Bioactivity Mechanisms of Antioxidant Compounds from Natural Products

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2026 | Viewed by 821

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Guest Editor
Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
Interests: bioactive compounds; food chemistry; food technology; plant-based raw materials; food processing; phenolic compounds; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity; food component interactions; bioavailability; encapsulation; spray drying; freeze-drying; food waste valorization; functional foods; nutraceuticals; biodegradable packaging; cosmetic and biomedical applications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural antioxidants are a diverse group of compounds found in plants and foods, as well as in products formed during food processing. This group includes polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols, coumarins, terpenoids, and bioactive peptides. There is growing evidence that these molecules have biological effects that extend beyond direct radical scavenging. In particular, they may modulate redox homeostasis, inflammatory responses, cellular signaling, and metabolic pathways. These activities are highly relevant to the prevention and management of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Despite substantial progress in characterizing natural antioxidants, their precise mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Their biological efficacy depends on multiple factors, including chemical structure, molecular form, bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, tissue distribution, and interactions with the food matrix and gut microbiota. Therefore, a deeper understanding of these factors is essential to clarify the health-promoting potential of antioxidant compounds from natural sources.

This Special Issue aims to compile original research articles and review papers focusing on the bioactivity mechanisms of natural antioxidants. Topics of interest include molecular and cellular targets, structure–activity relationships, and various bioactive effects, as well as pharmacokinetics and metabolism. In vitro and in vivo studies relevant to human health are also welcome. Particular attention will be given to contributions that elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the biological activity of natural antioxidants, including the relationships between structural characteristics, chemical composition, bioavailability, and mode of action.

Dr. Joanna Oracz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • natural antioxidants
  • molecular mechanisms
  • bioavailability
  • pharmacokinetics
  • structure–activity relationships

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 13904 KB  
Article
Lutein Attenuates Lipid Accumulation in Association with TFEB Nuclear Translocation and Autophagy–Lysosomal Responses in a Cellular Model of Hepatic Steatosis
by Faride Saud, Daniel Cabrera, Catalina Valladares, Marjorie De la Fuente López, Rodrigo Maldonado-Agurto, Diego Irribarra-Tapia and Elisa Balboa
Antioxidants 2026, 15(8), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15081042 - 21 Aug 2026
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Abstract
Lutein is a dietary xanthophyll carotenoid valued for its antioxidant properties that has been shown to benefit liver health and reduce hepatic lipid accumulation; however, this lipid-lowering effect cannot be fully attributed to its antioxidant activity, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. [...] Read more.
Lutein is a dietary xanthophyll carotenoid valued for its antioxidant properties that has been shown to benefit liver health and reduce hepatic lipid accumulation; however, this lipid-lowering effect cannot be fully attributed to its antioxidant activity, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and limited therapeutic options. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) coordinates the autophagy–lysosomal pathways involved in cellular lipid clearance, including lipophagy and lysosomal exocytosis, and is sensitive to the cellular redox state; however, whether the antioxidant lutein modulates TFEB-regulated lipid homeostasis remains unclear. HepG2 cells were exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) to induce intracellular lipid accumulation and co-treated with lutein. TFEB localization and the expression of TFEB-related genes were assessed by immunofluorescence and qPCR, respectively. Immunofluorescence was also used to evaluate lipid droplet accumulation, LC3 content, and LAMP1 localization. Lipid droplet ultrastructure was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and extracellular triglyceride levels were measured as a functional readout of lipid extrusion. Lutein attenuated lipid droplet accumulation in FFA-treated cells, increased nuclear TFEB immunoreactivity, upregulated LC3 mRNA expression, and enhanced LC3 colocalization with lipid droplets. Chloroquine abolished the lipid-lowering effect of lutein, supporting an autophagy-dependent mechanism. In addition, lutein increased the abundance of LAMP1-positive compartments, while ultrastructural analysis and elevated extracellular triglyceride levels suggested enhanced lipid extrusion. These findings position the antioxidant lutein as a candidate natural compound whose lipid-lowering action is associated with TFEB nuclear translocation/activation and with the autophagy–lysosomal pathway, warranting further investigation in MASLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactivity Mechanisms of Antioxidant Compounds from Natural Products)
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26 pages, 5565 KB  
Article
Poecilobdella manillensis Bioactive Peptides Reduce Oxidative Stress and Regulate Metabolic Reprogramming via the IIS/FOXO Pathway to Improve Hypoxic Injury
by Jiahui Wang, Jieshu Li, Shuqi Li, Jinze Li, Zichen Lei, Jinchai Qi, Gengyang Liu, Zekun Yu, Yueying Yuan, Jing Han, Tao Ma and Yonggang Liu
Antioxidants 2026, 15(8), 936; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15080936 - 28 Jul 2026
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Abstract
FOXO/DAF-16 is involved in stress resistance and metabolic regulation, but the molecular mechanisms of its interaction with hypoxia remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-hypoxic effects of Poecilobdella manillensis bioactive peptide (PMP) and to investigate whether IIS/FOXO acts as a key [...] Read more.
FOXO/DAF-16 is involved in stress resistance and metabolic regulation, but the molecular mechanisms of its interaction with hypoxia remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-hypoxic effects of Poecilobdella manillensis bioactive peptide (PMP) and to investigate whether IIS/FOXO acts as a key node in mediating the regulation of oxidative stress and metabolic reprogramming. In the chemical hypoxia model of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) induced by sodium sulfite, PMP treatment improved the survival status and movement, feeding, and reproductive ability of hypoxic C. elegans, and significantly increased their survival rate. It also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipofuscin levels in C. elegans, enhancing their tolerance to oxidative and heat stress. In the terminal normobaric hypoxia mice model, PMP intervention prolonged the survival time of hypoxic mice, alleviated the damage of heart, lung, and brain tissues, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum and tissues of mice. 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis showed that PMP treatment reversed hypoxia-induced abnormalities in key metabolites such as glucose, lactic acid, glutamic acid, and taurine. Next, we utilized C. elegans mutants deficient in daf-2, age-1, akt-1, daf-16, and hsp-16.2, and further observed the nuclear translocation of DAF-16 in DAF-16::GFP C. elegans. The results showed PMP induced DAF-16 nuclear translocation and upregulated the expression of downstream SOD-3. Key metabolites representing antioxidant and energy metabolism were measured in the daf-16 mutant C. elegans. The results showed that PMP intervention failed to restore the levels of glucose, lactic acid, glutamic acid, and taurine in the mutant. Finally, 12 peptides containing antioxidant-related bioactive amino acid residues in PMP were screened by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and peptide biological activity prediction. Among them, molecular docking showed that KPPGP had a good binding with FOXO1. In conclusion, in C. elegans, PMP activated DAF-16/FOXO by inhibiting the Insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (IIS) pathway and regulated redox homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming to resist hypoxia injury, and this protective effect was also observed in mouse models. IIS/FOXO can be used as a key node to regulate oxidative stress and energy metabolism under hypoxic conditions, and the identification of KPPGP provides insights into the screening and study of bioactive peptides in natural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactivity Mechanisms of Antioxidant Compounds from Natural Products)
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