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Recent Advances in Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences
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Recent Advances in Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2025 | Viewed by 6295

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ángela Rodríguez-Perea

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: low back pain; functional electromechanical dynamometer; strength training; core strength training
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daniel Jerez-Mayorga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: muscle quality; muscle strength dynamometer; variable resistance training

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of biomechanics in sports science is indispensable for maximizing athletic performance, minimizing the risk of injury, and advancing our understanding of human movement and its impact on exercise. The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest knowledge on biomechanics and its relationship with sports sciences. The priorities of this Special Issue are (I) advancing our understanding of the biomechanical principles of athletic performance, (II) exploring emerging technologies and innovations in sports science, and (III) enhancing sports performance and injury prevention strategies. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences focuses on the key role that the study of biomechanics plays in sports.  New research articles, reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports are welcomed. All manuscripts will be peer-reviewed by experts on each topic.

Dr. Ángela Rodríguez-Perea
Dr. Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • muscle strength
  • biomechanics
  • sports science
  • sport performance
  • rehabilitation
  • motor control
  • injury prevention
  • validity
  • reliability
  • performance assessment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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12 pages, 1270 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Relationship Between the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio and Running Parameters in Elite Football Athletes
by Salvatore Pinelli, Mauro Mandorino, Silvia Fantozzi and Mathieu Lacome
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 1659; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031659 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1342
Abstract
In contemporary sports science, the integration of wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) has revolutionized athlete performance monitoring, offering insights into training load management and injury risk mitigation. The acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) has emerged as a pivotal metric, indicating the balance between acute [...] Read more.
In contemporary sports science, the integration of wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) has revolutionized athlete performance monitoring, offering insights into training load management and injury risk mitigation. The acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) has emerged as a pivotal metric, indicating the balance between acute training stress and chronic adaptation. This study investigates the relationship between ACWR and running parameters, i.e., contact time (CT), flight time (FT), and vertical stiffness (Kvert). Data from thirty-five elite male soccer players were analyzed using the WIMU Pro system. Statistical analyses showed that CT increased with workload, with significant differences observed between athletes in the sweet spot and others in the danger zone (p < 0.05), and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) ranging from 0.28 to 0.37. Kvert values were consistently lower in athletes in the danger zone across all workload indicators (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes going up to 0.94. Conversely, FT showed no significant variation between ACWR groups. These findings suggest that elevated ACWRs may be linked to reductions in vertical stiffness, highlighting a potential increase in risk of injury. Coaches and practitioners can utilize these insights to tailor training programs, integrating load monitoring with tactical considerations to optimize athlete performance. Understanding the nuanced interplay between workload ratios and biomechanical parameters provides valuable insights for performance optimization for elite football athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences)
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12 pages, 3647 KiB  
Article
Intramedullary Stress and Strain Correlate with Neurological Dysfunction in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
by Mahmudur Rahman, Karthik Banurekha Devaraj, Omkar Chauhan, Balaji Harinathan, Narayan Yoganandan and Aditya Vedantam
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020886 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 681
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction, yet the contribution of intramedullary stress and strain during neck motion remains unclear. This study used patient-specific finite element models (FEMs) of the cervical spine and spinal cord to examine the relationship between [...] Read more.
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction, yet the contribution of intramedullary stress and strain during neck motion remains unclear. This study used patient-specific finite element models (FEMs) of the cervical spine and spinal cord to examine the relationship between spinal cord biomechanics and neurological dysfunction. Twenty DCM patients (mean age 62.7 ± 11.6 years; thirteen females) underwent pre-surgical MRI-based modeling to quantify von Mises stress and maximum principal strains at the level of maximum spinal cord compression during simulated neck flexion and extension. Pre-surgical functional assessments included hand sensation, dexterity, and balance. During flexion, the mean intramedullary stress and strain at the level of maximum compression were 7.6 ± 3.7 kPa and 4.3 ± 2.0%, respectively. Increased intramedullary strain during flexion correlated with decreased right-hand sensation (r = −0.58, p = 0.014), impaired right-hand dexterity (r = −0.50, p = 0.048), and prolonged dexterity time (r = 0.52, p = 0.039). Similar correlations were observed with intramedullary stress. Patients with severe DCM exhibited significantly greater stress during flexion than those with mild/moderate disease (p = 0.03). These findings underscore the impact of dynamic spinal cord biomechanics on neurological dysfunction and support their potential utility in improving DCM diagnosis and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences)
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14 pages, 2496 KiB  
Article
A Specific Test of Starting Blocks: Intrasession and Intersession Reliability of Isometric Strength Using a Functional Electromechanical Dynamometer
by Francisco Mula-Pérez, David Manzano-Sánchez, Luis J. Chirosa-Ríos, Ignacio J. Chirosa-Ríos and Ángela Rodríguez-Perea
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7778; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177778 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1342
Abstract
Aims: To determine the intrasession and intersession reliability of the isometric force at three different starting block positions, to compare the intrasession and intersession reliability of the peak and average isometric force of three different starting block positions, and to compare the intrasession [...] Read more.
Aims: To determine the intrasession and intersession reliability of the isometric force at three different starting block positions, to compare the intrasession and intersession reliability of the peak and average isometric force of three different starting block positions, and to compare the intrasession and intersession reliability of three different starting block positions. Methods: Eighteen male college students participated in this study. A repeated measures design was used to evaluate the intrasession and intersession reliability of isometric force in three different starting block positions. Results: Very high and extremely high reliability of the average and peak isometric force of the three positions of the starting blocks were obtained, with ICC ranging from 0.63 to 0.91 and a CV close to 10%. Peak force was able to determine the outcomes of the bilateral position with higher reliability than the mean force, and the dominant was the most reliable position for assessing the starting blocks. Conclusion: The functional electromechanical dynamometer can be used with a high level of reliability to assess the force exerted in the starting blocks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences)
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10 pages, 1848 KiB  
Article
Exploratory Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Stress during Medial Knee Rotation with and without Iliotibial Band–Intermuscular Septum Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis for Transtibial and Anteromedial Femoral Tunnels
by Roberto Yañez, Rony Silvestre, Matias Roby, Alejandro Neira, Samuel Madera and Carlos De la Fuente
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 5160; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125160 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 915
Abstract
Traditional lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) using fixation elements constrains medial knee rotation laxity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr). However, the mechanical behavior of an LET made with an iliotibial band–intermuscular septum is unknown using different anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction drillings and [...] Read more.
Traditional lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) using fixation elements constrains medial knee rotation laxity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr). However, the mechanical behavior of an LET made with an iliotibial band–intermuscular septum is unknown using different anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction drillings and would be crucial for constraining the rotatory components of direction change movements. Thus, this study aimed to explore the maximum principal stresses and their distribution in grafts during medial knee rotation with and without iliotibial band–intermuscular septum lateral extra-articular tenodesis for the transtibial technique (TT), hybrid transtibial technique (HTT), and anteromedial portal technique (AM) in single-bundle ACLr. The maximum von Mises principal stresses and their distribution under medial knee rotation were described using a finite element model generated from a healthy knee. LET with HTT, TT, and AM decreases stress by 97%, 93%, and 86% during medial rotation compared to each technique without LET, respectively. The stress concentration for the AM portal and TT techniques was located at the femoral tunnel, and for HTT with LET, it was located across the distal thirds of the anterior aspect of the graft. In conclusion, the HTT with LET diminishes graft stress more than the HTT, TT, and AM without LET, and the TT and AM with LET during medial knee rotation. The AM portal, HTT, and TT techniques without LET show higher stress concentration patterns at the femoral tunnel, establishing a biomechanical risk of femoral tunnel enlargement when LET is not performed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences)
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9 pages, 839 KiB  
Study Protocol
Effects of Different Tonic, Isometric and Isometric/Vibratory Strength Training Programs on Motor Symptomatology in People with Parkinson’s Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomized Trial
by Oscar Andrades-Ramírez, David Ulloa-Díaz, Francisco Guede-Rojas, Sergio Araya-Sierralta, Gustavo Muñoz-Bustos, Patricio Arroyo-Jofré and Luis-Javier Chirosa-Ríos
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5923; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135923 - 7 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Background: The Chilean population has experienced increased longevity in recent decades, leading to an increased incidence of and mortality from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a chronic degenerative condition that affects the central nervous system. The main objective of [...] Read more.
Background: The Chilean population has experienced increased longevity in recent decades, leading to an increased incidence of and mortality from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a chronic degenerative condition that affects the central nervous system. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of 12-week programs of tonic, isometric, and isometric/vibratory muscular strength training while controlling the manipulation of the intensity variable on motor and non-motor symptomatology in PD patients. The secondary objective is to assess the levels of muscular strength in PD patients and their relationship with motor and non-motor symptomatology. Methods: A parallel-group, randomized trial will randomly assign (n = 34) people of both sexes with Parkinson’s disease between stages I–III Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y), aged between 50 and 70 years to one of the experimental groups, in which they will undergo a total of 24 strength training sessions during 12 weeks. During the intervention period, the participants will be advised not to undertake additional exercise programs, to avoid substances that may disrupt metabolism and circadian cycles, and to maintain their medication regimen. The primary or motor evaluation of rest tremor will be performed with an accelerometer (Actigraphy), balance with the Mini-BESTest balance test, gait speed with the Ten Meters Walk Test, and non-motor symptomatology through anxiety, depression (MDS-UPDRS), and quality of life (PDQ-39) questionnaires. The Secondary evaluation of muscle strength will be performed with a functional electromechanical dynamometer. Discussion: Established as a hypothesis is that manipulating intensity variables in 12-week tonic, isometric, and isometric/vibratory muscle strength training programs has an effect on motor and non-motor symptomatology in people with Parkinson’s disease. The research will establish the extent to which controlled muscular strength training has an effect on relevant factors related to motor and non-motor symptomatology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Applied Biomechanics and Sports Sciences)
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