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Applied Sciences
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Recent Advances in Pediatric Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry
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Recent Advances in Pediatric Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 5510

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyoseol Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Interests: disabled dentistry; oral development of infants and toddlers; causes and prevention of dental caries; oral microbes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mi Sun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Interests: pulp therapy; pediatric restoration; pediatric sedation; pediatric orthodontic treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dentistry for children and adolescents developed due to the need to manage a variety of dental and orofacial problems. With the recent advances in many fields of pediatric dentistry, dental care now emphasizes the prevention of dental disease and minimally invasive techniques. Therefore, health professionals should recognize and investigate the recent changes in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this Special Issue is provide an overview of recent advances in pediatric dentistry and provide evidence-based oral health care.

Therefore, all articles presenting recent advances in pediatric dentistry are welcome. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Diagnostic tools
  • Microbiology
  • Developmental anomalies
  • Preventive treatment
  • Restorative treatment
  • Pulp therapy
  • Orthodontic treatment for growing patients
  • Surgical treatment
  • Behavior guidance
  • Sedation
  • Managing traumatic injuries in pediatric patients
  • Novel dental materials
  • Sleep problems in pediatric patients

Prof. Dr. Hyoseol Lee
Prof. Dr. Mi Sun Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric dentistry
  • pediatric orthodontics
  • orthodontic treatment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 2001 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Efficacy of Elastodontic Devices and Aligners in Dentoalveolar Transverse Expansion: A Randomized Open Label Clinical Trial
by Eleonora Ortu, Mariano Lacarbonara, Samuele Cova, Elena Gigliozzi, Maria Ausilia D’Angelo, Annalisa Monaco and Davide Pietropaoli
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 5263; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105263 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 256
Abstract
Background: A transverse discrepancy refers to a dimensional difference in the transverse component of the upper and lower dental arches with functional and esthetic implications. The main purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of transverse expansion movement of dentoalveolar [...] Read more.
Background: A transverse discrepancy refers to a dimensional difference in the transverse component of the upper and lower dental arches with functional and esthetic implications. The main purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of transverse expansion movement of dentoalveolar nature performed by two innovative orthodontic appliances: elastodontic devices and clear aligners. Specifically, it is intended to determine which of the two methods is more effective in terms of dentoalveolar expansion in a sample of children with mixed dentition. Methods: In total, 29 patients aged 6 to 13 years with mixed dentition were included in the present study and divided into two groups according to a case–control scheme. Of the subjects, 15 (8 females and 7 males) represented the test group and were treated with Eptamed elastodontic devices, while the control group, consisting of 14 patients (12 females and 2 males), received a Spark aligner. The efficacy of the devices was evaluated by comparing cross-sectional measurements of the arch scans at time T0 (before the start of treatment), T1 (6 months after the start of treatment) and T2 (one year after the start of treatment) by measurement in mm of the distance between the palatal cusps of the first upper premolar (if missing, of the corresponding deciduous molar). Statistical analysis was conducted using a nonparametric approach with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The data resulting from the measurements were expressed as the mean (standard deviation). Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups at either T0 (p = 0.3), T1 (p = 0.78), or T2 (p = 0.66), thus allowing the conclusion that both treatment modalities are comparable. Conclusions: Both elastodontics and clear aligners proved to be effective devices in the treatment of transverse discrepancies of a dentoalveolar nature. Elastodontics also plays a crucial role in the rebalancing of stomatognathic and extrastomatognathic functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Pediatric Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry)
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Review

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16 pages, 500 KiB  
Review
Innovations in Bioactive Materials for Dental Pulp Vitality Preservation in Children and Adolescents
by Purva K. Desai, Shreya M. Hiwalkar, Hyun-Joo Kim, Jonghyun Shin, Hyo-Seol Lee, Ho-Wook Jun and Kyounga Cheon
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 4699; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094699 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 610
Abstract
Preserving dental pulp vitality is crucial in pediatric and adolescent dentistry to promote long-term oral health and reduce the need for invasive procedures. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) enhances pulp healing and dentin formation through advanced pulp capping materials. While calcium hydroxide-based materials laid [...] Read more.
Preserving dental pulp vitality is crucial in pediatric and adolescent dentistry to promote long-term oral health and reduce the need for invasive procedures. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) enhances pulp healing and dentin formation through advanced pulp capping materials. While calcium hydroxide-based materials laid the foundation for VPT, calcium silicate-based materials like mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and TheraCal offer superior biocompatibility and sealing properties. Recent advancements focus on regenerative strategies that enhance biocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, and anti-inflammatory effects. Tissue engineering approaches, including stem cells, growth factors, and peptide-based scaffolds, are being explored to improve pulp regeneration and long-term treatment success. This review highlights recent developments in VPT for pediatric and adolescent patients, emphasizing minimally invasive techniques, clinical challenges, and the potential of emerging biomaterials. Continued research into biomaterial efficacy and regenerative capabilities holds promise for advancing VPT, ensuring more effective and biologically driven treatment strategies for young patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Pediatric Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry)
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24 pages, 2006 KiB  
Review
Maxillary Deficiency: Treatments and Applications for Adolescents
by Jiegang Yang, Zhongyuan Tang, Zhiyi Shan and Yiu Yan Leung
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 3256; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063256 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1108
Abstract
Maxillary deficiency, a common transversal dentofacial deformity, affects aesthetics and function. Timely intervention during adolescence is crucial, as the growth potential of the maxilla provides an opportunity to optimize treatment outcomes. This review explores various approaches for adolescent maxillary expansion, including orthopedic and [...] Read more.
Maxillary deficiency, a common transversal dentofacial deformity, affects aesthetics and function. Timely intervention during adolescence is crucial, as the growth potential of the maxilla provides an opportunity to optimize treatment outcomes. This review explores various approaches for adolescent maxillary expansion, including orthopedic and surgical methods. Orthopedic appliances effectively address transverse deficiencies without surgery and are particularly beneficial in managing conditions in children and early adolescents. In mid- to late-stage adolescents, bone-borne devices with mini-surgery offer better skeletal expansion outcomes. However, in cases of severe deficiencies, or where skeletal resistance limits non-surgical methods, surgical interventions become essential. Procedures like surgically assisted maxillary expansion and orthognathic surgery offer superior skeletal corrections. These techniques are particularly valuable for late adolescents with complex conditions. This review comprehensively summarizes the applications, outcomes, and limitations of these treatment options, highlighting the importance of selecting individualized, growth stage-appropriate interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Pediatric Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry)
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19 pages, 2304 KiB  
Review
Machine Learning for Child Oral Health: A Scoping Review
by Amir Mohajeri, Samantha Schlaud, Sydnee Spector and Man Hung
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11073; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311073 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1181
Abstract
Background: Machine learning (ML) has potential to assist dental professionals with diagnosing and predicting outcomes of oral health. Tooth decay in children is the most common chronic childhood disease and it can be prevented by early detection. We aim to provide a map [...] Read more.
Background: Machine learning (ML) has potential to assist dental professionals with diagnosing and predicting outcomes of oral health. Tooth decay in children is the most common chronic childhood disease and it can be prevented by early detection. We aim to provide a map of the current evidence on ML in child oral health and provide insight for future research. Methods: A scoping review used databases like Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Science Source, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Included studies assessed ML models for diagnoses, prediction, or management of oral health in children (0–9 years). Data extraction included publication year, location, age, sample size, disease, study type, and ML algorithms. Results: a total of 29 studies were included, mainly in pediatric dentistry and dental public health. Study designs comprised cross-sectional (34.5%), cohort (31.0%), case-control (20.7%), clinical trials (10.3%), and descriptive surveys (3.5%). The majority of studies were from high-income (69.0%) and upper middle-income countries (27.6%), with a small representation from low middle-income countries (3.4%). ML focused on predicting and diagnosing oral health issues such as caries progression and risk, with neural networks predominantly tested alongside emerging techniques like random forest, regression, and gradient boosting. Conclusions: ML algorithms hold promise in improving dental diagnosis and prediction accuracy, benefiting dental professionals, including pediatric and general dentists, in enhancing proficiency and reducing clinical errors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Pediatric Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry)
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Other

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21 pages, 1655 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Relationship Between Adolescent Orthodontic Treatment and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Seorin Jeong, Myeong-Kwan Jih, Ji-Won Ryu, Jong-Mo Ahn and Hyun-Jeong Park
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11430; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311430 - 9 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1619
Abstract
The relationship between fixed orthodontic treatment and the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in adolescents has been a topic of considerable debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of fixed orthodontic treatment on the prevalence of TMDs in adolescents. [...] Read more.
The relationship between fixed orthodontic treatment and the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in adolescents has been a topic of considerable debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of fixed orthodontic treatment on the prevalence of TMDs in adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, yielding 886 records. After duplicate removal, 665 records were screened, and 8 studies were assessed for eligibility. Following quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, 4 studies were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model in RevMan software. The meta-analysis revealed an overall odds ratio of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.37–1.51, p = 0.42), indicating no statistically significant association between fixed orthodontic treatment and the risk of developing TMDs. Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 73%), attributed to variations in study designs, populations, and outcome measures. The risk of bias analysis highlighted concerns in several domains, particularly selection bias and measurement of outcomes. While confounding bias and missing data bias were generally well-controlled, deviations in intervention and inconsistent outcome measurements were noted across the studies. These findings suggest that fixed orthodontic treatment does not significantly alter the risk of developing TMDs in adolescents. However, the substantial heterogeneity and potential biases across the included studies emphasize the need for further high-quality, standardized research to confirm these results and provide clearer clinical guidance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Pediatric Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry)
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