Antioxidant Effects of Natural Compounds on Cell Metabolism

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 12 January 2026 | Viewed by 1618

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Interests: antioxidants; oxidative stress; red blood cells; oxygen; metabolic pathways; flavonoids; lipid peroxidation; hemoglobin; erythrocyte metabolism; blood; free radicals; free radical scavengers
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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Interests: blood; red blood cells; hemoglobin; erythrocyte membranes; oxygen; oxidative stress; antioxidant activity; natural compounds; lipid peroxidation; free radicals; free radical scavengers; adenosine triphosphate; erythrocyte metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organisms possess countless metabolic and biosynthetic capacities that constitute a rich source of new opportunities to discover functions and pathways that are still unknown and for which the identification of all enzymatic functions in a pathway is essential. Maintaining the proper functioning of the thousands of biochemical reactions that take place inside cells that can be exposed to various natural stressors or that result from environmental pollution is the key to safeguarding life itself.

Oxidative stress can be caused by an imbalance between the cell’s antioxidant defenses and free radical generation. For this reason, it is important to improve cellular antioxidant systems that are given by a combination of molecules, complexes, and biochemical processes that protect the cell from oxidative insults.

Cellular metabolism and its dysregulation plays a key role in the biochemistry of the onset of many diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration.

In light of the historical moment following the COVID-19 pandemic, in which the attention of the entire scientific community was focused on the development and therapeutic potential of new molecules, this Special Issue aims to bring together new scientific research aimed at outlining advances in the discovery of new enzyme functions and metabolic pathways, studying the potential effects of natural compounds on cell metabolism and human health.

The antioxidant properties of natural compounds are emerging as effective agents against many chronic and progressive human diseases related to aging by reducing oxidative stress and simultaneously suppressing free radicals and the formation of reactive oxygen species in various metabolic reactions at the cellular level.

In this context, the multiplicity of bioactive molecules that presents in nature, which is associated with a potential metabolic effect, represents an excellent option to improve immune response against disease and can be a valid alternative to synthetic drugs. Knowledge of the mechanisms involving the alteration of energy metabolism, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and the imbalance between cell proliferation and death represent useful tools with which to create new and more effective therapeutic approaches to ensure a better quality of life. Therefore, the study of potential natural mediators of cellular metabolism has become an interesting research topic.

In this Special Issue, the main focus will be on the involvement of natural compounds on cell metabolism under physiological conditions and the potential antioxidant activities against disease progression. It is possible to improve this new field with original research articles and/or reviews.

Prof. Dr. Ester Tellone
Dr. Annamaria Russo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • metabolic pathways
  • dietary intake
  • blood cells
  • bioactive compounds

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 2430 KiB  
Article
Impact of a Formulation Containing Chaga Extract, Coenzyme Q10, and Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress: NMR Metabolomic Insights into Cellular Energy
by Maria D’Elia, Carmen Marino, Rita Celano, Enza Napolitano, Chiara Colarusso, Rosalinda Sorrentino, Anna Maria D’Ursi and Luca Rastrelli
Antioxidants 2025, 14(6), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060753 - 18 Jun 2025
Viewed by 609
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel antioxidant formulation (RE:PAIR, RP-25) containing CoQ10, alpha-lipoic acid, and Chaga extract on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. To explore the activity of the formulation on neuronal cells, we explored [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel antioxidant formulation (RE:PAIR, RP-25) containing CoQ10, alpha-lipoic acid, and Chaga extract on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. To explore the activity of the formulation on neuronal cells, we explored cell metabolism and its activity as an antioxidant, using a combination of NMR-based metabolomics and UHPLC-HRMS analytical techniques. Methods: SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with RP-25, and cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assay. Metabolomic profiles of the treated and untreated cells were analyzed by 1D-NMR, providing insights into both intracellular metabolites (endometabolome) and excreted metabolites (exometabolome). Additionally, a UHPLC-HRMS method was developed for quality control and analysis of the RP-25 formulation. Multivariate statistical approaches, including PLS-DA and volcano plot analyses, were used to identify key metabolic changes. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by means of TMRE assay, while radical oxygen species (ROS) were measured by means of the DCHF assay. Results: RP-25 treatment did not affect cell viability but significantly increased metabolic pathways, including amino acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. Higher levels of ATP, glutamate, tyrosine, and proline were observed in treated cells than in control cells, indicating enhanced cellular energy production, as also proved by the increased stability of the mitochondrial membrane after RP-25 treatment, an index of preserved mitochondrial functions. In support, the formulation RP-25 showed antioxidant activity when cells underwent peroxide oxygen stimulation. This effect was mainly due to the combination of Chaga, CoQ10, and ALA, main components of the RP25 formulation. Moreover, the analysis of enriched pathways highlighted that RP formulation influenced mitochondrial energy and oxidative stress response. Conclusions: RP-25 demonstrated biological activity in that it mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neuronal cells, with potential implications in neuronal diseases associated with dysfunctional mitochondria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Effects of Natural Compounds on Cell Metabolism)
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19 pages, 6098 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid Alleviates the Rabbit Dermal Papilla Cell Oxidative Damage Caused by Hydrogen Peroxide Through the ERK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
by Xiaosong Wang, Shu Li, Jiali Chen, Lei Liu and Fuchang Li
Antioxidants 2025, 14(4), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14040455 - 11 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 747
Abstract
As an endogenous metabolite, α-ketoglutarate (AKG) exhibits potent antioxidant properties, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Dermal Papilla Cells (DPCs), functioning as the regulatory hub of hair follicle morphogenesis, serve as a pivotal model system for deciphering follicular functionality and regeneration mechanisms through [...] Read more.
As an endogenous metabolite, α-ketoglutarate (AKG) exhibits potent antioxidant properties, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Dermal Papilla Cells (DPCs), functioning as the regulatory hub of hair follicle morphogenesis, serve as a pivotal model system for deciphering follicular functionality and regeneration mechanisms through their orchestration of signaling networks. Using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress model in DPCs, we investigated AKG’s protective effects. AKG attenuated H2O2-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed apoptosis-related protein dysregulation. It enhanced cellular stress resistance by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, boosting antioxidant levels, and inhibiting inflammation. Mechanistically, H2O2 activated the Nrf2 pathway, while AKG amplified Nrf2 nuclear translocation and expression. Crucially, ERK inhibition abrogated AKG-mediated Nrf2 regulation, intensifying ROS accumulation and cell death. These results identify the ERK/Nrf2 axis as central to AKG’s antioxidative cytoprotection. This study advances AKG’s therapeutic potential and deepens insights into its multifunctional roles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Effects of Natural Compounds on Cell Metabolism)
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