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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Computing and Artificial Intelligence".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 5177

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Education Sciences, Language, Culture and Arts, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28032 Madrid, Spain
Interests: educational technology; virtual reality; the metaverse increases with the academic use of AI in different learning scenarios—applied to social sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Artificial intelligence (AI) and educational data mining (EDM) are profoundly transforming the educational landscape, reshaping the paradigms of teaching and learning. AI applications in education enable the analysis of large datasets, revealing intricate patterns in student behaviour and facilitating the personalisation of learning experiences. The GED, meanwhile, provides detailed information that enables evidence-based decision-making in education. Likewise, the integration of human–computer interaction (HCI) improves the accessibility and personalisation of educational interfaces, making learning tools more intuitive and responsive, and more advanced methods, including predictive modelling and machine learning algorithms, allow educational systems to dynamically adapt to individual needs, fostering a more inclusive and learner-centred approach to education. This Special Issue calls on the academic community to examine how these technologies are driving the development of adaptive learning environments, enabling early identification of student needs and promoting accessibility and equity in education.

Ultimately, this Special Issue aims to compile rigorous research that explores the impact of AI, EDM and advanced technological tools on evolving educational models. Researchers and practitioners are invited to contribute original ideas that improve the effectiveness and quality of education in increasingly diverse learning contexts.

The scope of the Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Artificial intelligence in education;
  • Educational data mining (EDM);
  • Interactive machine learning (IML);
  • Human-in-the-loop machine learning and machine teaching;
  • Educational data mining and learning analytics;
  • Predictive modelling in education;
  • Machine learning for learning analytics;
  • Neural networks in educational AI;
  • Natural language processing (NLP) in education;
  • Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS);
  • AI ethics in education;
  • Inclusion and accessibility in AI tools.

Prof. Dr. Eloy López Meneses
Prof. Dr. César Bernal-Bravo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • artificial intelligence in education
  • educational data mining (EDM)
  • interactive machine learning (IML)

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 510 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance Prediction: Evaluating Optimized Deep Learning Ensembles Against Semi-Supervised Feature Selection-Based Models
by Jose Antonio Lagares Rodríguez, Norberto Díaz-Díaz and Carlos David Barranco González
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 4818; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094818 - 26 Apr 2025
Viewed by 122
Abstract
Advancements in modern technology have significantly increased the availability of educational data, presenting researchers with new challenges in extracting meaningful insights. Educational Data Mining offers analytical methods to support the prediction of student outcomes, development of intelligent tutoring systems, and curriculum optimization. Prior [...] Read more.
Advancements in modern technology have significantly increased the availability of educational data, presenting researchers with new challenges in extracting meaningful insights. Educational Data Mining offers analytical methods to support the prediction of student outcomes, development of intelligent tutoring systems, and curriculum optimization. Prior studies have highlighted the potential of semi-supervised approaches that incorporate feature selection to identify factors influencing academic success, particularly for improving model interpretability and predictive performance. Many feature selection methods tend to exclude variables that may not be individually powerful predictors but can collectively provide significant information, thereby constraining a model’s capabilities in learning environments. In contrast, Deep Learning (DL) models paired with Automated Machine Learning techniques can decrease the reliance on manual feature engineering, thereby enabling automatic fine-tuning of numerous model configurations. In this study, we propose a reproducible methodology that integrates DL with AutoML to evaluate student performance. We compared the proposed DL methodology to a semi-supervised approach originally introduced by Yu et al. under the same evaluation criteria. Our results indicate that DL-based models can provide a flexible, data-driven approach for examining student outcomes, in addition to preserving the importance of feature selection for interpretability. This proposal is available for replication and additional research. Full article
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28 pages, 3795 KiB  
Article
Identification of Key Factors Influencing Teachers’ Self-Perceived AI Literacy: An XGBoost and SHAP-Based Approach
by Hyeji Yang, Wongyu Lee and Jamee Kim
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 4433; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084433 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 205
Abstract
The rapid advancement of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping K-12 education, thereby emphasizing the growing need for AI Literacy among teachers. This study identifies key factors that influence teachers’ self-perceived AI Literacy and evaluates their impact on AI Literacy performance [...] Read more.
The rapid advancement of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping K-12 education, thereby emphasizing the growing need for AI Literacy among teachers. This study identifies key factors that influence teachers’ self-perceived AI Literacy and evaluates their impact on AI Literacy performance across various teaching phases, using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP). Data collected from 1172 K-12 teachers in South Korea were preprocessed and then split into an 80:20 training-to-testing ratio. To optimize model performance, Bayesian Optimization was used to fine-tune key hyperparameters, including the learning rate, maximum depth, subsample ratio, and number of boosting rounds. The model’s predictive accuracy was assessed using R2, MSE, MAE, and RMSE. The optimized model achieved R2 values of 0.8206 (Class Preparation), 0.8007 (Class Implementation), 0.8066 (Class Assessment), and 0.7746 (Utilizing Assessment Results). The results indicate that technical knowledge and AI Literacy skills are the most influential factors in the Class Preparation and Implementation Phases, while educational decision-making and ethical considerations play a crucial role in the Assessment and Utilizing Assessment Results Phases. Further, SHAP analysis highlights that both teachers’ and students’ perceived levels of AI learning significantly impact the adoption of AI Literacy, underscoring the importance of contextual factors in integrating AI within education. These findings emphasize the need for AI Literacy education that integrates technical competencies, pedagogical strategies, and ethical decision-making. This study provides empirical insights to support the development of teacher training programs and AI Literacy policies, ensuring the effective integration of AI in education. Full article
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18 pages, 4106 KiB  
Article
From Social to Academic: Associations and Predictions Between Different Types of Peer Relationships and Academic Performance Among College Students
by Jiadong Tian, Jiali Lin and Dagang Li
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 2262; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052262 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 962
Abstract
This study aims to expose the correlation between different types of social behaviors and the academic performance of college students, and then to predict the academic performance of college students based on their social characteristics. We extracted and computed information on social relationships [...] Read more.
This study aims to expose the correlation between different types of social behaviors and the academic performance of college students, and then to predict the academic performance of college students based on their social characteristics. We extracted and computed information on social relationships for roommates, classmates, members of the opposite sex, and others, based on real consumption data of 5597 freshmen students. The correlations between different types of peer relationships and academic performance were compared. Subsequently, we used Random Forests and Neural Networks as baseline methods, and introduced Graph Convolutional Network and Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network algorithms, on top of a graph network model based on social characteristics, to predict students’ academic performances. The results show that the quantity and quality of all types of socialization are positively correlated with academic performance, and socialization among classmates and roommates demonstrates a stronger correlation. In addition, with the construction of the graph model and the integration of time-series information, the prediction accuracy of the dynamic graph convolution method improved compared to other methods. The findings demonstrate the advantages of using social characteristics for academic performance prediction, and reveal the significant potential of AI applications in supporting the field of school management. Full article
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32 pages, 5020 KiB  
Article
A Social Network Analysis on the Danmaku of English-Learning Programs
by Man-Ni Chu, Xin Huang, Jia-Lien Hsu and Hai-Lun Tu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 1948; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041948 - 13 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 591
Abstract
This study utilizes the danmaku on the Bilibili platform as the research subject to examine how their characteristics vary according to the nature or focus of English teaching videos. By employing social network analysis, the study reveals distinctive features in danmaku. For videos [...] Read more.
This study utilizes the danmaku on the Bilibili platform as the research subject to examine how their characteristics vary according to the nature or focus of English teaching videos. By employing social network analysis, the study reveals distinctive features in danmaku. For videos categorized under linguistic knowledge (phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar), the danmaku comments predominantly center around topics such as phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar. Conversely, in videos categorized under language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing), the danmaku comments primarily reflect a vocabulary review for three of the four skills, with only the listening skill showing slight deviations. This underscores the centrality of vocabulary in skill-oriented videos. The findings highlight the unique role of danmaku in distinguishing between knowledge and skills within the context of English teaching videos. Full article
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21 pages, 1469 KiB  
Article
Artificial Intelligence in Educational Data Mining and Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning and Machine Teaching: Analysis of Scientific Knowledge
by Eloy López-Meneses, Luis López-Catalán, Noelia Pelícano-Piris and Pedro C. Mellado-Moreno
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020772 - 14 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2681
Abstract
This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational data mining (EDM), human-assisted machine learning (HITL-ML), and machine-assisted teaching, with the aim of improving adaptive and personalized learning environments. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted, analyzing 370 articles [...] Read more.
This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational data mining (EDM), human-assisted machine learning (HITL-ML), and machine-assisted teaching, with the aim of improving adaptive and personalized learning environments. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted, analyzing 370 articles published between 2006 and 2024. The research examines how AI can support the identification of learning patterns and individual student needs. Through EDM, student data are analyzed to predict student performance and enable timely interventions. HITL-ML ensures that educators remain in control, allowing them to adjust the system according to their pedagogical goals and minimizing potential biases. Machine-assisted teaching allows AI processes to be structured around specific learning criteria, ensuring relevance to educational outcomes. The findings suggest that these AI applications can significantly improve personalized learning, student tracking, and resource optimization in educational institutions. The study highlights ethical considerations, such as the need to protect privacy, ensure the transparency of algorithms, and promote equity, to ensure inclusive and fair learning environments. Responsible implementation of these methods could significantly improve educational quality. Full article
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