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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antibiotic Resistance and Intensive Care Unit
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Antibiotic Resistance and Intensive Care Unit

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 August 2021) | Viewed by 10323

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ceccarelli Giancarlo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Interests: infectious diseases; global health; migrants; difficult to treat infection; multidrug resistant organisms; MDROs; antibiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Alessandri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: critical care medicine; intensive care medicine; sepsis; pneumonia; extracorporeal techniques; infections in ICU
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More than one-third of intensive care unit (ICU) patients develop an infection during their stay and antibiotic resistance is a serious challenge in the treatment of such conditions. Of particular concern is the misuse or overuse of antibiotics, which has led to the development of resistant or super-resistant bacterial strains. Minimization of broad‐spectrum antibiotic use and prompt antibiotic administration aid in the reduction of antibiotic resistance. However, areas where further research is required are investigation into the heterogeneity of critically ill patients and the need for new antibacterial drug development. The purpose of this Special Issue of Antibiotics is to present a collection of the latest high quality research in this field, with a particular focus on antibiotic therapy against multidrug resistant bacteria in intensive care patients.

Dr. Giancarlo Ceccarelli
Dr. Francesco Alessandri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Critical care
  • multidrug resistance
  • ICU
  • antibiotic resistance

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 687 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Daptomycin-Containing Regimen for Treatment of Staphylococcal or Enterococcal Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Prospective Clinical Experience
by Alessandro Russo, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Valeria Bellelli, Luigi Bianchi, Federica Marincola Cattaneo, Fabrizio Gregori, Valeria Palmarini, Nicola Marotta, Alessandro Landi, Alessandro Cuzzolino, Matteo Stefanini, Alessandro Aureli, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Mario Venditti, Gabriella d’Ettorre and Francesco Sabetta
Antibiotics 2020, 9(12), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120889 - 10 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2608
Abstract
Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a compelling clinical entity for clinicians, because of its insidious and indolent course that makes diagnosis difficult. A concern is reported about the choice of antibiotic regimens, duration of therapy, and criteria to switch to oral therapy. We conducted [...] Read more.
Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a compelling clinical entity for clinicians, because of its insidious and indolent course that makes diagnosis difficult. A concern is reported about the choice of antibiotic regimens, duration of therapy, and criteria to switch to oral therapy. We conducted a prospective observational study. All consecutive hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of VO caused by staphylococcal or enterococcal strains were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the analysis of clinical cure at the end of therapy. A propensity score for receiving therapy with daptomycin was added to the model. During the study period, 60 episodes of confirmed VO were observed. The main etiology of infection was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (29%). Overall, clinical failure at end of therapy was reported in 11 (18.3%) patients. Logistic regression analysis, after propensity score, showed that >2 vertebrae involved (OR 2.4, CI95% 1.12–5.24, p = 0.002) and inadequate drainage of infection (OR 4.8, CI95% 2.45–8.51, p < 0.001) were independently associated with failure of therapy, while the use of a daptomycin-containing-regimen (OR 0.15, CI 95% 0.04–0.46, p < 0.001) with clinical cure. VO caused by staphylococcal or enterococcal strains is associated with an important rate of clinical failure. Daptomycin-containing regimen was strongly associated with clinical cure. Considering that over 70% of VO etiology is caused by Gram-positive strains but the etiology of infection is obtained in about 75% of cases, these data may help physicians to choose the appropriate antibiotic regimen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Intensive Care Unit)
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11 pages, 620 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Colistin versus Colistin Plus Meropenem for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Critically Ill Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
by Wasan Katip, Suriyon Uitrakul and Peninnah Oberdorfer
Antibiotics 2020, 9(10), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100647 - 28 Sep 2020
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 4341
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), an important nosocomial pathogen, occurs particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of documented treatment with colistin monotherapy versus colistin plus meropenem in critically ill patients [...] Read more.
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), an important nosocomial pathogen, occurs particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of documented treatment with colistin monotherapy versus colistin plus meropenem in critically ill patients with CRAB infections at Chiang Mai University Hospital (CMUH). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients with CRAB infections in an ICU from 2015 to 2017, who received colistin monotherapy versus colistin plus meropenem. After propensity score matching, an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of a 30-day mortality rate in patients who received colistin plus meropenem was 0.43 compared to those who received colistin monotherapy (95% CI, 0.23–0.82, p = 0.01). aORs of clinical response and microbiological response were also higher in patients who received colistin plus meropenem (1.81, 95% CI 1.01–3.26, p = 0.048 and 2.08, 95% CI 1.11–3.91, p = 0.023, respectively). There was no significant difference in nephrotoxicity (aOR, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.43–1.36, p = 0.363) between colistin monotherapy and colistin plus meropenem. In conclusion, the addition of meropenem to colistin caused a reduction in 30-day mortality, higher clinical and microbiological responses, and did not increase nephrotoxicity compared to colistin monotherapy. Furthermore, 30-day mortality was significantly related with age, receiving vasopressor, having malignancy, and the APACHE II score. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Intensive Care Unit)
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8 pages, 359 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Attempt to Predict Risk of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Influenza: Decision Trees May Help?
by Valeria Bellelli, Guido Siccardi, Livia Conte, Luigi Celani, Elena Congeduti, Cristian Borrazzo, Letizia Santinelli, Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti, Claudia Pinacchio, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Mario Venditti and Gabriella d’Ettorre
Antibiotics 2020, 9(10), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100644 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2421
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is typically considered a disease of immunocompromised patients, but, recently, many cases have been reported in patients without typical risk factors. The aim of our study is to develop a risk predictive model for IPA through machine learning techniques [...] Read more.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is typically considered a disease of immunocompromised patients, but, recently, many cases have been reported in patients without typical risk factors. The aim of our study is to develop a risk predictive model for IPA through machine learning techniques (decision trees) in patients with influenza. We conducted a retrospective observational study analyzing data regarding patients diagnosed with influenza hospitalized at the University Hospital “Umberto I” of Rome during the 2018-2019 season. We collected five IPA cases out of 77 influenza patients. Although the small sample size is a limit, the most vulnerable patients among the influenza-infected population seem to be those with evidence of lymphocytopenia and those that received corticosteroid therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance and Intensive Care Unit)
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