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Applied Sciences
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Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics
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Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 17193

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cinzia Maspero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
2. Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
Interests: craniofacial growth; orthodontic treatment; pediatric dentistry; craniofacial orthopedics; digital dentistry; oral health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea Abate

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
2. Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
Interests: maxillary expansion; early treatments; three-dimensional imaging; juvenile idiophatic arthtiris
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valentina Lanteri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
2. Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
Interests: interceptive orthodontics; maxillary expansion; orthodontic treatment; functional orthodontic appliances; growing subjects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue concerning new approaches in orthodontics in craniofacial orthopedics.

Balanced facial form and functions are derived from a harmonious integration of the various components of the craniofacial complex. These components grow and develop throughout life in a sequential, predictable, and orderly fashion, albeit with a wide range of variation in the amount and timing of growth.

Functional orthopedic procedures are often used to modify the growth pattern in a growing patient. Such alterations are indeed feasible through appropriate treatment procedures.

Owing to the ongoing research efforts in this regard, new concepts are emerging in directing and redirecting tissue growth and can be successfully applied to the craniofacial complex.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide available evidence-based data regarding innovative advances and knowledge in craniofacial orthopedics as well as to present the recent therapeutic developments in the interceptive orthodontics field.

In this Special Issue entitled “Recent Developments in Orthodontics in Craniofacial Orthopedics”, we will explore the most recent orthopedic–orthodontic therapies in growing patients and in adult subjects for the management of craniofacial anomalies. In this regard, clinical studies with the aim of proposing new techniques and approaches in this specific field as well as reviews of the literature (narrative reviews and systematic reviews) are welcome. Case reports and case series, involving the above topics, will also be considered.

Prof. Cinzia Maspero
Dr. Andrea Abate
Prof. Valentina Lanteri
Guest Editors

 

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • orthodontics
  • interceptive orthodontics
  • growing subjects
  • craniofacial malformations from childhood to adulthood
  • dentofacial orthopedics
  • maxillary expansion
  • miniscrew-assisted maxillary skeletal expansion
  • early treatment
  • digital dentistry
  • dental imaging
  • elastodontic therapy
  • juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • oral health

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 199 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics
by Cinzia Maspero, Andrea Abate and Valentina Lanteri
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4436; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094436 - 27 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1156
Abstract
This Special Issue was proposed with the aim of highlighting the recent developments in orthodontics on craniofacial orthopedics [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics)

Research

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11 pages, 6185 KiB  
Article
Digital Photoelastic Analysis of TAD-Supported Maxillary Arch Distalization
by Yasushi Nishii, Glenn T. Sameshima and Chie Tachiki
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1949; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041949 - 13 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1591
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the distribution of compressional and tensional stress around tooth roots is influenced by the position of a temporary anchorage device and the length of the retraction hook during the distalization of the maxillary dentition. [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the distribution of compressional and tensional stress around tooth roots is influenced by the position of a temporary anchorage device and the length of the retraction hook during the distalization of the maxillary dentition. A photoelastic orthodontic model was made of photoelastic epoxy resin. Six combinations of three retraction hook lengths and two posterior Temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TAD) positions were established. Stress was applied through an elastic chain for each of the combinations. Digital photoelastic stress analysis measured the compression, tensional stress, and direction around the tooth root. Using this novel photoelastic model, we found that the distribution of compressional and tensional stress during the retraction of the maxillary dentition was significantly influenced by the position of the TAD and the length of the retraction hook. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics)
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7 pages, 1086 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Dentofacial Vertical Pattern and Bite Force Distribution among Children in Late Mixed Dentition
by Deema Ali AlShammery, Ahmad Mahdi AlShuruf, Nasser AlQhtani and Sharat Chandra Pani
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10140; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110140 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2187
Abstract
Background: Digital bite measurement systems such as the T-Scan III allow for the computerized measurement of occlusal force distribution. This study aimed to establish the relationship between dentofacial vertical pattern and bite force distribution among children in late mixed dentition. Materials and Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Digital bite measurement systems such as the T-Scan III allow for the computerized measurement of occlusal force distribution. This study aimed to establish the relationship between dentofacial vertical pattern and bite force distribution among children in late mixed dentition. Materials and Methods: In total, 86 children (45 male, 41 female) aged between 9 and 11 years with short (n = 28), medium (n = 28), and long (n = 30) facial heights were included in this study. The height, weight, age, and gender were recorded. Occlusal bite force distribution and time of occlusal cycle were recorded using a T-Scan III device (Tekscan Corp. Boston, MA, USA). The bite force distribution was compared among facial types using a One-Way ANOVA and post hoc test, a linear regression model with time of occlusion as dependent variable was developed. Results: No significant differences were observed in occlusion time between genders. Children with long facial height had a significantly lower anterior bite force distribution (p < 0.05) and significantly higher posterior bite force distribution (p < 0.05) than those with average or short facial height. Age, gender, height, and weight had no significant association with time of the occlusal cycle. Conclusion: Children with an increased vertical facial height have a more posterior distribution of force than children with average or short facial heights in the late mixed dentition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics)
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12 pages, 3118 KiB  
Article
CBCT Comparison of Dentoskeletal Effects of Haas-Type and Hyrax-Type Expanders Using Deciduous Teeth as Anchorage: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Marco Serafin, Luca Esposito, Viviana Conti, Rosamaria Fastuca, Manuel Lagravère and Alberto Caprioglio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 7110; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11157110 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2771
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the three-dimensional dentoskeletal effects of Haas-type and Hyrax-type expanders using primary teeth as anchorage for rapid palatal expansion (RPE). Thirty-four subjects in mixed dentition were divided according to their expander’s type: Hyrax (n = 16; [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare the three-dimensional dentoskeletal effects of Haas-type and Hyrax-type expanders using primary teeth as anchorage for rapid palatal expansion (RPE). Thirty-four subjects in mixed dentition were divided according to their expander’s type: Hyrax (n = 16; 6F, 10M; mean age 8 ± 3 years) or Haas (n = 18; 14F, 4M; mean age 8 ± 2 years). Each patient underwent CBCTs before (T0) and after RPE (T1). Dentoskeletal changes were collected. A paired sample t-test and independent t-test were used to compare each variable within the same group and between groups, respectively, with a 5% significance. The Hyrax group showed an increase in all dentoskeletal parameters; skeletal expansion was significantly increased anteriorly (1.76 mm) and posteriorly (1.93 mm). The greatest dental expansion was observed in the anchorage unit (6.47 mm), about twice as much as permanent molars (3.42 mm). The same statistical significance of Haas group measurements was observed; anteriorly skeletal expansion (2.97 mm) was greater than posteriorly (1.93 mm) and dental expansion was greater on anchored teeth (6.80 mm) than non-anchored teeth (4.57 mm). No statistical significance was observed between Hyrax and Hass groups. CBCT analysis showed that, in RPE, the dental expansion was greater than skeletal expansion. No significant or clinical changes were observed between Hyrax and Haas appliances anchored to primary teeth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics)
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10 pages, 560 KiB  
Article
Cephalometric Changes Following Maxillary Expansion with Ni-Ti Leaf Springs Palatal Expander and Rapid Maxillary Expander: A Retrospective Study
by Valentina Lanteri, Andrea Abate, Davide Cavagnetto, Alessandro Ugolini, Francesca Gaffuri, Alessandro Gianolio and Cinzia Maspero
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5748; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125748 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2094
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare, through bidimensional cephalometry, skeletal and dental changes obtained from a rapid maxillary expander (RME) and a Ni-Ti leaf spring expander (Leaf) and compare them with an untreated control group. Methods: Records consisted [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare, through bidimensional cephalometry, skeletal and dental changes obtained from a rapid maxillary expander (RME) and a Ni-Ti leaf spring expander (Leaf) and compare them with an untreated control group. Methods: Records consisted of lateral cephalograms obtained before and after maxillary expansion of patients that underwent orthodontic treatment at the Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences. The Leaf expander group consisted of 9 males (mean age = 7.5 ± 0.9 years old) and 11 females (mean age = 8.2 ± 0.6 years old). The RME group of the present study was composed of 11 males (mean age = 7.8 ± 0.6 years old) and 12 females (mean age = 8.1 ± 0.5 years old). Digital cephalograms were traced using Dolphin Imaging software v.11.1 (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions; Los Angeles, CA, USA), which calculated all reported measurements. Each subject was assigned a random identification number, and the examiner was blinded to the subject when measuring. The difference between the two experimental times in all groups was evaluated using the Student’s t-test for dependent variables. The difference between the two evaluation times in each group for all the variables was used to perform a one-way ANOVA test between the three groups. Results: No statistically significant difference was noted, apart from the angle between the upper incisor and the SN and PP planes, which showed an average decrease of 3.25 and 2.55, respectively, and the angle between the lower incisors and the mandibular plane, which showed an average increase of 2.85 degrees. The one-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups. Conclusions: It appears that the leaf expander and the RME present similar effects such as dental and skeletal changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics)
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12 pages, 7789 KiB  
Article
In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of a New Workflow for the Acquisition of Mandibular Kinematics Based on Portable Tracking System with Passive Optical Reflective Markers
by Marco Farronato, Gianluca M. Tartaglia, Cinzia Maspero, Luigi M. Gallo and Vera Colombo
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3947; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093947 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1813
Abstract
Clinical use of portable optical tracking system in dentistry could improve the analysis of mandibular movements for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A new workflow for the acquisition of mandibular kinematics was developed. Reproducibility of measurements was tested in vitro and intra- and inter-rater [...] Read more.
Clinical use of portable optical tracking system in dentistry could improve the analysis of mandibular movements for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A new workflow for the acquisition of mandibular kinematics was developed. Reproducibility of measurements was tested in vitro and intra- and inter-rater repeatability were assessed in vivo in healthy volunteers. Prescribed repeated movements (n = 10) in three perpendicular directions of the tracking-device coordinate system were performed. Measurement error and coefficient of variation (CV) among repetitions were determined. Mandibular kinematics of maximum opening, left and right laterality, protrusion and retrusion of five healthy subjects were recorded in separate sessions by three different operators. Obtained records were blindly examined by three observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Maximum in vitro measurement error was 0.54 mm and CV = 0.02. Overall, excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.90) for each variable, general excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 1.00) for all variables, and good reliability (ICC > 0.75) for inter-rater tests were obtained. A lower score was obtained for retrusion with “moderate reliability” (ICC = 0.557) in the inter-rater tests. Excellent repeatability and reliability in optical tracking of primary movements were observed using the tested portable tracking device and the developed workflow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics)
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Other

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10 pages, 1264 KiB  
Brief Report
Early Treatment with a Slow Maxillary Ni–Ti Leaf Springs Expander
by Massimiliano Vella, Paolo Cressoni, Cinzia Tripicchio, Eleonora Mainardi and Luca Esposito
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4541; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104541 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4086
Abstract
The aim of this brief report is to analyse the available literature on the clinical outcomes of a particular appliance for slow maxillary expansion that consists of one or more nickel–titanium springs. Materials and methods: The main medical databases (Scopus, Web of Sciences, [...] Read more.
The aim of this brief report is to analyse the available literature on the clinical outcomes of a particular appliance for slow maxillary expansion that consists of one or more nickel–titanium springs. Materials and methods: The main medical databases (Scopus, Web of Sciences, Pubmed and Google Scholar) were scanned up to January 2020 using “slow maxillary expan*”, “slow palatal expan*”, “leaf expander” and “NiTi Palatal Expander” as keywords. Skeletal changes in the maxilla after expansion with the Leaf Expander (L.E.) or similar appliances were taken into consideration while reviewing relevant manuscripts. The review focuses on the comparison between the L.E. and conventional expanders (i.e., Haas and Hyrax) regarding the increase in both the distance between the palatal cusps of the upper first molars and the distance between the palatal cusps of the upper second deciduous molars, as well as the increment of nasal structures and pain connected to expansion procedures. Results: Bibliographic research retrieved 32 articles that were considered eligible for the present study. The limited number of articles currently available in international medical databases is allegedly partly due to the fact that these expanders are currently produced by only one patent holder company, which affects its diffusion. Conclusion: Despite the reduced number of published articles, due to the recent introduction of the L.E. device, most of the authors have found that the effects of the L.E. device are clinically and radiographically comparable to those achievable with the rapid palatal expander. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Orthodontics on Craniofacial Orthopedics)
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