Risks and Current Knowledge of Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics in Animal Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 2403

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro 1158, Université de Lille, Lille, France
Interests: antimicrobial peptides synthesized by the ribsomal pathway (bacteriocins); probiotics; microbial ecology; alternatives to antibiotics; antibiotic resistance; animal health; food bioconservation
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Guest Editor Assistant
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; companion animals; surveillance; hospital-acquired infections; veterinary medicine; antimicrobial stewardship

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the global overview of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), several efforts have been made to better understand and control its spread in livestock animals, because a major proportion of veterinary antibiotics (in Europe, around 90-95%) is used on them. But in recent years, following the One Health approach, companion animals (mainly dogs and cats) have also been receiving more and more attention. The evidence of the transmission of AMR bacteria, genes, and genetic mobile elements has been described by multiple studies, and their role in AMR dynamics is increasing in importance for four main reasons: first, their increasing presence in family households, especially in high-income countries; second, the more frequent direct contact they have with humans compared with livestock or wildlife; third, the frequent use of the same antibiotics for the same pathologies, with an enhanced opportunity to develop the same resistances; and fourth, the risk of bidirectional transmission, not only animal-to-human but also human-to-animal (reverse zoonosis), with a major risk of developing infections not treatable with drugs licensed for companion animals, and their potential emergence as maintenance reservoirs of AMR.

This Special Issue aims to better investigate the current evidence and future perspectives of the real role occupied by companion animals in global AMR epidemiology.

Prof. Dr. Djamel Drider
Guest Editor

Dr. Raffaele Scarpellini
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • companion animals
  • dogs
  • cats
  • clinically important antibiotics
  • One Health
  • reverse zoonosis
  • zoonosis
  • AMR epidemiology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 570 KB  
Article
Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Indicator Bacteria and Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Commercial Raw-Meat-Based Food for Dogs and Cats in Belgium
by Junjia He, Ilias Chantziaras, Cristina Garcia-Graells, Moniek Ringenier, Suzanne Dewulf, Filip Boyen, Jeroen Dewulf and Cécile Boland
Antibiotics 2026, 15(3), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15030282 - 10 Mar 2026
Viewed by 824
Abstract
Background: Raw-meat-based diets (RMBDs) for companion animals have gained popularity but may serve as vehicles for antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, posing risks to animal and public health. This study investigated the occurrence and risk factors of AMR in indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, [...] Read more.
Background: Raw-meat-based diets (RMBDs) for companion animals have gained popularity but may serve as vehicles for antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, posing risks to animal and public health. This study investigated the occurrence and risk factors of AMR in indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium) and Campylobacter spp. from commercial RMBD products. Methods: In 2023, 50 RMBD samples were collected in Belgium, representing 21 brands from five countries. After both selective and non-selective isolation and MALDI-TOF identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using broth microdilution. Results: From non-selective media, E. coli was found in 45 samples (90.0%), E. faecalis in 31 samples (62.0%), E. faecium in 23 samples (46.0%), and Campylobacter spp. in 3 samples (6.0%). Among these, one E. faecalis strain with acquired resistance to vancomycin and daptomycin was isolated. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was identified in 17 isolates from 15 samples (30.0%), including 14 MDR E. coli, 1 MDR E. faecalis, and 2 MDR E. faecium. From selective media, presumptive ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli were detected in 17 samples (34.0%), and 5 E. faecium from linezolid-supplemented media were confirmed by the broth microdilution method. Samples from Belgian origin showed significantly higher E. faecium prevalence (76.5%) compared to Dutch samples (21.4%) (OR = 11.9, p < 0.001). Minor livestock sources were associated with increased MDR risk (OR = 5.52, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Commercial RMBDs in Belgium exhibit widespread bacterial contamination with concerning AMR patterns. These findings highlight the need for improved production standards in the RMBD industry and the need to raise awareness in pet owners. Full article
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14 pages, 538 KB  
Article
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus schleiferi Isolated from Dogs with Otitis Externa and Healthy Dogs
by Ionela Popa, Ionica Iancu, Vlad Iorgoni, Janos Degi, Alexandru Gligor, Kalman Imre, Emil Tîrziu, Timea Bochiș, Călin Pop, Ana-Maria Plotuna, Paula Nistor, Marius Pentea, Viorel Herman and Ileana Nichita
Antibiotics 2025, 14(12), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14121194 - 24 Nov 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1088
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in companion animals is a growing One Health concern due to the close interaction between pets and humans. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus schleiferi (S. schleiferi) are common colonizers of the canine ear [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in companion animals is a growing One Health concern due to the close interaction between pets and humans. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus schleiferi (S. schleiferi) are common colonizers of the canine ear canal and can act as reservoirs of resistance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus and S. schleiferi isolated from dogs with otitis externa and clinically healthy dogs in western Romania. Methods: A total of 973 canine ear swabs were collected, 503 from dogs with otitis externa and 470 from healthy dogs. Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK® 2 Compact system, bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France, and interpreted according to CLSI VET01 guidelines, with 13 antimicrobials representing multiple drug classes. ResultsS. aureus was more prevalent in healthy dogs (20%) than in otitis cases (4%), while S. schleiferi was more common in otitic samples (7.5% vs. 4%). Among S. aureus isolates from otitic dogs, penicillin resistance was highest (65%), and 25% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). In healthy dogs, S. aureus showed 54.3% penicillin resistance and 16% MDR prevalence. Four MRSA strains (4.3%) were identified only in healthy dogs. S. schleiferi exhibited the highest resistance to clindamycin, with MDR rates of 10.6% in otitic and 5.6% in healthy dogs. No MRSS strains were detected. Conclusions: Clinically healthy dogs may serve as asymptomatic carriers of resistant Staphylococcus strains, including MRSA. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing is essential to inform treatment choices and mitigate resistance dissemination within veterinary and public health contexts. Full article
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