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Advancing Bioremediation Technologies for Emerging Micropollutants

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 302

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Centre of Marine Sciences—CCMAR, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Interests: natural products; medicinal plants; halophytes; biological activities; bioactive molecules; biotechnological applications; saline cultivation; in vitro propagation; bioremediation; emerging micropollutants
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Micropollutants, encompassing pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, are emerging as persistent contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial environments. These substances, often present at trace levels, exert outsized impacts on ecosystems and human health due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and resistance to conventional wastewater treatment methods. Their presence in water bodies can disrupt aquatic ecosystems, harm biodiversity, and introduce risks to the food chain, necessitating urgent intervention. The European Union’s updated urban wastewater directive, which mandates an 80% removal efficiency for such substances, underscores the global need for effective, scalable, and sustainable remediation technologies.

Bioremediation leverages natural and engineered biological systems to degrade or transform micropollutants into less harmful byproducts. Featured approaches include the use of microbial consortia, genetically engineered microorganisms, enzymatic treatments, and biofilm-based technologies, offering innovative solutions for both in situ and ex situ applications.

This Special Issue highlights the critical role of bioremediation as a green and sustainable approach to mitigate micropollutants across diverse ecosystems. Through a combination of cutting-edge research articles, case studies, and comprehensive reviews, this Special Issue offers a multifaceted view of bioremediation technologies. By presenting novel methodologies and exploring multidisciplinary collaborations, it aims to advance our understanding of sustainable micropollutant management while fostering the development of innovative, environmentally friendly solutions to safeguard ecosystems and public health.

Dr. Maria João Rodrigues
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • environmental biotechnology
  • micropollutant bioaccumulation
  • bioremediation technologies
  • advanced water purification

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Kinetic Modeling of Sulfamethoxazole Degradation by Photo-Fenton: Tracking Color Development and Iron Complex Formation for Enhanced Bioremediation
by Unai Duoandicoechea, Elisabeth Bilbao-García and Natalia Villota
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 4531; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084531 - 19 Apr 2025
Viewed by 144
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive kinetic analysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by the photo-Fenton process, highlighting its potential for removing emerging micropollutants in water treatment. The degradation of SMX followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with increasing Fe(II) concentrations significantly accelerating the oxidation rate. A kinetic [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive kinetic analysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by the photo-Fenton process, highlighting its potential for removing emerging micropollutants in water treatment. The degradation of SMX followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with increasing Fe(II) concentrations significantly accelerating the oxidation rate. A kinetic model was developed to describe SMX removal, aromaticity loss, and color changes during treatment. Although SMX was rapidly eliminated, intermediate aromatic and chromophoric compounds persisted, requiring extended reaction times for complete mineralization. The kinetic modeling of aromaticity and color revealed distinct degradation pathways and rate constants, showing a strong dependence on iron dosage. The formation of nitrate and sulfate was used to monitor nitrogen and sulfur mineralization, respectively. Optimal nitrate formation was achieved at 22 mol SMX: 1 mol Fe(II), beyond which excessive iron promoted radical scavenging and the formation of stable Fe–aminophenol complexes, inhibiting complete nitrogen oxidation and aromatic degradation. Moreover, excessive Fe(II) led to increased water coloration due to complexation with partially oxidized aromatic byproducts. These findings emphasize the need for optimized catalyst dosing to balance degradation efficiency and minimize secondary effects. The proposed kinetic models offer a predictive tool for improving photo-Fenton-based treatments and integrating them with biological processes to enhance micropollutant bioremediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Bioremediation Technologies for Emerging Micropollutants)
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