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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 11333

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jacek Kasznicki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Interests: NAFLD; oxidative stress; metabolic disorders
Dr. Melania Mikołajczyk-Solińska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Interests: diabetology; internal medicine; diabetes; clinical pharmacology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent meta-analyses show that the global prevalence of NAFLD is about 30%, making it the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this fact, and intensive basic and clinical research, the etiology of NAFLD is still not fully elucidated. Accumulating data gathered in recent years has provided evidence that oxidative stress is the main contributor to hepatic cell injury and death in patients with NAFLD. The modifications of the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium affect multiple organelles. It leads to not only to peroxidation of different lipids, but also dysfunction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oxidative damage may be counteracted by the antioxidant response, which may, however, also be impaired in patients with NAFLD. Nevertheless, the translation of data gathered in preclinical studies to clinical knowledge is never easy. That is why, although we know that oxidative stress is the main contributor to the development of NAFLD, we do not have clinically approved therapies with antioxidants that target specific reactive oxygen species.

This Special Issue will cover all aspects of the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the development of NAFLD and its complications. It also aims to provide knowledge of the new therapeutic targets and antioxidant interventions in NAFLD. This Special Issue invites the submission of original research, review articles, and meta-analyses.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jacek Kasznicki
Guest Editor

Dr. Melania Mikołajczyk-Solińska
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • NAFLD
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidant defence
  • antioxidants
  • inflammation
  • mitochondria
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • treatment of NAFLD
  • hepatotoxicity

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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19 pages, 2450 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Opuntia Extracts on a Model of Diet-Induced Steatosis
by Irene Besné-Eseverri, María Ángeles Martín, Gloria Lobo, M. Pilar Cano, María P. Portillo and Jenifer Trepiana
Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111416 - 19 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1185
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are widely recognised as factors that can initiate and facilitate the development of MAFLD. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of low and high doses of Opuntia stricta var. dillenii peel extract (L-OD and H-OD, [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are widely recognised as factors that can initiate and facilitate the development of MAFLD. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of low and high doses of Opuntia stricta var. dillenii peel extract (L-OD and H-OD, respectively) and Opuntia ficus-indica var. colorada pulp extract (L-OFI and H-OFI, respectively), which are rich in betalains and phenolic compounds, on oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis in rat livers with diet-induced steatosis. Steatotic diet led to increased final body and liver weight, serum transaminases, hepatic TG content, oxidative status and cell death. H-OFI treatment decreased serum AST levels, while L-OFI reduced hepatic TG accumulation. Oxidative stress was partially prevented with H-OD and H-OFI supplementation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were especially improved with H-OFI treatment. Moreover, H-OFI appears to prevent DNA damage markers. Finally, H-OD and L-OFI supplementation down-regulated the apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, both H-OD and H-OFI supplementation were effective in regulating the progression to metabolic steatohepatitis, triggering different mechanisms of action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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19 pages, 4473 KiB  
Article
Imeglimin Halts Liver Damage by Improving Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Nondiabetic Male Mouse Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
by Kosuke Kaji, Soichi Takeda, Satoshi Iwai, Norihisa Nishimura, Shinya Sato, Tadashi Namisaki, Takemi Akahane and Hitoshi Yoshiji
Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111415 - 18 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Imeglimin promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner and inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Meanwhile, imeglimin can improve mitochondrial function in hepatocytes. We used a nondiabetic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) model to examine the effects of imeglimin on MASH [...] Read more.
Imeglimin promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner and inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Meanwhile, imeglimin can improve mitochondrial function in hepatocytes. We used a nondiabetic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) model to examine the effects of imeglimin on MASH independent of its glucose-lowering action. Mice fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDA-HFD) were orally administered imeglimin (100 and 200 mg/kg twice daily), and MASH pathophysiology was evaluated after 8 weeks. Moreover, an in vitro study investigated the effects of imeglimin on palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatocytes. CDA-HFD-fed mice showed hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis without hyperglycemia. Imeglimin reduced hepatic steatosis in response to increased expression of β-oxidation-related markers. Imeglimin reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and increased mitochondrial biogenesis in CDA-HFD-fed mice. Consequently, imeglimin suppressed hepatocyte apoptosis and decreased macrophage infiltration with reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, suppressing hepatic fibrosis development. PA-stimulated hepatocytes induced lipogenesis, inflammatory cytokine production, and apoptosis, which were significantly suppressed by imeglimin. In mitochondrial function, imeglimin improved PA-stimulated decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial complexes activity, oxygen consumption rate, and mitochondrial biogenesis marker expression. In conclusion, imeglimin could contribute to prevention of MASH progression through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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22 pages, 9168 KiB  
Article
Role of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Lipophagy in Baicalin and N-Acetylcysteine Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Liver
by Jian Sun, Yan Chen, Tao Wang, Waseem Ali, Yonggang Ma, Zongping Liu and Hui Zou
Antioxidants 2024, 13(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010115 - 17 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2344
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major health concern globally and can accumulate and cause damage in the liver for which there is no approved treatment. Baicalin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been found to have protective effects against a variety of liver injuries, but it [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) is a major health concern globally and can accumulate and cause damage in the liver for which there is no approved treatment. Baicalin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been found to have protective effects against a variety of liver injuries, but it is not clear whether their combined use is effective in preventing and treating Cd-induced lipid accumulation. The study found that Cd increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and elevated the level of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Interestingly, mROS-mediated CMA exacerbates the Cd-induced inhibition of lipophagy. Baicalin and NAC counteracted inhibition of lipophagy by attenuating Cd-induced CMA, suggesting an interplay between CMA elevation, mitochondrial destruction, and mROS formation. Maintaining the stability of mitochondrial structure and function is essential for alleviating Cd-induced lipid accumulation in the liver. Choline is an essential component of the mitochondrial membrane and is responsible for maintaining its structure and function. Mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM) is involved in mitochondrial DNA transcriptional activation and replication. Our study revealed that the combination of baicalin and NAC can regulate choline metabolism through TFAM and thereby maintain mitochondrial structure and functionality. In summary, the combination of baicalin and NAC plays a more beneficial role in alleviating Cd-induced lipid accumulation than the drug alone, and the combination of baicalin and NAC can stabilize mitochondrial structure and function and inhibit mROS-mediated CMA through TFAM-choline, thereby promoting lipophagy to alleviate Cd-induced lipid accumulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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21 pages, 5902 KiB  
Article
Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Attenuates Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Activation
by Heechul Nam, Ji Hee Lim, Tae Woo Kim, Eun Nim Kim, Sae-Jong Oum, Si Hyun Bae and Cheol Whee Park
Antioxidants 2023, 12(12), 2040; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122040 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2486
Abstract
Oxidative stress is key in type 2 diabetes-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We explored whether extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to enhance antioxidant synthesis and lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Human recombinant EC-SOD (hEC-SOD) was administered to 8-week-old [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is key in type 2 diabetes-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We explored whether extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to enhance antioxidant synthesis and lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Human recombinant EC-SOD (hEC-SOD) was administered to 8-week-old male C57BLKS/J db/db mice through intraperitoneal injection once a week for 8 weeks. Target molecules involved in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism were investigated. hEC-SOD improved insulin resistance and systemic and hepatic oxidative stress characterized by increases in urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane levels in db/db mice and a decrease in DHE expression in the liver, respectively. Hepatic SOD3 expression in db/db mice was reversed by hEC-SOD, which improved hepatic steatosis, inflammation with M2 polarization, apoptosis, autophagy, fibrosis and lipid metabolism in db/db mice, as reflected by the changes in serum and hepatic markers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, TUNEL-positive cells, Bcl-2/BAX ratio, beclin1 and LC3-II/LC3-1. At the molecular level, hEC-SOD increased phosphorylated-AMPK related to CaMKKß, activation of peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and dephosphorylation of forkhead box O (FoxO)1 and their subsequent downstream signaling. In HepG2Cs cells using AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 siRNA, hEC-SOD demonstrated a protective effect via the direct activation of both AMPK-PGC-1α and AMPK-FoxO1. EC-SOD might be a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD through the activation of AMPK-PGC-1α and AMPK-FoxO1 signaling in hepatocytes, which modulates lipid metabolism, leading to anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects and improving autophagy in the liver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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39 pages, 1576 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
by Kiana Mohammadian, Fatemeh Fakhar, Shayan Keramat and Agata Stanek
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070797 - 29 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2821
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that causes liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In 2020, a proposal was made to refer to it as “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that causes liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In 2020, a proposal was made to refer to it as “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)”, with concise diagnostic criteria. Given its widespread occurrence, its treatment is crucial. Increased levels of oxidative stress cause this disease. This review aims to evaluate various studies on antioxidant therapies for patients with MAFLD. A comprehensive search for relevant research was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases, resulting in the identification of 87 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 31.1% of human studies used natural antioxidants, 53.3% used synthetic antioxidants, and 15.5% used both natural and synthetic antioxidants. In human-based studies, natural antioxidants showed 100% efficacy in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants showed effective results in only 91% of the investigations. In animal-based research, natural antioxidants were fully effective in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants demonstrated effectiveness in only 87.8% of the evaluations. In conclusion, antioxidants in their natural form are more helpful for patients with MAFLD, and preserving the correct balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants is a useful way to monitor antioxidant treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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