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Applied Sciences
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Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules
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Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 August 2024) | Viewed by 23739

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Fabien Salaün

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
ENSAIT, ULR 2461 - GEMTEX - Génie et Matériaux Textiles, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
Interests: polymer and materials synthesis; microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation of active substances; surface functionalization for enhanced textile properties; thermal comfort; melt spinning; fibers; development of new synthetic methodologies and strategies for the design of new materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microencapsulated systems based on polymers or inorganic shell and active substances have emerged as good candidates for a broad range of applications.

The design of microparticles as a “smart” polymeric system has drawn increasing interest over the last few years due to their considerable potential when it comes to protecting different types of active agents in widely varied application fields, such as medicine, biomedical, pharmaceutical, textile, agricultural, food, and printing. The recent progress in controlled microencapsulation techniques has greatly facilitated the synthesis of well-defined microcapsules with a tailored functionality. Microcapsule shells and their functionality may finally be used to modulate surface functions. All these benefits are currently fully exploited for new tailored microparticles, for applications in drug delivery, self-healing, thermal energy storage, flame retardancy, cosmetics, functional coating, and material science, where they are used for the design of functional, responsive, or high-added-value materials.

This Special Issue is motivated by the observed increasing interest shown by various research groups in this field. Thus, considering your prominent contribution to this interesting research topic, I would like to cordially invite you to submit an article to this Special Issue. This Special Issue will publish full research papers, communications, and review articles. It will offer a global vision of researchers from universities, research centers, and industry worldwide working on microencapsulation and share the latest results in synthesis and characterization, as well as applications in basic and industrial processes. My goal is to collect comprehensive reviews from leading experts and up-to-date research from notable groups in the community, which will hopefully serve as a useful source of information for researchers. 

Prof. Dr. Fabien Salaün
Collection Editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Microencapsulation process and characterization
  • Nanoencapsulation process and characterization
  • Coating process of encapsulated materials
  • Colloid and formulations
  • Encapsulation in layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte films
  • Sol–gel chemistry
  • Emulsion-based processes (phase coacervation, interfacial polymerization, in situ polymerization, liposomes, solvent evaporation, etc.)
  • Encapsulation in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics, food, and textile fields, among others
  • Hydrogels, polymers, sol–gel glasses, inorganic–organic hydrid materials, porous materials, multifunctional particles, micro and nanocapsules, and other host matrices and materials supports of interest
  • Functional coating

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2149 KiB  
Article
Timed-Release Silica Microcapsules for Consistent Fragrance Release in Topical Formulations
by Junseok Yeom, Minseo Kang, Areum Goh, Jeonghoon Jeon, Woo Sun Shim and Nae Gyu Kang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11308; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311308 - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2352
Abstract
Microcapsules are widely utilized in various applications to preserve active ingredients for prolonged durations while enabling controlled release. However, limited release of active ingredients often hampers their effectiveness in daily-use products. In this study, we demonstrated the synthesis of silica core–shell microcapsules designed [...] Read more.
Microcapsules are widely utilized in various applications to preserve active ingredients for prolonged durations while enabling controlled release. However, limited release of active ingredients often hampers their effectiveness in daily-use products. In this study, we demonstrated the synthesis of silica core–shell microcapsules designed for controlled fragrance release in topical formulations. The microcapsules were synthesized via the sol–gel polymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) on the surface of an oil/water emulsion, leveraging the shrinkage and deformation characteristics of sol–gel-derived silica during drying. The concentrations of dipalmitoylethyl dimethylammonium chloride, a cationic emulsifier used in cosmetics, and TEOS were optimized to sustain fragrance release for up to 24 h after topical application. An additional silica coating on the microcapsules reduced the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area by 76.54%, enhancing fragrance stability for long-term storage. The timed-release behavior was assessed using fragrance evaluation tests and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The fragrance intensity and release profiles confirmed the potential of these microcapsules in daily-use cosmetics. These findings suggest that silica microcapsules with extended-release properties have application potential in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules)
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13 pages, 3051 KiB  
Article
Eco-Friendly Silica Microcapsules with Improved Fragrance Retention
by Junseok Yeom, Woo Sun Shim and Nae Gyu Kang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6759; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136759 - 4 Jul 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5106
Abstract
Microcapsules are employed extensively in various applications; however, most are composed of synthetic plastics. Thus, substitution of their component materials is essential to prevent environmental problems associated with primary microplastics. Herein, we report the synthesis of eco-friendly silica core–shell microcapsules for fragrance retention. [...] Read more.
Microcapsules are employed extensively in various applications; however, most are composed of synthetic plastics. Thus, substitution of their component materials is essential to prevent environmental problems associated with primary microplastics. Herein, we report the synthesis of eco-friendly silica core–shell microcapsules for fragrance retention. The silica shell was prepared via oil/water emulsion template synthesis using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), which was added to the immature silica microcapsules prior to complete formation of primary silica shells to promote seeded growth for further reaction of silica. The thickness of the silica shell increased from 42.29 to 70.03 nm, while the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and internal pore area decreased from 155.16 and 30.08 m2/g to 92.28 and 5.36 m2/g, respectively. The silica microcapsules with lower surface areas retained fragrance for more than 80 days, even in a harsh environment of 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 60 °C, whereas the fragrance compound in those without additional TEOS treatment was completely released within seven days. Practical qualitative evaluation of fragrance was also performed for application in fragrance delivery because of the enhanced long-term fragrance retention ability. Our findings show the widespread potential of microcapsules synthesized from eco-friendly materials in industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules)
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13 pages, 4047 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Nanoparticle-Loaded Microbubbles via an Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Process
by Xin-Bin Nie, Yong Wang, Xiong Ran, Ji-Chuan Wu, Ran Wei and Wei-Cheng Yan
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3621; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073621 - 2 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2937
Abstract
Microbubbles have been widely used in many research fields due to their outstanding physicochemical properties and unique structural characteristics, especially as ultrasonic contrast agents and drug delivery carriers. However, the stability of conventional microbubbles is generally poor, which limits the development of their [...] Read more.
Microbubbles have been widely used in many research fields due to their outstanding physicochemical properties and unique structural characteristics, especially as ultrasonic contrast agents and drug delivery carriers. However, the stability of conventional microbubbles is generally poor, which limits the development of their applications. Loading nanoparticle to microbubbles has great potential in enhancing the stability of microbubbles. This paper reports for the first time the feasibility of one-step preparation of nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles by coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the model material of the bubble shell layer to study the effect of the loading of nanoparticles on the stability of microbubbles. The results show that the concentration of nanoparticles has a significant impact on the stability of microbubbles, and loading an appropriate amount of nanoparticles is helpful in improving the stability of microbubbles. The results also show that nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles with a size distribution in the range of 120–200 μm can be prepared under optimal conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules)
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10 pages, 2991 KiB  
Article
Preparation of an Oxygen-Releasing Capsule for Large-Sized Tissue Regeneration
by Jeongyeon Choi, So Young Chun, Tae Gyun Kwon and Jeong Ok Lim
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8399; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238399 - 25 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3551
Abstract
Sufficient oxygenation for prevention of cellular damage remains a critical barrier to successful tissue engineering, especially in the construction of a large-sized tissue despite numerous attempts to resolve this issue in recent years. There have been a number of hypothetical solutions to this [...] Read more.
Sufficient oxygenation for prevention of cellular damage remains a critical barrier to successful tissue engineering, especially in the construction of a large-sized tissue despite numerous attempts to resolve this issue in recent years. There have been a number of hypothetical solutions to this problem, including the use of artificial oxygen carriers, induction of vascularization, and fabrication of oxygen-generating biomaterials. All of these efforts have improved the efficiency of oxygen supply, but none have been able to support the large tissue mass required for clinical application. Necrosis, which often occurs during hypoxic stress, is one of the most significant limitations in large-sized tissue regeneration. In this study, we developed an oxygen producing capsule using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and alginate, and also evaluated the capsule as a model of a large-sized tissue. Firstly, H2O2 was microencapsulated by PLGA, and subsequently the H2O2-PLGA microspheres were embedded into a catalase-immobilized alginate capsule of 5.0 mm in diameter. The alginate capsules of a fairly large size were characterized for their oxygenation capability to cells embedded such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by HIF-1α and VEGF expression. The results of this study confirmed that in the oxygen-releasing capsule composed of H2O2 polymeric microspheres and catalase-bound alginate, HUVEC cells successfully survived in the hypoxic state. These results demonstrated that our oxygen producing system containing H2O2-PLGA microspheres could be a useful oxygenating biomaterial for engineering large-sized tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules)
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Review

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34 pages, 26862 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials Synthesis for Low-Temperature Energy Storage Applications
by Ghada Ben Hamad, Zohir Younsi, Hassane Naji and Fabien Salaün
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11900; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411900 - 14 Dec 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 8433
Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCMs) is an innovative approach to meet the growth of energy demand. Microencapsulation techniques lead to overcoming some drawbacks of PCMs and enhancing their performances. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies dealing with [...] Read more.
Thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCMs) is an innovative approach to meet the growth of energy demand. Microencapsulation techniques lead to overcoming some drawbacks of PCMs and enhancing their performances. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies dealing with PCMs properties and their encapsulation techniques. Thus, it is essential to critically examine the existing techniques and their compatibility with different types of PCMs, coating materials, and the area of application. The main objective of this review is to describe each microencapsulation process and to determine different factors that influence the performance of resulting microcapsules. Microencapsulation efficiency, as well as the limitation of each technique, are investigated, and optimum operating conditions of each process are highlighted. Furthermore, up-to-date studies of multifunctional PCMs microcapsules development with enhanced performances and new application directions are also presented. This review aims to be a useful guide for future researches dealing with low thermal energy storage applications of PCMs microcapsules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Microcapsules)
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