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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2025) | Viewed by 3413

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Prof. Dr. Deog-Gyu Seo

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Guest Editor

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
Interests: bio-remineralization; hypersensitivity; cracked tooth; zirconia bonding; digital dentistry; wearable diagnostic equipment; laser disinfection; AI applications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite submissions for original research, reviews, and case studies exploring innovations in dental materials, instruments, and their novel applications. This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in the development, characterization, and clinical use of dental materials, instruments, and novel applications. Topics of interest include new restorative materials and instruments, adhesive technologies, dental ceramics, endodontic materials and instruments, and bioactive or antimicrobial materials and their applications. We also welcome studies on material performance, biocompatibility, and emerging applications in digital dentistry. This collection aims to highlight cutting-edge research that pushes the boundaries of dental science and enhances clinical outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Deog-Gyu Seo
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

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Keywords

dental materials
instruments
new applications
endodontic
restorative
digital dentistry

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 390 KB

Open AccessArticle

Marginal and Internal Fit of Zirconia Crowns with Varying Yttria Content and Finish Line Configurations: An In Vitro Study

by Dilan Gizem Doğan and Ömer Suat Yaluğ

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12440; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312440 - 24 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of three monolithic CAD/CAM zirconia ceramics with different Y-TZP contents, prepared with chamfer and rounded shoulder finish lines. Methods. Sixty monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 20) based on their yttria content: (1) multilayer zirconia consisting of a dentin layer of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and an incisal layer of 5 mol% partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ), (2) shade-gradient zirconia fully composed of 3Y-TZP, and (3) shade-gradient zirconia containing 4 mol% partially stabilized zirconia (4Y-PSZ). Each group was further divided into two finish line configurations (chamfer and rounded shoulder). Marginal and internal gaps were measured using the silicone replica technique under a stereomicroscope by a single operator. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Marginal and internal gaps were assessed using the silicone replica technique under a stereomicroscope by a single operator. Statistical analysis was performed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: The occlusal region exhibited the largest gap values, while the axial region showed the smallest across all groups. Mean marginal and internal gaps were 33.79 µm for chamfer and 43.37 µm for rounded shoulder finish lines. Zirconia with higher Y-TZP content demonstrated significantly greater gap values than those with lower percentages (p < 0.05). Significant interactions were found among finish line design, material type, and measurement region (p < 0.05), with rounded shoulder margins showing larger gaps (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Y-TZP content significantly affects marginal and internal adaptation, with higher percentages associated with increased gap values. Both finish line types produced clinically acceptable fits, although chamfer margins provided superior adaptation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Materials, Instruments, and Their New Applications)

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14 pages, 2822 KB

Open AccessArticle

Accuracy and Reliability of Smartphone Versus Mirrorless Camera Images-Assisted Digital Shade Guides: An In Vitro Study

by Soo Teng Chew, Suet Yeo Soo, Mohd Zulkifli Kassim, Khai Yin Lim and In Meei Tew

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 8070; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15148070 - 20 Jul 2025

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Abstract

Image-assisted digital shade guides are increasingly popular for shade matching; however, research on their accuracy remains limited. This study aimed to compare the accuracy and reliability of color coordination in image-assisted digital shade guides constructed using calibrated images of their shade tabs captured by a mirrorless camera (Canon, Tokyo, Japan) (MC-DSG) and a smartphone camera (Samsung, Seoul, Korea) (SC-DSG), using a spectrophotometer as the reference standard. Twenty-nine VITA Linearguide 3D-Master shade tabs were photographed under controlled settings with both cameras equipped with cross-polarizing filters. Images were calibrated using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). The L* (lightness), a* (red-green chromaticity), and b* (yellow-blue chromaticity) values, which represent the color attributes in the CIELAB color space, were computed at the middle third of each shade tab using Adobe Photoshop. Specifically, L* indicates the brightness of a color (ranging from black [0] to white [100]), a* denotes the position between red (+a*) and green (–a*), and b* represents the position between yellow (+b*) and blue (–b*). These values were used to quantify tooth shade and compare them to reference measurements obtained from a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Mean color differences (∆E₀₀) between MC-DSG and SC-DSG, relative to the spectrophotometer, were compared using a independent t-test. The ∆E₀₀ values were also evaluated against perceptibility (PT = 0.8) and acceptability (AT = 1.8) thresholds. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and group differences were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05). SC-DSG showed significantly lower ΔE₀₀ deviations than MC-DSG (p < 0.001), falling within acceptable clinical AT. The L* values from MC-DSG were significantly higher than SC-DSG (p = 0.024). All methods showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.9). The findings support the potential of smartphone image-assisted digital shade guides for accurate and reliable tooth shade assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Materials, Instruments, and Their New Applications)

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Review

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24 pages, 1409 KB

Open AccessReview

Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics: A Narrative Review of Biomechanical Foundations, Clinical Protocols, and Technological Advances

by Teodora Consuela Bungau, Ruxandra Cristina Marin, Adriana Țenț and Gabriela Ciavoi

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(24), 13035; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152413035 - 10 Dec 2025

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Abstract

Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have become integral in contemporary orthodontic biomechanics, providing reliable skeletal anchorage independent of dental support or patient compliance. This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence regarding TADs classification, design parameters, biomechanical principles, clinical insertion protocols, complication management, and technological innovations. We reviewed foundational literature and recent clinical studies with emphasis on factors affecting primary and secondary stability, including insertion torque, angulation, cortical bone characteristics, and soft-tissue considerations. Self-drilling techniques are generally preferred for maxillary sites, while pre-drilling remains indicated in dense mandibular bone to reduce thermal risk and torque overload. Clinical success is optimized when insertion torque is maintained between 5 and 10 N·cm and site-specific anatomy is respected. Reported survival rates exceed 85–95% when proper protocols are followed. While TADs are associated with relatively low complication rates, failures are usually early and linked to excessive torque, poor hygiene, or inflammation. New technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography-guided placement, 3D-printed surgical guides, and AI-based planning tools offer promising avenues for safer and more individualized treatment. In conclusion, TADs represent a predictable and versatile option for skeletal anchorage in orthodontics, provided that mechanical design, biological adaptation, and clinical handling are coherently integrated into patient-specific strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Materials, Instruments, and Their New Applications)

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