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Applied Sciences
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Systemic and Local Salivary Glands Involvement — from Diagnosis to...
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Systemic and Local Salivary Glands Involvement — from Diagnosis to Treatment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 6359

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Katarzyna Błochowiak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-812 Poznan, Poland
Interests: oral pathology; maxillofacial surgery; oral and maxillofacial surgery; oral surgery; oral diseases; salivary glands; xerostomia saliva as a clinical monitor
Dr. Maciej Sikora

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland
2. Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: fluoride metabolism; maxillofacial traumatology; oral health; pediatric maxillofacial traumatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Karolina Gerreth

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
Interests: oral health; oral behaviors; oral health literacy; dental health; special care dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Salivary glands and changes observed within them may not only result from local pathologies including benign and malignant tumors, inflammatory lesions and congenital anatomical defects, and bacterial and viral infections, but they are also a frequent manifestation of systemic diseases of a diverse nature. Changes in the salivary glands are found in endocrine, neurological, and autoimmune diseases and nutritional disorders. Some of these pathologies are reflected in altered salivary gland architectonics and induce specific changes on histopathological examination. Others can be detected by genetic testing or quantitative or qualitative saliva testing. In recent years, there has been a rapid development of diagnostic methods for salivary glands including radiological, ultrasound, endoscopic, genetic, salivary gland biopsy, and saliva studies focusing on the search for specific salivary markers. Unfortunately, some diagnostic methods have high sensitivity with low specificity for selected salivary gland pathologies. Consequently, a specific image in a diagnostic test does not bring clinicians closer to establishing a certain diagnosis and implementing dedicated treatment. It also often does not allow confidently distinguishing salivary gland lesions of systemic origin from local lesions involving the gland itself or all salivary glands. Hence, proper differential diagnosis of these pathological changes and the selection of sensitive and specific diagnostic methods become particularly important. Reliable and specific diagnosing will be helpful in implementing effective treatment.

The purpose of the Special Issue is to present and comprehensively evaluate diagnostic methods and treatments of the salivary glands, with particular emphasis on their indications in selected pathologies of the salivary glands and limitations in their use.

Dr. Katarzyna Błochowiak
Dr. Maciej Sikora
Prof. Dr. Karolina Gerreth
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • salivary glands diagnosing
  • salivary gland biopsy
  • sialometry
  • salivary biomarkers
  • ultrasonography of salivary glands
  • sialoendoscopy
  • salivary glands
  • sialadenitis
  • radiology of salivary glands

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 250 KiB  
Article
Co-Existence of Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, and Focal Lymphocytic Sialadenitis in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
by Katarzyna Błochowiak
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5451; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135451 - 23 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1294
Abstract
Background: Some patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) do not develop xerostomia despite advanced involvement of the salivary glands and the presence of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS). The aim of the study is to determine possible correlations between xerostomia, symptoms of sicca syndrome, FLS, [...] Read more.
Background: Some patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) do not develop xerostomia despite advanced involvement of the salivary glands and the presence of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS). The aim of the study is to determine possible correlations between xerostomia, symptoms of sicca syndrome, FLS, and other features in SS patients. Methods: The study group comprised 50 patients with SS. The comprehensive assessment of patients included clinical, laboratory, and serological examinations. All patients underwent labial salivary gland biopsies. Dry mouth and dry eyes were assessed by unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (USWSF) and Schirmer’s test, respectively. Results: Xerostomia and xerophthalmia are closely related components of sicca syndrome. Xerostomia did not correlate with any serological or laboratory values, including ANA titers, SSA, SSB, Ro52 antibodies, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. There were no correlations between xerostomia and FLS or Focus score. USWSF results correlated with xerostomia reported by patients, contrary to Schirmer’s test, which did not correlate with xerophthalmia. Conclusions: Dry mouth in SS is independent of any serological or inflammatory parameters. The occurrence of FLS does not determine xerostomia and its severity. Dry mouth in SS is influenced by other undetermined factors and mechanisms independent of salivary gland involvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systemic and Local Salivary Glands Involvement — from Diagnosis to Treatment)
8 pages, 772 KiB  
Communication
Left–Right Multimodal Morphometric Comparison of Human Submandibular Glands
by Bojan V. Stimec and Dejan Ignjatovic
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2474; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062474 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1001
Abstract
This communication study integrates composite multimodal research on postmortem human submandibular glands, based on macromorphometry. The normal ductographic sialograms were pairwise analyzed using linear morphometry, whole-gland planimetry and fractal properties, such as main duct length, caliber and tortuosities, side branches and accessory ducts/lobes. [...] Read more.
This communication study integrates composite multimodal research on postmortem human submandibular glands, based on macromorphometry. The normal ductographic sialograms were pairwise analyzed using linear morphometry, whole-gland planimetry and fractal properties, such as main duct length, caliber and tortuosities, side branches and accessory ducts/lobes. All the examined parameters presented a significant correlation, i.e., symmetry between the left and the right submandibular glands. The morphometric data presented can serve as a valuable reference in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systemic and Local Salivary Glands Involvement — from Diagnosis to Treatment)
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16 pages, 1345 KiB  
Article
Development and Proposal of a Novel Scoring System to Classify Dry Mouth Severity
by Julie Frigaard, Håvard Hynne and Janicke Liaaen Jensen
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11758; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111758 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 2180
Abstract
Dry mouth is a common complaint with unmet treatment needs, reflected by the fact that more than 500 trials are registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Comparisons across studies, however, are difficult as inclusion criteria vary widely. Additionally, the terms xerostomia and hyposalivation are often not [...] Read more.
Dry mouth is a common complaint with unmet treatment needs, reflected by the fact that more than 500 trials are registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Comparisons across studies, however, are difficult as inclusion criteria vary widely. Additionally, the terms xerostomia and hyposalivation are often not separated. Thus, the aim of the present work was to develop a dry mouth severity score (DMSS) that incorporates published questionnaires and measures both xerostomia and hyposalivation and proposes a grading system that can be used as a common basis for inclusion into clinical trials. The DMSS was developed through the use of data from patients in the Dry Mouth Clinic, University of Oslo, Norway. Five groups of patients (n = 131) and controls (n = 59) were included: primary Sjögren’s syndrome, non-Sjögren’s syndrome, radiated head and neck cancer, psychiatry, and controls. The proposed DMSS includes five parameters with corresponding cut-off values given 1 point (p) each: the General Xerostomia Question ≥ 2, Summated Xerostomia Inventory ≥ 11, Clinical Oral Dryness Score ≥ 6, and secretion of unstimulated and chewing-stimulated whole saliva with cut-off values at ≤0.1 mL/min and ≤0.7 mL/min, respectively. The proposed score range for DMSS is 0–3, where score 0 corresponds to 0p, score 1 to 1–2p, score 2 to 3p, and score 3 to 4–5p. In the patient group, 65% had a high DMSS of 2 or 3, while 78% of the controls scored 0. The sensitivity and specificity were high (0.93 and 0.78, respectively), and the internal reliability was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha 0.80). The proposed DMSS represents a novel method to uniformly classify dry mouth patients for applicable comparison between clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systemic and Local Salivary Glands Involvement — from Diagnosis to Treatment)
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12 pages, 303 KiB  
Article
Reduced Salivary Flow Rate and Increased Caries Susceptibility in Italian Children in Remission from Hematological Malignancy
by Patrizia Defabianis, Lucilla Bello and Federica Romano
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10434; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810434 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1242
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction is an underestimated oral late effect of chemotherapy in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the salivary functioning and dental caries experience in Italian CSSs and age- and gender-matched healthy children. A [...] Read more.
Salivary gland dysfunction is an underestimated oral late effect of chemotherapy in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the salivary functioning and dental caries experience in Italian CSSs and age- and gender-matched healthy children. A total of 32 children (15 females and 17 males, age range 6–14 years) in remission from hematological malignancy and 32 healthy controls were compared for salivary parameters (stimulated whole salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity) and presence of carious lesions in the primary and permanent dentition using the dmft/DMFT indexes. Significantly lower stimulated whole saliva (SWS) and pH were observed in CSS than in healthy pediatric patients (both p < 0.001), together with a higher prevalence of carious lesions on both the deciduous (p = 0.002) and permanent teeth (p = 0.015). SWS was more severely impaired in children treated with chemotherapy before 5 years of age (p < 0.001) and, in spite of the tendency to improve over time, low SWS was still observed after 5–9 years of disease remission. According to the present data, chemotherapy has a detrimental effect on salivary gland functioning, which would seem to maintain up to 9 years after antineoplastic treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systemic and Local Salivary Glands Involvement — from Diagnosis to Treatment)
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