspiration; climate change
Dr. Nina Chen

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Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
Interests: agrometeorological disaster; plant physiological process; crop model; evapotranspiration; carbon flux; climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide recent advances in the field of Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops. Against the background of climate change, extreme climate events such as high temperature and drought have a great impact on agricultural production. Climate change demonstrates a vital spatial variability in the world due to the differences in geographical location and topography and its impact on crop production presents a huge difference in different parts of the world. Because of the different occurrence time, duration and degree, the impacts of agro-meteorological disasters on the crop growth and grain yield are also various. Notably, the effects of environmental stress on crops have multifarious manifestation as the variations in the physiological and morphological characteristics. More specifically, the photosynthetic capacity, transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthate partitioning, plant height, leaf area, the growth of the root and so on will also be influenced by environmental stress. So, how to deeply understand the mechanism of the response of crops to disasters and environmental stress and adopt reasonable coping strategies have attracted wide attention. Although a lot of researches related to the above-mentioned issues have been carried out, there are still many mechanisms and rules that are not clearly revealed and need to be further investigated.

Topics of interest for the Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • The long-term impacts of climate change and agro-meteorological disasters on crop growth and agricultural production in the past and future;
  • The characteristics and mechanisms of the responses of physiological, morphological and phenological characteristics of crop to extreme environmental conditions;
  • The simulation of environmental responses of crop based on crop growth.

Dr. Fu Cai
Dr. Wenying Yu
Dr. Nina Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change
  • crop
  • agrometeorological disaster
  • grain output
  • growth and development
  • mechanism of effect of environmental condition
  • crop model
  • plant physiological process
  • morphological characteristics
  • phenology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3922 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Climate Change on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Early Frost in Maize Due to the Northeast Cold Vortex
by Zheng Chu, Lixia Jiang, Juqi Duan, Jingjin Gong, Qiujing Wang, Yanghui Ji and Jiajia Lv
Atmosphere 2024, 15(6), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15060694 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1129
Abstract
Agro-meteorological disasters are a significant cause of crop yield reduction. Northeast China is a major base for commodity grain production and is also highly sensitive to climate change. Early frost is one of the most significant meteorological disasters in Northeast China. The typical [...] Read more.
Agro-meteorological disasters are a significant cause of crop yield reduction. Northeast China is a major base for commodity grain production and is also highly sensitive to climate change. Early frost is one of the most significant meteorological disasters in Northeast China. The typical weather system serves as the primary meteorological cause of the occurrence of early frost. The Northeast Cold Vortex is a cyclonic system of certain intensity located in Northeast China, which has the potential to induce severe weather conditions such as extreme low temperatures and intense convection. Despite extensive research on the first occurrence of frost in Northeast China, the evolutionary characteristics under the combined influence of climate change and the Northeast Cold Vortex remain unclear. This limitation hinders the development of effective monitoring and early warning systems for early frost, as well as the formulation of disaster prevention and mitigation plans for crop production. Therefore, this study aims to objectively document the occurrence of early frost in maize crops in Northeast China from 1961 to 2021 under the influence of the Northeast Cold Vortex. It seeks to unveil the climatic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of early frost events in maize crops within this region, considering the impact of the Northeast Cold Vortex. Additionally, it endeavors to analyze the factors contributing to varying degrees of early frost caused by the Northeast Cold Vortex. The results showed that the occurrence of both early frost and frost influenced by the Northeast Cold Vortex exhibited a declining trend. Furthermore, there was also a decreasing proportion of initial frost attributed to the Northeast Cold Vortex, with a decline rate of 2% per decade, indicating a diminishing dominance of initial frost caused by this weather system. The onset date for the early frost under the influence of the Northeast Cold Vortex progressively advanced from southeast to northwest, occurring 4 days earlier than during the period from 1961 to 1990 between 1991 and 2021. While early frost displayed an increasing spatial distribution from southeast to northwest, it is noteworthy that the majority concentration of the Northeast Cold Vortex was observed in central regions, highlighting its predominant role in causing early frost in Northeast China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops)
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19 pages, 3856 KiB  
Article
Effects of Temperature on Growth and Grain Maturity of Spring Maize in Northeast China: A Study of Different Sowing Dates
by Lixia Jiang, Ming Wang, Zheng Chu, Yonggang Gao, Lifeng Guo, Shengtai Ji, Lanqi Jiang and Lijuan Gong
Atmosphere 2023, 14(12), 1755; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121755 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1866
Abstract
Situated at middle-to-high latitudes with limited thermal resources, Northeast China is the primary maize-producing region in China. It is also one of the regions most significantly impacted by climate change. Given the persistent impact of climate change, it is crucial to elucidate the [...] Read more.
Situated at middle-to-high latitudes with limited thermal resources, Northeast China is the primary maize-producing region in China. It is also one of the regions most significantly impacted by climate change. Given the persistent impact of climate change, it is crucial to elucidate the effects of the varying thermal conditions and low temperatures for different sowing dates on the growth, development, and grain maturity of spring maize. To ensure secure maize production and disaster prevention, choosing the optimal sowing time for spring maize holds significant implications for the judicious utilization of climatic resources, risk mitigation, and the provision of meteorological guidance. Moreover, it can serve as a technical reference for relevant departments to conduct climate evaluation, disaster monitoring, prediction, and assessment, as well as impact analysis of corn production safety. Additionally, it can provide meteorological evidence to ensure food security and promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. An interval sowing experiment of spring maize was conducted in Harbin in the north of Northeast China. Two varieties were used in the experiment. Four sowing dates were set, and the interval between adjacent sowing dates was 10 days. The local perennial sowing time, 5 May, was set as the second sowing date, with one date set later and two dates set earlier. During the experiment, the growth process, grain dry matter, seed moisture content, yield components, and temperature of spring maize were observed. The impact of temperature conditions on maize growth and yield formation was analyzed in this paper through mathematical statistics, which further led to the establishment of a monitoring and evaluation model for assessing the effect of thermal conditions and temperature on maize. The results showed that the growth rate of spring maize was closely related to temperature. When the average temperature, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature increased by 1 °C, the average emergence rate increased by 1.05%, 0.99%, and 1.07%, respectively, and the average vegetative growth rate increased by 0.16%, 0.16%, and 0.09%, respectively. The change rate of ≥10 °C active accumulated temperature was significantly correlated with the change rate of the dry weight of the grain kernel, which conformed to the quadratic equation of one variable. The temperature influence coefficients of different sowing dates varied from 1.0% to 1.7%. The relationship between the accumulated values of 10 ℃ active accumulated temperature and the grain moisture content of spring maize was a logarithmic function. From 10 to 50 days after anthesis, the effect of temperature can explain about 95% of the change in grain moisture content. After physiological maturity, the effect of thermal conditions can only explain 56–83%. The temperature influence coefficient ranges from 1.3% to 13.8%. Comparatively speaking, the second sowing date is the most suitable sowing date. Early sowing is prone to encounter low temperatures, resulting in underutilization of the early heat, while late sowing is prone to less heat. Both conditions are not conducive to better improve the yield of spring maize. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops)
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16 pages, 9608 KiB  
Article
Large-Scale Climate Factors of Compound Agrometeorological Disasters of Spring Maize in Liaoning, Northeast China
by Siwen Zhao, Ruipeng Ji, Saidi Wang, Xiaoou Li and Siyu Zhao
Atmosphere 2023, 14(9), 1414; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091414 - 8 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Co-occurring extreme heat, drought, and moisture events are increasing under global warming and pose serious threats to ecosystem and food security. However, how to effectively link compound agrometeorological disasters (CADs) with climate change has not been well assessed. In this study, we focus [...] Read more.
Co-occurring extreme heat, drought, and moisture events are increasing under global warming and pose serious threats to ecosystem and food security. However, how to effectively link compound agrometeorological disasters (CADs) with climate change has not been well assessed. In this study, we focus on the comprehensive influence of large-scale climate factors on CADs rather than extreme meteorological elements. The results indicate that there are two main CADs of spring maize in Shenyang, Northeast China (NEC), including concurrent drought and cold damage (DC) and drought in multiple growth periods (MD). The related circulation anomalies at mid–high latitudes are identified as four patterns, namely, the Northeast Asia Low (NEAL) and Ural High (UH) patterns affecting DC, the Baikal High and Okhotsk Low (BHOL), and the Northeast Asia High (NEAH) patterns leading to MD. The vertical profile and water vapor transport anomalies further demonstrate the influence mechanism of large-scale circulation on compound heat–moisture stresses. This study highlights the role of atmospheric circulation, which can provide effective predictors for these synergistic agrometeorological disasters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops)
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37 pages, 31365 KiB  
Article
Combined Effects of Heat and Drought Stress on the Growth Process and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Liaoning Province, China
by Wenying Yu, Ruipeng Ji, Jinwen Wu, Rui Feng, Na Mi and Nina Chen
Atmosphere 2023, 14(9), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091397 - 4 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
A method was put forward to identify the combined heat and drought (CHD) events that occurred in summer and affected spring maize in Liaoning province. The spatial and temporal characteristics of CHD and its effects on maize were evaluated based on daily meteorological [...] Read more.
A method was put forward to identify the combined heat and drought (CHD) events that occurred in summer and affected spring maize in Liaoning province. The spatial and temporal characteristics of CHD and its effects on maize were evaluated based on daily meteorological data at 52 meteorological stations in Liaoning from 1961 to 2020, as well as agricultural data including details of the maize development periods. The effects of CHD on the photosynthetic capacity of maize were evaluated using SIF remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020. The differences in maize photosynthetic capacity in the summers of 2009 and 2018 were compared in detail. The results show that from 1961 to 2020, the occurrence range, frequency, and severity of summer CHD events increased in Liaoning. CHD events were more frequent in June/July, and higher-intensity CHD events were more frequent in July/August. From 1961 to 2020, CHD events occurred in 69% of the years of reduced meteorological yield, and reduced meteorological yield occurred in 41% of the years with CHD events. Maize solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), an index of photosynthesis, was sensitive to temperature (negatively correlated) and precipitation (positively correlated). The CHD events slowed the increasing SIF from the three-leaf stage to the jointing stage, and they stopped the increasing SIF or decreased it at the tasseling–flowering to silking stages. Therefore, maize photosynthesis may be most sensitive to CHD during the flowering to silking stages, and CHD during the silking to milk stages may have the greatest impact on maize yield. Understanding the effects of CHD on maize growth/yield provides a scientific basis for reducing its negative impacts on maize production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops)
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12 pages, 2136 KiB  
Article
Effects of Elevated Surface Ozone Concentration on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics and Yield of Soybean Parents and Offspring
by Shihao Cheng, Yan Wang, Mingyu Sun, Jingyi Zheng, Xianjin Zhu and Tianhong Zhao
Atmosphere 2023, 14(9), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091368 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
Global climate change presents a significant threat to food security. Analyzing the effects of elevated ozone (O3) concentration on photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield addresses the damage of climate change on crops, which would serve food security. With open-top chambers (OTCs) [...] Read more.
Global climate change presents a significant threat to food security. Analyzing the effects of elevated ozone (O3) concentration on photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield addresses the damage of climate change on crops, which would serve food security. With open-top chambers (OTCs) and Tiefeng-29 soybeans, we investigated the responses of chlorophyll concentration, fluorescence characteristics, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and yield components to different O3 concentrations, which included CK (ambient concentration approximately 45 nL·L−1, T1 (80 ± 10) nL·L−1 and T2 (120 ± 10) nL·L−1 O3. The parent soybeans (S1) were planted in the current year, and O3 fumigation commenced 20 days after seedling emergence. Aeration was stopped at maturity, and the offspring soybeans (S2) were retained after harvest for further experiments. In the following year, S1 and S2 soybeans were planted, and O3 fumigation began 20 days after seedling emergence. The results show that leaf chlorophyll a (chla) and chlorophyll b (chlb) significantly decreased with longer O3 fumigation time both in parents and offspring, causing damage to the light-trapping ability while the offspring suffered an earlier decrease. The elevated O3 damaged the electron transfer process by significantly reducing the original and actual photochemical efficiencies of PSII both in parents and offspring. The electron transfer rate (ETR) of the parents and offspring decreased, while the difference between them was not significant after O3 treatment. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) showed an increasing trend along time but showed no significant difference between parents and offspring. An elevated concentration of O3 significantly reduced Pn, while the differences in Pn between the parents and the offspring were not significant. Elevated O3 resulted in reduced yields in both parent and offspring soybeans. Although it was found that the offspring soybeans exhibited higher yields than the parents, their reduction in yield was more significant. Therefore, elevated O3 concentration reduced soybean yield through damaging photosynthetic process and electron transfer capacity by impairing energy conversion and material accumulation capacity. The offspring had relatively higher light energy conversion efficiency than the parents, resulting in a higher yield than the parents under all treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change and Agro-meteorological Disasters on Crops)
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