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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Plants Antioxidants and Genetic Engineering
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Plants Antioxidants and Genetic Engineering

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 9993

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anna Kulma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: plant pathogen resistance; genetic engineering; secondary metabolites; bioactive plant products

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Free radicals induce damage to biomembranes and other components of the cell, leading to tissue damage and, in extreme cases, organism death. Effects of free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. In nature, there is a wide variety of naturally occurring antioxidants differing in their composition, physical and chemical properties, and mechanisms of action. Among all these, organism plants produce the widest spectrum of those components generated via different metabolic pathways and some of them unique to particular species. Genetic engineering offers the possibility of obtaining plants with higher levels of antioxidants, production of novel phytochemicals, and synthesis of plant components in other that plant system. In addition to its practical aspects, genetic engineering of metabolic pathways provides us with a better understanding of pathways components and regulation.

We invite you to submit your latest research findings or a review article to this Special Issue, which will bring together current research concerning plant antioxidants produced via genetic engineering. We welcome submissions concerning all manipulation of antioxidants synthesis in plants, biosynthesis of plant antioxidants in other than plant systems like bacteria and fungi and biotransformation of plant antioxidants using genetically modified microorganisms. We believe that this Special Issue, “Plant Antioxidants and Genetic Engineering”, will help to highlight the most recent advances on all aspects of plant antioxidants produced via genetic engineering.

We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. Anna Kulma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Plant antioxidants
  • Genetic engineering
  • Transgenesis
  • Pathway manipulation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2940 KiB  
Article
Ectopic Expression of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1) Improves the Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Hairy Roots
by Sora Jin and Tae Kyung Hyun
Antioxidants 2020, 9(10), 922; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100922 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2851
Abstract
The development of genetically engineered cell cultures has been suggested as a potential approach for the production of target compounds from medicinal plants. In this study, we generated PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1)-overexpressing ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots to [...] Read more.
The development of genetically engineered cell cultures has been suggested as a potential approach for the production of target compounds from medicinal plants. In this study, we generated PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1)-overexpressing ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots to improve the production of anthocyanins, as well as the bioactivity (e.g., antioxidant and whitening activities) of ginseng. Based on differentially expressed gene analysis, we found that ectopic expression of PAP1 induced the expression of genes involved in the ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ (24 genes), and ‘flavonoid biosynthesis’ (17 genes) pathways, resulting in 191- to 341-fold increases in anthocyanin production compared to transgenic control (TC) hairy roots. Additionally, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots exhibited an approximately seven-fold higher DPPH-free radical scavenging activity and 10-fold higher ORAC value compared to the TC. In α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots strongly inhibited the accumulation of melanin by 50 to 59% compared to mock-control. Furthermore, results obtained by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and tyrosinase inhibition assay suggested that the anti-melanogenic activity of PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots is mediated by tyrosinase activity inhibition. Taken together, our results suggested that the ectopic expression of PAP1 is an effective strategy for the enhancement of anthocyanin production, which improves the biological activities of ginseng root cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants Antioxidants and Genetic Engineering)
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21 pages, 4287 KiB  
Article
Expression of the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene from Rat Leads to Oxidative Stress in Potato Plants
by Kamil Kostyn, Aleksandra Boba, Anna Kostyn, Bartosz Kozak, Michał Starzycki, Anna Kulma and Jan Szopa
Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080717 - 7 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3509
Abstract
Catecholamines are biogenic aromatic amines common among both animals and plants. In animals, they are synthesized via tyrosine hydroxylation, while both hydroxylation or decarboxylation of tyrosine are possible in plants, depending on the species, though no tyrosine hydroxylase—a counterpart of the animal enzyme—has [...] Read more.
Catecholamines are biogenic aromatic amines common among both animals and plants. In animals, they are synthesized via tyrosine hydroxylation, while both hydroxylation or decarboxylation of tyrosine are possible in plants, depending on the species, though no tyrosine hydroxylase—a counterpart of the animal enzyme—has been identified yet. It is known that in potato plants, it is the decarboxylation of tyrosine that leads to catecholamine production. In this paper, we present the effects of the induction of an alternative route of catecholamine production by introducing the tyrosine hydroxylase gene from rat. We demonstrate that an animal system can be used by the plant. However, it does not function to synthesize catecholamines. Instead, it leads to elevated reactive oxygen species content and a constant stress condition in the plant, which responds with elevated antioxidant levels and improved resistance to infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants Antioxidants and Genetic Engineering)
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16 pages, 1624 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Flux Analysis of Catechin Biosynthesis Pathways Using Nanosensor
by Habiba Kausar, Ghazala Ambrin, Mohammad K. Okla, Walid Soufan, Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi and Altaf Ahmad
Antioxidants 2020, 9(4), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040288 - 31 Mar 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2985
Abstract
(+)-Catechin is an important antioxidant of green tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Catechin is known for its positive role in anticancerous activity, extracellular matrix degradation, cell death regulation, diabetes, and other related disorders. As a result of enormous interest in and [...] Read more.
(+)-Catechin is an important antioxidant of green tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Catechin is known for its positive role in anticancerous activity, extracellular matrix degradation, cell death regulation, diabetes, and other related disorders. As a result of enormous interest in and great demand for catechin, its biosynthesis using metabolic engineering has become the subject of concentrated research with the aim of enhancing (+)-catechin production. Metabolic flux is an essential concept in the practice of metabolic engineering as it helps in the identification of the regulatory element of a biosynthetic pathway. In the present study, an attempt was made to analyze the metabolic flux of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway in order to decipher the regulatory element of this pathway. Firstly, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor (FLIP-Cat, fluorescence indicator protein for (+)-catechin) was developed for real-time monitoring of (+)-catechin flux. In vitro characterization of the purified protein of the nanosensor showed that the nanosensor was pH stable and (+)-catechin specific. Its calculated Kd was 139 µM. The nanosensor also performed real-time monitoring of (+)-catechin in bacterial cells. In the second step of this study, an entire (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway was constructed and expressed in E. coli in two sets of plasmid constructs: pET26b-PT7-rbs-PAL-PT7-rbs-4CL-PT7-rbs-CHS-PT7-rbs-CHI and pET26b-T7-rbs-F3H-PT7-rbs- DFR-PT7-rbs-LCR. The E. coli harboring the FLIP-Cat was transformed with these plasmid constructs. The metabolic flux analysis of (+)-catechin was carried out using the FLIP-Cat. The FLIP-Cat successfully monitored the flux of catechin after adding tyrosine, 4-coumaric acid, 4-coumaroyl CoA, naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydroquercetin, and leucocyanidin, individually, with the bacterial cells expressing the nanosensor as well as the genes of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway. Dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) was identified as the main regulatory element of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway. Information about this regulatory element of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway can be used for manipulating the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway using a metabolic engineering approach to enhance production of (+)-catechin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants Antioxidants and Genetic Engineering)
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