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Applied Sciences
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Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer
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Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2021) | Viewed by 14378

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ching-Jenq Ho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
Interests: functional thermal fluids; solid–liquid phase change heat transfer; forced/natural convection; heat transfer enhancement; thermal management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chi-Ming Lai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Interests: energy-efficient buildings; green building design; building energy analysis; application of renewable energies in buildings; HVAC; heat transfer; phase change materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As guest editors, we are pleased to inform you about the Special Issue in the Journal of Applied Sciences with an Impact Factor of 2.474 by MDPI. The objective of this Special Issue (SI) is to encourage researchers, engineers, and scientists to present their latest innovative ideas, methods and results, and visions of the future related to the applications of various nanofluids in heat transfer problems, including (but not limited to) enhancement in various heat transfer modes, thermal management effectiveness in various heat exchange systems, thermal efficiency improvement in various energy conversion systems, thermal energy storage system, and so on. The existing literature indicates that studies on these topics are still limited. In order to fill this gap, researchers are invited to contribute their original research and review papers in these topics. Both experimental and numerical studies are welcomed. Details about this Special Issue are provided below. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website.

Yours sincerely,

Prof. Dr. Ching-Jenq Ho
Prof. Dr. Chi-Ming Lai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nanofluids
  • Preparation and thermophysical properties
  • Heat transfer enhancement
  • Thermal management effectiveness
  • Thermal energy storage
  • Innovative applications

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7589 KiB  
Article
Entropy Generation and MHD Convection within an Inclined Trapezoidal Heated by Triangular Fin and Filled by a Variable Porous Media
by Ahmad Almuhtady, Muflih Alhazmi, Wael Al-Kouz, Zehba A. S. Raizah and Sameh E. Ahmed
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1951; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041951 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1674
Abstract
Analyses of the entropy of a thermal system that consists of an inclined trapezoidal geometry heated by a triangular fin are performed. The domain is filled by variable porosity and permeability porous materials and the working mixture is Al2O3-Cu [...] Read more.
Analyses of the entropy of a thermal system that consists of an inclined trapezoidal geometry heated by a triangular fin are performed. The domain is filled by variable porosity and permeability porous materials and the working mixture is Al2O3-Cu hybrid nanofluids. The porosity is varied exponentially with the smallest distance to the nearest wall and the permeability is depending on the particle diameter. Because of using the two energy equations model (LTNEM), sources of the entropy are entropy due to the transfer of heat of the fluid phase, entropy due to the fluid friction and entropy due to the porous phase transfer of heat. A computational domain with new coordinates (ξ,η) is created and Finite Volume Method (FVM) in case of the non-orthogonal grids is used to solve the resulting system. Various simulations for different values of the inclination angle, Hartmann number and alumina-copper concentration are carried out and the outcomes are presented in terms of streamlines, temperature, fluid friction entropy and Bejan number. It is remarkable that the increase in the inclination angle causes a diminishing of the heat transfer rate. Additionally, the irreversibility due to the temperature gradients is dominant near the heated fins, regardless of the values of the Hartmann number. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer)
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18 pages, 12452 KiB  
Article
Effects of Wall Properties on Temperature-Control Effectiveness of Heating Section in a Thermosiphon Containing PCM Suspensions
by Ching-Jenq Ho, Shih-Ming Lin, Rong-Horng Chen and Chi-Ming Lai
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6211; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186211 - 07 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1719
Abstract
This article considers the problem of natural heat transfer in a rectangular thermosiphon to investigate the effects of wall properties (thickness and thermal conductivity) on the heat-transfer characteristics of phase-change-material (PCM) suspension flow. The following parameter ranges were investigated: dimensionless loop-wall thickness, 0–0.5; [...] Read more.
This article considers the problem of natural heat transfer in a rectangular thermosiphon to investigate the effects of wall properties (thickness and thermal conductivity) on the heat-transfer characteristics of phase-change-material (PCM) suspension flow. The following parameter ranges were investigated: dimensionless loop-wall thickness, 0–0.5; wall-to-fluid thermal-conductivity ratio, 0.1–100; modified Rayleigh number, 1010–1011; and volumetric fraction of PCM particles, 0–10%. From numerical simulations via the finite-volume approach, it was found that using a pipe with appropriate wall thickness and thermal conductivity containing PCM suspensions for the heating section of a rectangular thermosiphon can effectively control the maximal temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer)
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24 pages, 3638 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Coiled Flow Inverter Using TiO2–Water Nanofluids
by Barbara Arevalo-Torres, Jose L. Lopez-Salinas and Alejandro J. García-Cuéllar
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5225; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155225 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2611
Abstract
The curved geometry of a coiled flow inverter (CFI) promotes chaotic mixing through a combination of coils and bends. Besides the heat exchanger geometry, the heat transfer can be enhanced by improving the thermophysical properties of the working fluid. In this work, aqueous [...] Read more.
The curved geometry of a coiled flow inverter (CFI) promotes chaotic mixing through a combination of coils and bends. Besides the heat exchanger geometry, the heat transfer can be enhanced by improving the thermophysical properties of the working fluid. In this work, aqueous solutions of dispersed TiO2 nanometer-sized particles (i.e., nanofluids) were prepared and characterized, and their effects on heat transfer were experimentally investigated in a CFI heat exchanger inserted in a forced convective thermal loop. The physical and transport properties of the nanofluids were measured within the temperature and volume concentration domains. The convective heat transfer coefficients were obtained at Reynolds numbers (NRe) and TiO2 nanoparticle volume concentrations ranging from 1400 to 9500 and 0–1.5 v/v%, respectively. The Nusselt number (NNu) in the CFI containing 1.0 v/v% nanofluid was 41–52% higher than in the CFI containing pure base fluid (i.e., water), while the 1.5 v/v% nanofluid increased the NNu by 4–8% compared to water. Two new correlations to predict the NNu of TiO2–water nanofluids in the CFI at Reynolds numbers of 1400 ≤ NRe ≤ 9500 and nanoparticle volume concentrations ranges of 0.2–1.0 v/v% and 0.2–1.5 v/v% are proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer)
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19 pages, 6247 KiB  
Article
Multiple Fractional Solutions for Magnetic Bio-Nanofluid Using Oldroyd-B Model in a Porous Medium with Ramped Wall Heating and Variable Velocity
by Muhammad Saqib, Ilyas Khan, Yu-Ming Chu, Ahmad Qushairi, Sharidan Shafie and Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3886; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113886 - 03 Jun 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3149
Abstract
Three different fractional models of Oldroyd-B fluid are considered in this work. Blood is taken as a special example of Oldroyd-B fluid (base fluid) with the suspension of gold nanoparticles, making the solution a biomagnetic non-Newtonian nanofluid. Based on three different definitions of [...] Read more.
Three different fractional models of Oldroyd-B fluid are considered in this work. Blood is taken as a special example of Oldroyd-B fluid (base fluid) with the suspension of gold nanoparticles, making the solution a biomagnetic non-Newtonian nanofluid. Based on three different definitions of fractional operators, three different models of the resulting nanofluid are developed. These three operators are based on the definitions of Caputo (C), Caputo–Fabrizio (CF), and Atnagana–Baleanu in the Caputo sense (ABC). Nanofluid is taken over an upright plate with ramped wall heating and time-dependent fluid velocity at the sidewall. The effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and porous medium are also considered. Triple fractional analysis is performed to solve the resulting three models, based on three different fractional operators. The Laplace transform is applied to each problem separately, and Zakian’s numerical algorithm is used for the Laplace inversion. The solutions are presented in various graphs with physical arguments. Results are computed and shown in various plots. The empirical results indicate that, for ramped temperature, the temperature field is highest for the ABC derivative, followed by the CF and Caputo fractional derivatives. In contrast, for isothermal temperature, the temperature field of C-derivative is higher than the CF and ABC derivatives, respectively. It was noticed that the velocity field for the ABC derivative is higher than the CF and Caputo fractional derivatives for ramped velocity. However, the velocity field for the Caputo fractional derivative is lower than the ABC and CF for isothermal velocity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer)
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21 pages, 9442 KiB  
Article
Entropy Generation in MHD Second-Grade Nanofluid Thin Film Flow Containing CNTs with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model Past an Unsteady Stretching Sheet
by Zahir Shah, Ebraheem O. Alzahrani, Abdullah Dawar, Wajdi Alghamdi and Malik Zaka Ullah
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2720; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082720 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
Entropy generation plays a significant role in several complex processes, extending from cosmology to biology. The entropy generation minimization procedure can be applied for the optimization of mechanical systems including heat exchangers, elements of nuclear and thermal power plants, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. [...] Read more.
Entropy generation plays a significant role in several complex processes, extending from cosmology to biology. The entropy generation minimization procedure can be applied for the optimization of mechanical systems including heat exchangers, elements of nuclear and thermal power plants, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. In order to present our analysis, entropy generation in a thin film flow of second grade nanofluid holding single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model is studied in this article. The flow is considered passing a linearly extending surface. A variable magnetic field with aligned angle ε is functioned along the extending sheet. With the aid of the homotopy analysis method (HAM), the fluid flow model is elucidated. The impressions of embedded factors on the flow are obtainable through figures and discussed in detail. It is observed that the velocity profile escalated with the increasing values of volume fraction of nanoparticles and second grade fluid parameter. The higher values of volume fraction of nanoparticles, second grade fluid parameter, non-linear heat source/sink, and thermal radiation parameter intensified the temperature profile. Surface drag force escalated with heightening values of nanoparticles volume fraction, unsteadiness, film thickness, magnetic, and second grade fluid parameters. Entropy generation increased with enhancing values of magnetic parameter, Brinkman number, and Reynolds number. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer)
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11 pages, 1302 KiB  
Article
Evaporation of Water/Alumina Nanofluid Film by Mixed Convection Inside Heated Vertical Channel
by A. Belhadj Mohamed, Walid Hdidi and Iskander Tlili
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(7), 2380; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072380 - 31 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1824
Abstract
In industrial devices like heat recovery systems, heat pumps, as well as symmetric and complex engineering systems, a nano fluid mixture is used. Regarding the nature of the energy sources (thermal or thermal and electrical), many physical systems could represent possible applications in [...] Read more.
In industrial devices like heat recovery systems, heat pumps, as well as symmetric and complex engineering systems, a nano fluid mixture is used. Regarding the nature of the energy sources (thermal or thermal and electrical), many physical systems could represent possible applications in manufactural activities. The presence of nanoparticles inside a solvent is of great interest in order to optimize the efficacy of the nano-technology systems. The present work deals with heat and mass transfer through a vertical channel where an alumina/water film mixture flows on one of its plates. For simulation, we use a numerical method under mixed convection during water/alumina nano fluid evaporation. We heat the flown plate uniformly while the other is dry and exchange heat with a constant coefficient. The gas mixture enters channel with a constant profile. Results show that an augmentation of the volume rate of the nanoparticle disadvantages evaporation if the heating is absent. Otherwise, if the heating exists, an increasing volume rate of the nanoparticle advantages evaporation. We found also that the film velocity behavior when the volume rate of the nanoparticle varies, independent of the heating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluids Application in Heat Transfer)
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