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Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition
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Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2025) | Viewed by 7571

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sung-Min Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
Interests: geographic information system; remote sensing; machine learning; mine reclamation; mineral exploration; hot spot analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jangwon Suh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
Interests: GIS for energy resources; mine hazards; mine reclamation; geospatial predictive mapping; geostatistics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue entitled “Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards”.

We are seeking submissions for a new Special Issue entitled “Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition”.

Geohazards (geological hazards), which refers to the risk of damage that can be caused by geological processes, include landslides, earthquakes, subsidence, volcanoes, tsunamis, mining hazards, etc. Although geohazards can cause great damage to the natural environment and humans, it is not easy to identify the signs of most geohazards before they occur. Therefore, in order to predict and deal with these geological accidents in advance, it is necessary to monitor changes in the geological environment and evaluate the possibility of their occurrence. Spaceborne, airborne, and ground-based sensors can be used for observation purposes. The evaluation of hazardous areas based on monitoring data is an important topic of research for this Special Issue. Recently, various data-driven approaches have been used to evaluate geohazards. Depending on the type of geohazards, their impact may be local or extensive. Therefore, it is very important to visualize them effectively. GIS-based geographic visualization and 3D visualization technologies based on virtual reality and augmented reality are also within the scope of this Special Issue.

For this Special Issue, we invite submissions exploring cutting-edge research and recent advances in the field of geohazards. Both theoretical and experimental studies are welcome, as are comprehensive reviews and survey papers.

This Special Issue will cover a broad spectrum of topics, including (but not limited to) the following:

  • Geohazards—landslides, earthquakes, ground subsidence, volcanoes, tsunamis, mining hazards;
  • Monitoring—remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), ground-based sensors;
  • Evaluation—geospatial analysis, machine learning, numerical analysis;
  • Visualization—Geographic information systems (GISs), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR).

Dr. Sung-Min Kim
Dr. Jangwon Suh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • geohazards
  • landslides
  • earthquakes
  • ground subsidence
  • mining hazards
  • geographic information system
  • machine learning
  • remote sensing
  • Internet of Things
  • big data

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 44845 KiB  
Article
An MT-InSAR-Based Procedure for Detecting and Interpreting Vertical Ground Deformation Anomalies During Phases of Unrest at Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy
by Fabio Matano, Annarita Casaburi and Giuseppe De Natale
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 3344; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063344 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 2765
Abstract
Active volcanic calderas often experience significant ground deformation, characterized by uplift and subsidence, typically with a radial or elliptical pattern centered on the caldera. However, the detection of small second-order anomalies within the main deformation pattern can provide critical insight into impending eruptions [...] Read more.
Active volcanic calderas often experience significant ground deformation, characterized by uplift and subsidence, typically with a radial or elliptical pattern centered on the caldera. However, the detection of small second-order anomalies within the main deformation pattern can provide critical insight into impending eruptions and/or hazardous structural and volcano-tectonic features. In this study, we present a simple but novel method for detecting and interpreting second-order deformation anomalies at Campi Flegrei caldera by filtering the primary, radial deformation signal observed during volcanic unrest phases. For this purpose, we used a procedure based on the polynomial fit of vertical displacement data, assuming that they depend only on the distance from the deformation center. By subtracting the best fitting radial deformation from the observed vertical displacement, we generated an anomaly map that highlights sectors with unexpected deformation patterns. We applied the proposed procedure to analyze the ground deformation at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) that occurred from 2016 to 2021, by using MT-InSAR data from Sentinel-1. Coeval GPS datasets were also used for cross-checking the obtained results. The results of this analysis show a pronounced NE-SW alignment that separates sectors with different uplift trends. It highlights a primary volcano-tectonic structure potentially linked to high seismic hazard. This method, after further investigation, can provide a valuable tool for improving hazard assessment and understanding the structural dynamics of calderas during unrest phases, with implications for improving preparedness in densely populated volcanic regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 12429 KiB  
Article
Influence of Accumulated Geotechnical Deterioration on Semi-Detailed Scale Landslide Phenomena: Cortinas Sector, Toledo, Colombia
by Carlos Andrés Buenahora Ballesteros, Antonio Miguel Martínez-Graña and Mariano Yenes
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11766; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411766 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 546
Abstract
In the initial investigations of hazard assessment for the Cortinas sector at a 1:25,000 scale, researchers validated the hypothesis that the terrain must be under specific magnitudes of conditioning factors for an instability event to occur, which does not depend only on certain [...] Read more.
In the initial investigations of hazard assessment for the Cortinas sector at a 1:25,000 scale, researchers validated the hypothesis that the terrain must be under specific magnitudes of conditioning factors for an instability event to occur, which does not depend only on certain critical thresholds of rainfall and earthquakes. This process was termed accumulated geotechnical deterioration (AGD). A larger-scale analysis of geotechnical criteria was conducted based on data obtained from direct exploration and geophysics, examining conditions prior to slope failure, immediately after failure, and several years later. The results showed that, indeed, the terrain experienced an increase in deterioration that, under the influence of a critical rainfall event, led to failure; however, the stability of the terrain later recovered to the point that failure did not occur under similar rainfall events. In accordance with this, a novel method of analysis is established herein at a 1:5000 scale, which uses AGD to predict instability events by calculating the safety factor derived from the application of the infinite slope formula in a GIS framework. By incorporating specific variables and field measurements, a better approximation for the prediction of an instability event can be achieved. This study identifies the innovative factors of this method and provides a baseline for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 5773 KiB  
Article
Advanced Scanning Technology for Volume Change Measurement of Residual Soil
by Saltanat Orazayeva, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Yongmin Kim, Harianto Rahardjo, Zhai Qian, Sung-Woo Moon and Jong Kim
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 10938; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310938 - 25 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 934
Abstract
Weathering processes of rocks lead to the formation of residual soil layers, which are typically characterized by a deep groundwater table and a thick unsaturated zone. Hence, the calculation of a slope’s safety factor under the influences of climatic circumstances is a function [...] Read more.
Weathering processes of rocks lead to the formation of residual soil layers, which are typically characterized by a deep groundwater table and a thick unsaturated zone. Hence, the calculation of a slope’s safety factor under the influences of climatic circumstances is a function of unsaturated characteristics, such as the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC). To determine the SWCC, the volume of the soil specimen must be determined in order to compute the void ratio and degree of saturation. The drying processes of the soil specimen led to uneven soil volume change during laboratory SWCC testing, demanding the development of a soil shrinkage curve. Several methods for measuring soil volume change have been developed over the years. However, there are significant limitations, and it is rarely used due to the difficulty linked to accurately measuring the soil volume during drying processes. In this study, a revised scanning approach is developed to evaluate residual soil volume change utilizing 3D scanning technology. The proposed method is applied in a case study on residual soil from the Old Alluvium in Singapore. The laboratory data and analysis results suggested that 3D scanning technology should be required to provide a correct estimation of the air-entry value of soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 9715 KiB  
Article
Potential and Limitations of the New European Ground Motion Service in Landslides at a Local Scale
by José Cuervas-Mons, María José Domínguez-Cuesta and Montserrat Jiménez-Sánchez
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7796; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177796 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1330
Abstract
Mass movements represent one of the most significant geohazards worldwide. The aim of this research is to highlight the potential and limitations of the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) in detecting and monitoring mass movements at a local scale, especially in cases where [...] Read more.
Mass movements represent one of the most significant geohazards worldwide. The aim of this research is to highlight the potential and limitations of the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) in detecting and monitoring mass movements at a local scale, especially in cases where data from in situ instrumental devices are unavailable. The study area corresponds to the La Miera landslide, located in Asturias (NW Spain). The multidisciplinary methodology applied involved the following steps: (1) downloading, acquiring, and analyzing Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR datasets (2015–2021) through the EGMS; (2) conducting a detailed geomorphological map and identifying evidence of movement; (3) classifying building damage by means of a damage inventory; (4) compiling and analyzing daily rainfall records with respect to deformation time series. Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR results revealed maximum LOS and East–West velocities of −11.6 and −7.9 mm/yr related to the landslide activity. Geomorphological mapping allowed for the updating of the landslide boundaries and its characterization as an active, complex movement. Registered building damage, which ranged from moderate to serious, was correlated with LOS and East–West velocities. The displacement recorded by the EGMS closely corresponds with rainfall periods, while periods of reduced rainfall coincide with the stabilization and recovery phases of displacement. This emphasizes a noteworthy quantitative correlation between rainfall events and EGMS data, evident both spatially and temporally. This work highlights that areas in which the EGMS data indicate deformation but lack in situ instrumental records, geomorphological techniques, and building damage surveys can provide spatial validation of the EGMS displacement, while rainfall records can provide temporal validation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 22346 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Soil Moisture Change and Geological Disasters in E’bian Area (Sichuan, China)
by Hongyi Guo and Antonio Miguel Martínez-Graña
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6685; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156685 - 31 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1275
Abstract
E’bian Yi Autonomous County is a mineral-rich area located in a complex geological structure zone. The region experiences frequent geological disasters due to concentrated rainfall, steep terrain, and uneven vegetation cover. In particular, during the rainy season, large amounts of rainwater rapidly accumulate, [...] Read more.
E’bian Yi Autonomous County is a mineral-rich area located in a complex geological structure zone. The region experiences frequent geological disasters due to concentrated rainfall, steep terrain, and uneven vegetation cover. In particular, during the rainy season, large amounts of rainwater rapidly accumulate, increasing soil moisture and slope pressure, making landslides and debris flows more likely. Additionally, human activities such as mining, road construction, and building can alter the original geological structure, exacerbating the risk of geological disasters. According to publicly available data from the Leshan government, various types of geological disasters occurred in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023, resulting in economic losses and casualties. Although some studies have focused on geological disaster issues in E’bian, these studies are often limited to specific areas or types of disasters and lack comprehensive spatial and temporal analysis. Furthermore, due to constraints in technology, funding, and manpower, geophysical exploration, field geological exploration, and environmental ecological investigations have been challenging to carry out comprehensively, leading to insufficient and unsystematic data collection. To provide data support and monitoring for regional territorial spatial planning and geological disaster prevention and control, this paper proposes a new method to study the correlation between soil moisture changes and geological disasters. Six high-resolution Landsat remote sensing images were used as the main data sources to process the image band data, and terrain factors were extracted and classified using a digital elevation model (DEM). Meanwhile, a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index–Land Surface Temperature (NDVI-LST) feature space was constructed. The Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI) was calculated to analyze the variation trend and influencing factors of soil moisture in the study area. The research results showed that the variation in soil moisture in the study area was relatively stable, and the overall soil moisture content was high (0.18 < TVDI < 0.33). However, due to the large variation in topographic relief, it could provide power and be a source basis for geological disasters such as landslide and collapse, so the inversion value of TVDI was small. The minimum and maximum values of the correlation coefficient (R2) were 0.60 and 0.72, respectively, indicating that the surface water content was relatively large, which was in good agreement with the calculated results of vegetation coverage and conducive to the restoration of ecological stability. In general, based on the characteristics of remote sensing technology and the division of soil moisture critical values, the promoting and hindering effects of soil moisture on geological hazards can be accurately described, and the research results can provide effective guidance for the prevention and control of geological hazards in this region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Visualization: Evaluation and Monitoring of Geohazards—2nd Edition)
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