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Antibiotics
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The Control of Gut Microbiota: Antibiotics Alternatives and Fecal Microbiota...
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The Control of Gut Microbiota: Antibiotics Alternatives and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 9858

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Beatriz Vázquez Belda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
Interests: microbiota; micobiota; antimicrobials; nutrition; health; food and feed
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the health of living organisms due to its involvement in digestive metabolism, the immune system, brain function, etc. This implies that altering the gut microbiota, for example, through the use of antibiotics, leads to dysbiosis, which can trigger diseases or contribute to worsening pathophysiological conditions.

Antibiotics are the standard treatment of choice to combat bacterial infections, but they kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria, which can lead to a loss of microbial diversity, an overgrowth of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, and an imbalance between bacterial communities and those of other microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., fungi, archaea, protists, algae, viruses).

There are several potential approaches to control and restore a healthy gut microbiota, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and fecal transplantation of microorganisms.

All these approaches show promise, but more research is needed to fully understand their effects on the gut microbiota and their potential to treat various health conditions. The aim of this Special Issue is to update and compile all the scientific knowledge that currently exists on alternatives to antibiotic treatments and the control of gut microbiota.

Prof. Dr. Beatriz Vázquez Belda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiota
  • antimicrobials
  • fecal transplantation
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • postbiotics
  • antimicrobial natural substances
  • dysbiosis
  • gut

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 4559 KiB  
Article
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Young Broiler Chickens Challenged by Oral Gavage but Not by Seeder Birds
by Jinji Pang, Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi, Torey Looft, Qijing Zhang and Orhan Sahin
Antibiotics 2023, 12(10), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12101503 - 2 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1979
Abstract
Campylobacter spp., particularly C. jejuni and C. coli, are major food safety concerns, transmitted to humans mainly via contaminated poultry meat. In a previous study, we found that some commercial broiler farms consistently produced Campylobacter-free flocks while others consistently reared Campylobacter [...] Read more.
Campylobacter spp., particularly C. jejuni and C. coli, are major food safety concerns, transmitted to humans mainly via contaminated poultry meat. In a previous study, we found that some commercial broiler farms consistently produced Campylobacter-free flocks while others consistently reared Campylobacter-colonized flocks, and significant differences in the gut microbiota compositions between the two types of farm categories were revealed. Therefore, we hypothesized that gut microbiota influences Campylobacter colonization in poultry and that the microbiota from Campylobacter-free flocks may confer colonization resistance to Campylobacter in the chicken intestine. In this study, two fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) trials were performed to test the hypothesis. Newly hatched chicks were given FMT via oral gavage of the cecal content of Campylobacter-free adult chickens (treatment groups) or PBS (control groups) before the feed consumption. Approximately two weeks after the FMT, the birds were challenged with C. jejuni either by oral gavage (trial 1) or by co-mingling with Campylobacter-colonized seeder birds (trial 2) to evaluate the potential protective effect of the FMT. Cecal contents were collected (3 times, 5 days apart) to determine the Campylobacter colonization levels via culture and microbiota compositions via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FMT reduced cecal Campylobacter colonization significantly (log10 1.2–2.54 CFU/g) in trial 1 but not in trial 2, although FMT significantly impacted the diversity and compositions of the gut microbiota in both trials. Several genera, such as Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Bilophila, Fournierella, Phascolarctobacterium, and Helicobacter, had increased abundance in the FMT-treated groups in both trials. Furthermore, Campylobacter abundance was found to be negatively correlated with the Escherichia and Ruminococcus_torques_group genera. These findings indicate that even though FMT with adult cecal microbiota can positively affect the subsequent development of the gut microbiota in young broilers, its inhibitory effect on Campylobacter colonization varies and appears to be influenced by the challenge models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Control of Gut Microbiota: Antibiotics Alternatives and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation)
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Review

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27 pages, 1795 KiB  
Review
Exploring Therapeutic Advances: A Comprehensive Review of Intestinal Microbiota Modulators
by Lara Pires, Ana M. González-Paramás, Sandrina A. Heleno and Ricardo C. Calhelha
Antibiotics 2024, 13(8), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080720 - 1 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2318
Abstract
The gut microbiota establishes a mutually beneficial relationship with the host starting from birth, impacting diverse metabolic and immunological processes. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance of microorganisms, is linked to numerous medical conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders. This imbalance [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota establishes a mutually beneficial relationship with the host starting from birth, impacting diverse metabolic and immunological processes. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance of microorganisms, is linked to numerous medical conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders. This imbalance promotes the proliferation of toxin-producing bacteria, disrupts the host’s equilibrium, and initiates inflammation. Genetic factors, dietary choices, and drug use can modify the gut microbiota. However, there is optimism. Several therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, microbe-derived products, and microbial substrates, aim to alter the microbiome. This review thoroughly explores the therapeutic potential of these microbiota modulators, analysing recent studies to evaluate their efficacy and limitations. It underscores the promise of microbiota-based therapies for treating dysbiosis-related conditions. This article aims to ensure practitioners feel well-informed and up to date on the most influential methods in this evolving field by providing a comprehensive review of current research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Control of Gut Microbiota: Antibiotics Alternatives and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation)
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18 pages, 356 KiB  
Review
A Comparison of Currently Available and Investigational Fecal Microbiota Transplant Products for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
by Yifan Wang, Aaron Hunt, Larry Danziger and Emily N. Drwiega
Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050436 - 12 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1970
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an intestinal infection that causes morbidity and mortality and places significant burden and cost on the healthcare system, especially in recurrent cases. Antibiotic overuse is well recognized as the leading cause of CDI in high-risk patients, and studies [...] Read more.
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an intestinal infection that causes morbidity and mortality and places significant burden and cost on the healthcare system, especially in recurrent cases. Antibiotic overuse is well recognized as the leading cause of CDI in high-risk patients, and studies have demonstrated that even short-term antibiotic exposure can cause a large and persistent disturbance to human colonic microbiota. The recovery and sustainability of the gut microbiome after dysbiosis have been associated with fewer CDI recurrences. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) refers to the procedure in which human donor stool is processed and transplanted to a patient with CDI. It has been historically used in patients with pseudomembranous colitis even before the discovery of Clostridioides difficile. More recent research supports the use of FMT as part of the standard therapy of recurrent CDI. This article will be an in-depth review of five microbiome therapeutic products that are either under investigation or currently commercially available: Rebyota (fecal microbiota, live-jslm, formerly RBX2660), Vowst (fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk, formerly SER109), VE303, CP101, and RBX7455. Included in this review is a comparison of the products’ composition and dosage forms, available safety and efficacy data, and investigational status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Control of Gut Microbiota: Antibiotics Alternatives and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation)
22 pages, 799 KiB  
Review
The Importance of a Healthy Microbiome in Pregnancy and Infancy and Microbiota Treatment to Reverse Dysbiosis for Improved Health
by Herbert L. DuPont and Madeleine Mary Hines Salge
Antibiotics 2023, 12(11), 1617; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111617 - 11 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2698
Abstract
Background: The microbiome of newborn infants during the first 1000 days, influenced early on by their mothers’ microbiome health, mode of delivery and breast feeding, orchestrates the education and programming of the infant’s immune system and determines in large part the general health [...] Read more.
Background: The microbiome of newborn infants during the first 1000 days, influenced early on by their mothers’ microbiome health, mode of delivery and breast feeding, orchestrates the education and programming of the infant’s immune system and determines in large part the general health of the infant for years. Methods: PubMed was reviewed for maternal infant microbiome health and microbiota therapy in this setting with prebiotics, probiotics, vaginal seeding and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results: A healthy nonobese mother, vaginal delivery and strict breast feeding contribute to microbiome health in a newborn and young infant. With reduced microbiome diversity (dysbiosis) during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, prematurity, and formula feeding contribute to dysbiosis in the newborn. Microbiota therapy is an important approach to repair dysbiosis in pregnant women and their infants. Currently available probiotics can have favorable metabolic effects on mothers and infants, but these effects are variable. In research settings, reversal of infant dysbiosis can be achieved via vaginal seeding or FMT. Next generation probiotics in development should replace current probiotics and FMT. Conclusions: The most critical phase of human microbiome development is in the first 2–3 years of life. Preventing and treating dysbiosis during pregnancy and early life can have a profound effect on an infant’s later health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Control of Gut Microbiota: Antibiotics Alternatives and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation)
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