Antibiotic Therapy in Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 770

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; respiratory diseases; microbiome; public health

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Guest Editor
Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: epidemiology; biostatistics; machine learning; health science; public health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide and represent a major global health burden. They cause significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. Antibiotic therapy remains key for the treatment of RTIs, but its use is often restricted by the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance due to overuse, inadequate prescribing practices, and diagnostic difficulties.

This special issue will explore the challenges and recent developments in antibiotic therapy for RTIs, including novel diagnostic tools, different aspects of RTI management, optimized dosing strategies, the effectiveness of innovations in the fight against antibiotic resistance in RTIs, mechanisms of resistance, impacts on host immunity and microbiome dynamics, antibiotic stewardship initiatives, and public health interventions.

Sharing results from this area of research will provide valuable insights into current clinical practices, barriers to compliance, and innovative strategies for improving patient care and therapeutic outcomes while mitigating risks associated with inappropriate antibiotic utilization.

Dr. Ágnes Tóth
Prof. Dr. Attila Csaba Nagy
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antibiotic therapy
  • respiratory tract infections
  • clinical guidelines
  • prescribing practices
  • antibacterial resistance
  • antimicrobial stewardship

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 351 KiB  
Article
Role of Antipseudomonal Antibiotics in Older Patients with Aspiration Pneumonia: A Nationwide Database Study in Japan
by Ryohei Kudoh, Daisuke Yoneoka, Akihiko Hagiwara, Hisayuki Shuto, Shota Omori, Kiyohide Fushimi and Kosaku Komiya
Antibiotics 2025, 14(8), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080743 - 24 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background: Aspiration pneumonia is increasingly recognized as a fatal pulmonary disease among older people. Although antipseudomonal antibiotics are commonly used in clinical practice, their efficacy in this population remains uncertain. Methods: Nationwide data collected from patients aged ≥65 years who were [...] Read more.
Background: Aspiration pneumonia is increasingly recognized as a fatal pulmonary disease among older people. Although antipseudomonal antibiotics are commonly used in clinical practice, their efficacy in this population remains uncertain. Methods: Nationwide data collected from patients aged ≥65 years who were hospitalized due to aspiration pneumonia from January 2018 to December 2018 were analyzed. The in-hospital mortality between patients who received antipseudomonal antibiotics within 3 days of hospital admission and those who did not were compared. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of antipseudomonal antibiotics on in-hospital mortality after adjusting for potential prognostic confounders. Results: This study included 46,980 patients, and 13,340 (28.4%) patients received antipseudomonal antibiotics. In total, 7011 (14.9%) patients died during hospitalization. Advanced age, male sex, a lower body mass index, decreased Barthel Index, impaired consciousness, interstitial pneumonia, malignancy, renal failure, and use of immunosuppressive agents were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality. After adjusting for the confounders, the use of antipseudomonal antibiotics was found to be associated with an elevated in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 1.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.26–1.41; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this nationwide data analysis of older patients with aspiration pneumonia, early antipseudomonal antibiotic administration did not improve prognosis. Therefore, the routine use of antipseudomonal antibiotics should be avoided in older patients with aspiration pneumonia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Therapy in Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs))
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