Applications on Ultrasonic Wave

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 15992

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Special Issue Editor

School of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
Interests: railway engineering; ultrasonic NDE/SHM (structural health monitoring); theoretical analysis; prognostic study; solid mechanics; structural analysis; applied mechanics; nonlinear ultrasonic
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of ultrasonic waves has created much interest over the past several decades for nondestructive methodology to evaluate mechanical properties, damage states, and material condition of engineering structures. Features related to propagation and scattering of ultrasonic waves such as wave velocities, dispersion, scattered amplitudes, and attenuation show high sensitivity to material condition. Ultrasonic waves are also widely used in medicine to obtain images of internal body structures such as muscles, tendons, blood vessels, joints, and organs. The mechanism is that ultrasound pulses are sent into the tissue using a probe, and the reflected signals are recorded and analyzed in order to build the desired images of internal structures. The present Special Issue intends to explore new directions in the field of applications on ultrasonic waves. The interest includes but is not limited to the use of ultrasonic waves for engineering research areas such as nondestructive testing/evaluation, structural health, and condition monitoring of materials and structures and medical areas such as ultrasonic imaging, sensors, and signal analysis.

We invite you to submit breakthroughs in the understanding and application of ultrasonic waves, welcoming high-quality research, technical, and review papers on both theoretical and practical aspects.

Prof. Dr. Jaesun Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Ultrasonic waves
  • Nondestructive testing/evaluation
  • Structural health/condition monitoring
  • Signal analysis
  • Medical applications
  • Engineering applications
  • Theoretical analysis on wave propagation and scattering
  • Ultrasonic wave imaging
  • New technologies on ultrasonic waves
  • Wave signal analysis by machine learning and AI

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 6052 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Non-Destructive Evaluation of Piezoelectric Materials to Verify on Accuracy of Transversely Isotropic Material Property Measured by Resonance Method
by Yu-Hsi Huang, Chien-Yu Yen and Tai-Rong Huang
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5072; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155072 - 23 Jul 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2461
Abstract
In many engineering applications of piezoelectric materials, the design and prediction of the dynamic characteristics depends on the anisotropic electromechanical material property. Through collecting the complete formula in literature and listing all the prepared specimens, transversely isotropic material constants were obtained and verified [...] Read more.
In many engineering applications of piezoelectric materials, the design and prediction of the dynamic characteristics depends on the anisotropic electromechanical material property. Through collecting the complete formula in literature and listing all the prepared specimens, transversely isotropic material constants were obtained and verified by dynamic non-destructive evaluation in the paper. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) resonance method was applied to measure and calculate the orthotropic material constants for piezoelectric ceramics. Five specimens need to be prepared for the measurements using an impedance analyzer, in order to obtain the resonant and anti-resonant frequencies from the modes of thickness extension, length-extension, thickness-shear extension, length-thickness extension, and radial extension. The frequencies were substituted into the formulas guided on the IEEE standard to determine the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants. The dynamic characteristics of soft and hard piezoelectric ceramics in the results from the finite element method (FEM), which is analyzed from the anisotropic material constants of the resonance method, were verified with the mode shapes and natural frequencies found by experimental measurements. In self-heating, considered as operating on resonant frequencies of piezoelectric material, the resonant frequency and corresponding mode shape calculated by the material constants from resonance method in FEM are more accurate than the material property provided by the manufacturer and literature. When the wide-bandwidth frequency is needed to design the application of piezoelectric ceramics, this study completely provided the measurement method and dynamic verification for the anisotropic electromechanically material property. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications on Ultrasonic Wave)
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16 pages, 3502 KiB  
Article
An Application Study on Road Surface Monitoring Using DTW Based Image Processing and Ultrasonic Sensors
by Sunil Kumar Sharma, Haidang Phan and Jaesun Lee
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4490; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134490 - 29 Jun 2020
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 4534
Abstract
Road surface monitoring is an essential problem in providing smooth road infrastructure to commuters. This paper proposed an efficient road surface monitoring using an ultrasonic sensor and image processing technique. A novel cost-effective system, which includes ultrasonic sensors sensing with GPS for the [...] Read more.
Road surface monitoring is an essential problem in providing smooth road infrastructure to commuters. This paper proposed an efficient road surface monitoring using an ultrasonic sensor and image processing technique. A novel cost-effective system, which includes ultrasonic sensors sensing with GPS for the detection of the road surface conditions, was designed and proposed. Dynamic time warping (DTW) technique was incorporated with ultrasonic sensors to improve the classification and accuracy of road surface detecting conditions. A new algorithm, HANUMAN, was proposed for automatic recognition and calculation of pothole and speed bumps. Manual inspection was performed and comparison was undertaken to validate the results. The proposed system showed better efficiency than the previous systems with a 95.50% detection rate for various road surface irregularities. The novel framework will not only identify the road irregularities, but also help in decreasing the number of accidents by alerting drivers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications on Ultrasonic Wave)
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15 pages, 7099 KiB  
Article
Defects Inspection in Wires by Nonlinear Ultrasonic-Guided Wave Generated by Electromagnetic Sensors
by Junpil Park, Jaesun Lee, Junki Min and Younho Cho
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4479; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134479 - 28 Jun 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2490
Abstract
Steel wires are widely used as raw materials for spring valves in engines. Considering the quality and safety issues of their structure, there is a demand to develop nondestructive inspection approaches to detect initial damages in steel. In this study, nonlinear ultrasonic-guided waves [...] Read more.
Steel wires are widely used as raw materials for spring valves in engines. Considering the quality and safety issues of their structure, there is a demand to develop nondestructive inspection approaches to detect initial damages in steel. In this study, nonlinear ultrasonic-guided waves generated by an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) were used to inspect the defects in steel wires. As one of the noncontact testing methods, the use of EMAT has significant advantages to decrease the nonlinearity induced by instruments and transducer contact condition. The principles of design and manufacturing of EMAT are first introduced. The fundamental theory of nonlinear guided waves is also briefly discussed in this investigation. Phase-matched guided wave modes were generated and measured by using EMAT. Variations of acoustic nonlinearity corresponding to existing defects in specimens were obtained. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to check the existence of microdefects in specimen. The results indicate that the use of EMAT can be an effective means to generate and measure nonlinear ultrasonic-guided waves for inspection of microdefects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications on Ultrasonic Wave)
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19 pages, 7825 KiB  
Article
High-Precision Noncontact Guided Wave Tomographic Imaging of Plate Structures Using a DHB Algorithm
by Junpil Park, Jaesun Lee, Zong Le and Younho Cho
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4360; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124360 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1953
Abstract
The safety diagnostic inspection of large plate structures, such as nuclear power plant containment liner plates and aircraft wings, is an important issue directly related to the safety of life. This research intends to present a more quantitative defect imaging in the structural [...] Read more.
The safety diagnostic inspection of large plate structures, such as nuclear power plant containment liner plates and aircraft wings, is an important issue directly related to the safety of life. This research intends to present a more quantitative defect imaging in the structural health monitoring (SHM) technique by using a wide range of diagnostic techniques using guided ultrasound. A noncontact detection system was applied to compensate for such difficulties because direct access inspection is not possible for high-temperature and massive areas such as nuclear power plants and aircraft. Noncontact systems use unstable pulse laser and air-coupled transducers. Automatic detection systems were built to increase inspection speed and precision and the signal was measured. In addition, a new Difference Hilbert Back Projection (DHB) algorithm that can replace the reconstruction algorithm for the probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID) algorithm used for imaging defects has been successfully applied to quantitative imaging of plate structure defects. Using an automatic detection system, the precision and detection efficiency of data collection has been greatly improved, and the same results can be obtained by reducing errors in experimental conditions that can occur in repeated experiments. Defects were made in two specimens, and comparative analysis was performed to see if each algorithm can quantitatively represent defects in multiple defects. The new DHB algorithm presented the possibility of observing and predicting the growth direction of defects through the continuous monitoring system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications on Ultrasonic Wave)
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Review

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26 pages, 5344 KiB  
Review
Acoustic Scattering Models from Rough Surfaces: A Brief Review and Recent Advances
by Michel Darmon, Vincent Dorval and François Baqué
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8305; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228305 - 23 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3741
Abstract
This paper proposes a brief review of acoustic wave scattering models from rough surfaces. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date survey of the analytical approximate or semi-analytical methods that are encountered in acoustic scattering from random rough surfaces. Thus, this review [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a brief review of acoustic wave scattering models from rough surfaces. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date survey of the analytical approximate or semi-analytical methods that are encountered in acoustic scattering from random rough surfaces. Thus, this review focuses only on the scattering of acoustic waves and does not deal with the transmission through a rough interface of waves within a solid material. The main used approximations are classified here into two types: the two historical approximations (Kirchhoff approximation and the perturbation theory) and some sound propagation models more suitable for grazing observation angles on rough surfaces, such as the small slope approximation, the integral equation method and the parabolic equation. The use of the existing approximations in the scientific literature and their validity are highlighted. Rough surfaces with Gaussian height distribution are usually considered in the models hypotheses. Rather few comparisons between models and measurements have been found in the literature. Some new criteria have been recently determined for the validity of the Kirchhoff approximation, which is one of the most used models, owing to its implementation simplicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications on Ultrasonic Wave)
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