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Antibiotics
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Antibiotic Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilms
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Antibiotic Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilms

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2020) | Viewed by 27869

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fany Reffuveille

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 BIOS lab, Reims, France
Interests: biofilm; bone and joint infections; antibiofilm; internalization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics is increasingly threatening, we must not forget that all bacteria have a powerful and natural property: the ability to form biofilms.

These biofilms, tolerant of 10 to 100 times the MIC of conventional antibiotics, are a major issue for public health. It is urgent to better decipher biofilms and develop antibiofilm strategies.

The biofilm structure, its heterogeneity, and even imbedded bacteria metabolism are potential factors contributing to biofilm tolerance to antibiotics. Thus, a better understanding of biofilms, of how and why they are formed, and of their supporting environments, will allow a better development of adapted strategies (prevention, weakening, disruption, killing) to counter them. To achieve this goal, better in vitro and in vivo models need to be developed.

This Special Issue seeks manuscript submissions that further our understanding of biofilm tolerance to antibiotics, the involved mechanisms, and the development of antibiofilm strategies.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:
• Biofilms mechanisms
• Identification of mechanisms involved in antibiotic tolerance
• Identification of bacterial targets against biofilm
• Antibiofilm molecules
• In vitro or in vivo biofilm models development

Dr. Fany Reffuveille
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biofilm
  • antibiotics
  • tolerance
  • antibiofilm strategies

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 817 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: One Step Closer to a Standardized Method
by Carmen Lozano, María López, Beatriz Rojo-Bezares and Yolanda Sáenz
Antibiotics 2020, 9(12), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120880 - 9 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3772
Abstract
The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilm during a long-term infection makes it difficult to treat patients correctly. The current clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods are based on the study of planktonic strains. A standardized protocol to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility in [...] Read more.
The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilm during a long-term infection makes it difficult to treat patients correctly. The current clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods are based on the study of planktonic strains. A standardized protocol to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility in biofilms is necessary for routine laboratories. The aims of this study were to develop a simple biofilm model and to study the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains in biofilm growth. Different artificial sputum media, and aerobiosis and microaerobiosis conditions were analyzed using a microtiter plate method and P. aeruginosa PAO1 as reference strain. Planktonic and biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility to cefepime, imipenem, azithromycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin were determined in clinical and non-clinical P. aeruginosa strains. The Synthetic Cystic Fibrosis Medium was proposed as a good medium. The biofilm greatly increased the resistance to tested antimicrobials, except for azithromycin. Cefepime and imipenem showed poor anti-biofilm effect while tobramycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin showed good activity in some strains. Azithromycin showed a better activity in biofilm than in planktonic state when aerobic conditions were used. This study establishes useful information to test antimicrobial susceptibility in P. aeruginosa biofilms, and includes possible antimicrobial options to treat long-term infected patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilms)
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16 pages, 2260 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Supplemented Medical-Grade Honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Eradication
by Carlos C. F. Pleeging, Tom Coenye, Dimitris Mossialos, Hilde de Rooster, Daniela Chrysostomou, Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener and Niels A. J. Cremers
Antibiotics 2020, 9(12), 866; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120866 - 4 Dec 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 7131
Abstract
Biofilms hinder wound healing. Medical-grade honey (MGH) is a promising therapy because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the lack of risk for resistance. This study investigated the inhibitory and eradicative activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by different established MGH-based wound care [...] Read more.
Biofilms hinder wound healing. Medical-grade honey (MGH) is a promising therapy because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the lack of risk for resistance. This study investigated the inhibitory and eradicative activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by different established MGH-based wound care formulations. Six different natural wound care products (Medihoney, Revamil, Mebo, Melladerm, L-Mesitran Ointment, and L-Mesitran Soft) were tested in vitro. Most of them contain MGH only, whereas some were supplemented. L-Mesitran Soft demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial activity (6.08-log inhibition and 3.18-log eradication). Other formulations ranged between 0.89-log and 4.80-log inhibition and 0.65-log and 1.66-log eradication. Therefore, the contribution of different ingredients of L-Mesitran Soft was investigated in more detail. The activity of the same batch of raw MGH (1.38-log inhibition and 2.35-log eradication), vitamins C and E (0.95-log inhibition and 0.94-log eradication), and all ingredients except MGH (1.69-log inhibition and 0.75-log eradication) clearly support a synergistic activity of components within the L-Mesitran Soft formulation. Several presented clinical cases illustrate its clinical antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. In conclusion, MGH is a potent treatment for Pseudomonas biofilms. L-Mesitran Soft has the strongest antimicrobial activity, which is likely due to the synergistic activity mediated by its supplements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilms)
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22 pages, 5754 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Role of Pharyngeal Cell Surface Glycans in Group A Streptococcus Biofilm Formation
by Heema K. N. Vyas, Anuk D. Indraratna, Arun Everest-Dass, Nicolle H. Packer, David M. P. De Oliveira, Marie Ranson, Jason D. McArthur and Martina L. Sanderson-Smith
Antibiotics 2020, 9(11), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110775 - 4 Nov 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4036
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes 700 million infections and accounts for half a million deaths per year. Antibiotic treatment failure rates of 20–40% have been observed. The role host cell glycans play in GAS biofilm formation in the context of GAS pharyngitis and [...] Read more.
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes 700 million infections and accounts for half a million deaths per year. Antibiotic treatment failure rates of 20–40% have been observed. The role host cell glycans play in GAS biofilm formation in the context of GAS pharyngitis and subsequent antibiotic treatment failure has not been previously investigated. GAS serotype M12 GAS biofilms were assessed for biofilm formation on Detroit 562 pharyngeal cell monolayers following enzymatic removal of all N-linked glycans from pharyngeal cells with PNGase F. Removal of N-linked glycans resulted in an increase in biofilm biomass compared to untreated controls. Further investigation into the removal of terminal mannose and sialic acid residues with α1-6 mannosidase and the broad specificity sialidase (Sialidase A) also found that biofilm biomass increased significantly when compared to untreated controls. Increases in biofilm biomass were associated with increased production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Furthermore, it was found that M12 GAS biofilms grown on untreated pharyngeal monolayers exhibited a 2500-fold increase in penicillin tolerance compared to planktonic GAS. Pre-treatment of monolayers with exoglycosidases resulted in a further doubling of penicillin tolerance in resultant biofilms. Lastly, an additional eight GAS emm-types were assessed for biofilm formation in response to terminal mannose and sialic acid residue removal. As seen for M12, biofilm biomass on monolayers increased following removal of terminal mannose and sialic acid residues. Collectively, these data demonstrate that pharyngeal cell surface glycan structures directly impact GAS biofilm formation in a strain and glycan specific fashion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilms)
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11 pages, 3572 KiB  
Communication
Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Confers Antibiotic Tolerance in Part via A Protein-Dependent Mechanism
by Skander Hathroubi, Julia Zerebinski, Aaron Clarke and Karen M. Ottemann
Antibiotics 2020, 9(6), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060355 - 24 Jun 2020
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4619
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a WHO class I carcinogen, is one of the most successful human pathogens colonizing the stomach of over 4.4 billion of the world’s population. Antibiotic therapy represents the best solution but poor response rates have hampered the elimination of H. [...] Read more.
Helicobacter pylori, a WHO class I carcinogen, is one of the most successful human pathogens colonizing the stomach of over 4.4 billion of the world’s population. Antibiotic therapy represents the best solution but poor response rates have hampered the elimination of H. pylori. A growing body of evidence suggests that H. pylori forms biofilms, but the role of this growth mode in infection remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that H. pylori cells within a biofilm are tolerant to multiple antibiotics in a manner that depends partially on extracellular proteins. Biofilm-forming cells were tolerant to multiple antibiotics that target distinct pathways, including amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and tetracycline. Furthermore, this tolerance was significantly dampened following proteinase K treatment. These data suggest that H. pylori adapts its phenotype during biofilm growth resulting in decreased antibiotic susceptibility but this tolerance can be partially ameliorated by extracellular protease treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilms)
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Review

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18 pages, 2405 KiB  
Review
Antibiotic Tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm in Periprosthetic Joint Infections and Antibiofilm Strategies
by Fabien Lamret, Marius Colin, Céline Mongaret, Sophie C. Gangloff and Fany Reffuveille
Antibiotics 2020, 9(9), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090547 - 27 Aug 2020
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 7206
Abstract
The need for bone and joint prostheses is currently growing due to population aging, leading to an increase in prosthetic joint infection cases. Biofilms represent an adaptive and quite common bacterial response to several stress factors which confer an important protection to bacteria. [...] Read more.
The need for bone and joint prostheses is currently growing due to population aging, leading to an increase in prosthetic joint infection cases. Biofilms represent an adaptive and quite common bacterial response to several stress factors which confer an important protection to bacteria. Biofilm formation starts with bacterial adhesion on a surface, such as an orthopedic prosthesis, further reinforced by matrix synthesis. The biofilm formation and structure depend on the immediate environment of the bacteria. In the case of infection, the periprosthetic joint environment represents a particular interface between bacteria, host cells, and the implant, favoring biofilm initiation and maturation. Treating such an infection represents a huge challenge because of the biofilm-specific high tolerance to antibiotics and its ability to evade the immune system. It is crucial to understand these mechanisms in order to find new and adapted strategies to prevent and eradicate implant-associated infections. Therefore, adapted models mimicking the infectious site are of utmost importance to recreate a relevant environment in order to test potential antibiofilm molecules. In periprosthetic joint infections, Staphylococcus aureus is mainly involved because of its high adaptation to the human physiology. The current review deals with the mechanisms involved in the antibiotic resistance and tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus in the particular periprosthetic joint infection context, and exposes different strategies to manage these infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilms)
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