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Animals
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Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction
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Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Reproduction".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2020) | Viewed by 46840

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Nicolaia Iaffaldano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
Interests: animal reproduction; cryopreservation semen technology in animals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Semen cryopreservation in animal species is a biotechnology in reproduction that is used to increase the diffusion and measurement of genetic progress, sustain the conservation of genetic biodiversity, and improve the management of artificial insemination. The cryopreservation protocols vary among species, because there are differences in sperm shape, volume, organelle size, and composition. The cryopreservation process causes numerous negative effects, including injuries to cell membranes and metabolic damages with devastating consequences for sperm survival. There is a clear need to standardize the entire freezing and thawing process in order to minimize variability in results; this is particularly evident for some animal species. There are still more challenges than opportunities related to the implementation of sperm cryopreservation.

Sperm cryopreservation is a complex biotechnology which poses many problems; it also needs to be tackled from both technological and physiological perspectives in order to find a comprehensive solution strategy that is capable of addressing different issues.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Strategies and tools to improve semen cryopreservation;
  • Sperm energy metabolism in cryopreservation;
  • Implications of OMICS technologies (i.e., lipidomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in reproductive function;
  • Innovative dietary strategies to improve reproductive function.

Prof. Nicolaia Iaffaldano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reproductive biotechnology
  • gamete cryopreservation
  • dietary strategies, sperm bioenergetics

Published Papers (12 papers)

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10 pages, 599 KiB  
Communication
Use of Probiotics in Intravaginal Sponges in Sheep: A Pilot Study
by Juan J. Quereda, Empar García-Roselló, Marta Barba, María L. Mocé, Jesús Gomis, Estrella Jiménez-Trigos, Esther Bataller, Rebeca Martínez-Boví, Ángel García-Muñoz and Ángel Gómez-Martín
Animals 2020, 10(4), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040719 - 20 Apr 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4773
Abstract
Sheep estrous synchronization is mainly based on progestagen-impregnated sponges which could cause vaginitis. Several species of Lactobacillus used as probiotics are commonly used in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections in humans. However, no studies have been performed to analyze the potential [...] Read more.
Sheep estrous synchronization is mainly based on progestagen-impregnated sponges which could cause vaginitis. Several species of Lactobacillus used as probiotics are commonly used in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections in humans. However, no studies have been performed to analyze the potential use of probiotics to prevent urogenital infections in sheep. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 21 one-year-old ewes to develop a model of probiotic infusion in vaginal sponges in order to study their influence in ewe’s vaginal microbiota, general health status, fertility and prolificity. Synchronization of estrus was based on intravaginal sponges for 14 days. Bacterial communities (Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria) were highly fluctuating over time and between animals. The safety of probiotic infusion (mix of Lactobacillus spp. 60% L. crispatus, 20% L. brevis and 20% L. gasseri) in the vagina of healthy ewes was firstly confirmed. Neutrophils were observed in 80% (8/10) of the control ewes compared to 36% (4/11) of the ewes in the probiotic group 2 days after sponge removal (p = 0.056). Fertility in the control and probiotic groups was 60% (6/10) and 91% (10/11), respectively p = 0.097. These results suggest that Lactobacillus spp. infusion in the ewe’s vagina does not affect general health status or fertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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16 pages, 18636 KiB  
Article
Ultrastructural Characterization of Porcine Growing and In Vitro Matured Oocytes
by Michel Kere, Pan-Chen Liu, Yuh-Kun Chen, Pei-Chi Chao, Li-Kuang Tsai, Ting-Yu Yeh, Chawalit Siriboon, Payungsuk Intawicha, Neng-Wen Lo, Hsing-I Chiang, Yang-Kwang Fan and Jyh-Cherng Ju
Animals 2020, 10(4), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040664 - 11 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4799
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate ultrastructural changes of growing porcine oocytes and in vitro maturated oocytes. Light microscopy was used to characterize and localize the primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. During oocyte growth and maturation, the morphology of mitochondria was roundish or [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate ultrastructural changes of growing porcine oocytes and in vitro maturated oocytes. Light microscopy was used to characterize and localize the primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. During oocyte growth and maturation, the morphology of mitochondria was roundish or ovoid in shape depending on the differentiation state, whereas their mean diameters oscillated between 0.5 and 0.7 µm, respectively, from primary and secondary follicles. Hooded mitochondria were found in the growing oocytes of the tertiary follicles. In addition to the pleomorphism of mitochondria, changes in the appearance of lipid droplets were also observed, along with the alignment of a single layer of cortical granules beneath the oolemma. In conclusion, our study is apparently the first report to portray morphological alterations of mitochondria that possess the hooded structure during the growth phase of porcine oocytes. The spatiotemporal and intrinsic changes during oogenesis/folliculogenesis are phenomena at the ultrastructural or subcellular level of porcine oocytes, highlighting an in-depth understanding of oocyte biology and impetus for future studies on practical mitochondrion replacement therapies for oocytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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13 pages, 2134 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial Activity of Trypsin-Hydrolyzed Camel and Cow Whey and Their Fractions
by Ruixue Wang, Zhihao Han, Rimutu Ji, Yuchen Xiao, Rendalai Si, Fucheng Guo, Jing He, Le Hai, Liang Ming and Li Yi
Animals 2020, 10(2), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020337 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3942
Abstract
Antibacterial peptides were isolated and purified from whey proteins of camel milk (CaW) and cow milk (CoW) and their antimicrobial activities were studied. The whey proteins were hydrolyzed using trypsin, and the degree of hydrolysis was identified by gel electrophoresis. The whey hydrolysate [...] Read more.
Antibacterial peptides were isolated and purified from whey proteins of camel milk (CaW) and cow milk (CoW) and their antimicrobial activities were studied. The whey proteins were hydrolyzed using trypsin, and the degree of hydrolysis was identified by gel electrophoresis. The whey hydrolysate (WH) was purified using ultrafiltration and Dextran gel chromatography to obtain small peptides with antibacterial activity. The effect of the antimicrobial peptides on the morphology of bacterial strains was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Their amino acid composition and antimicrobial activities were then determined. Polypeptides CaWH-III (<3 kDa) and CoWH-III (<3 kDa) had the strongest antibacterial activity. Both Fr.A2 (CaWH-Ⅲ’s fraction 2) and Fr.B1 (CoWH-Ⅲ’s fraction 1) had antibacterial effects toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum antimicrobial mass concentrations of 65 mg/mL and 130 mg/mL for Fr.A2, and 130 mg/mL and 130 mg/mL for Fr.B1, respectively. The highly active antimicrobial peptides had high amounts of alkaline amino acids (28.13% in camel milk Fr.A2 and 25.07% in the cow milk Fr.B1) and hydrophobic amino acids. (51.29% in camel milk Fr.A2 and 57.69% in the cow milk Fr.B1). This results showed that hydrolysis of CaW and CoW using trypsin produced a variety of effective antimicrobial peptides against selected pathogens, and the antibacterial activity of camel milk whey was slightly higher than that of cow milk whey. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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10 pages, 892 KiB  
Communication
Conception Rate and Reproductive Hormone Secretion in Holstein Cows Immunized against Inhibin and Subjected to the Ovsynch Protocol
by Rihong Guo, Fang Chen, Cheng Mei, Zicun Dai, Leyan Yan and Zhendan Shi
Animals 2020, 10(2), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020313 - 17 Feb 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3246
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of improving fertility in dairy cows via immunization against inhibin. Thirty-two cows were divided into Control (n = 11), Low-dose (n = 10) and High-dose (n = 11) groups. The High-dose and Low-dose cows were [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of improving fertility in dairy cows via immunization against inhibin. Thirty-two cows were divided into Control (n = 11), Low-dose (n = 10) and High-dose (n = 11) groups. The High-dose and Low-dose cows were treated with 1 and 0.5 mg of the inhibin immunogen, respectively. All the cows were subjected to the Ovsynch protocol from the day of antigen administration and were artificially inseminated. Blood samples were serially collected over a 24-day period from the start of the Ovsynch protocol to 14 days after insemination. The results showed that immunization against inhibin dose-dependently increased the plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and activin A, but decreased progesterone (P4) concentrations in the luteal phase. Immunization also increased the plasma interferon (IFN)-τ concentrations in pregnant cows on day 14 after initial insemination. The conception rates in High-dose (45.5%) and Low-dose (40%) cows marginally increased compared to that in Control cows (27.3%), but the increases were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a single immunization against inhibin has the potential to improve conception rates, despite impaired luteal development. To further improve the reproductive performance of dairy cows, additional luteal-stimulating treatments are suggested in combination with immunization against inhibin and Ovsynch techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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16 pages, 2191 KiB  
Article
Metformin Improves Quality of Post-Thaw Canine Semen
by Jérémy Grandhaye, Agnieszka Partyka, Zuzanna Ligocka, Agata Dudek, Wojciech Niżański, Eric Jeanpierre, Anthony Estienne and Pascal Froment
Animals 2020, 10(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020287 - 12 Feb 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3412
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is an assisted reproductive technique routinely used in canine species for genetic conservation. However, during cryopreservation, the DNA damages are still elevated, limiting the fertilization rate. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether supplementation of canine semen extender with a [...] Read more.
Sperm cryopreservation is an assisted reproductive technique routinely used in canine species for genetic conservation. However, during cryopreservation, the DNA damages are still elevated, limiting the fertilization rate. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether supplementation of canine semen extender with a molecule limiting the metabolic activities can improve the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa. We used metformin, known to limit the mitochondrial respiratory and limit the oxidative stress. Before and during the freezing procedure, metformin (50µM and 500µM) has been added to the extender. After thawing, sperm exposed to metformin conserved the same viability without alteration in the membrane integrity or acrosome reaction. Interestingly, 50µM metformin improved the sperm motility in comparison to the control, subsequently increasing mitochondrial activity and NAD+ content. In addition, the oxidative stress level was reduced in sperm treated with metformin improving the sperm quality as measured by a different molecular marker. In conclusion, we have shown that metformin is able to improve the quality of frozen-thawed dog semen when it is used during the cryopreservative procedure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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16 pages, 1710 KiB  
Article
Comparison between the Effects of Adding Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Nanoparticles to SHOTOR Extender on the Cryopreservation of Dromedary Camel Epididymal Spermatozoa
by Mohamed A. Shahin, Wael A. Khalil, Islam M. Saadeldin, Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum and Mostafa A. El-Harairy
Animals 2020, 10(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010078 - 02 Jan 2020
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 4938
Abstract
There are several obstacles in camel semen cryopreservation; such as increasing semen viscosity and the reduction in motile spermatozoa after ejaculation. Epididymal spermatozoa offer an efficient alternative to overcome these problems and are well-suited for artificial insemination in camels. In the current study, [...] Read more.
There are several obstacles in camel semen cryopreservation; such as increasing semen viscosity and the reduction in motile spermatozoa after ejaculation. Epididymal spermatozoa offer an efficient alternative to overcome these problems and are well-suited for artificial insemination in camels. In the current study, we compared the effects of supplementation with vitamin C, E, inorganic trace elements of selenium (Na2SeO3) and zinc (ZnSO4), and zinc and selenium nanoparticles (ZnONPs and SeNPs, respectively) on the cryopreservation of dromedary camel epididymal spermatozoa. When the SHOTOR extender was supplemented with ZnONPs and SeNPs; the sperm showed increased progressive motility; vitality; and membrane integrity after cooling at 5 °C for 2 h; when compared to the control and vitamin-supplemented groups. Moreover, the ZnONPs and SeNPs supplementation improved the progressive motility, vitality, sperm membrane integrity, ultrastructural morphology, and decreased apoptosis when frozen and thawed. SeNPs significantly increased reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decreased lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The advantageous effects of the trace elements were potentiated by reduction into a nano-sized particle, which could increase bioavailability and reduce the undesired liberation of toxic concentrations. We recommend the inclusion of SeNPs or ZnONPs to SHOTOR extenders to improve the cryotolerance of camel epididymal spermatozoa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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13 pages, 8448 KiB  
Article
Function of Cryopreserved Cat Ovarian Tissue after Autotransplantation
by Janice M. V. Vilela, Ellen C. R. Leonel, Liudimila P. Gonçalves, Raísa E. G. Paiva, Rodrigo S. Amaral, Christiani A. Amorim and Carolina M. Lucci
Animals 2019, 9(12), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121065 - 02 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3463
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess a slow-freezing protocol of cat ovarian tissue cryopreservation using autotransplantation. Four adult queens were ovariohysterectomized and the ovaries were fragmented and cryopreserved. After one week, the grafts were thawed and autografted to the subcutaneous tissue [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to assess a slow-freezing protocol of cat ovarian tissue cryopreservation using autotransplantation. Four adult queens were ovariohysterectomized and the ovaries were fragmented and cryopreserved. After one week, the grafts were thawed and autografted to the subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal neck of each queen, then randomly removed after 7, 14, 28, 49, and 63 days after transplantation. Percentages of morphologically normal primordial and growing follicles (MNFs) were 88% and 97%, respectively, in fresh tissue samples (fresh controls), and 74% and 100%, respectively, immediately after thawing (cryo D0). No MNFs were found after 49 days of transplantation. In both fresh control and cryo D0 fragments, granulosa cells were frequently in proliferation. Two morphologically normal antral follicles were detected in one queen on Day 28 post-transplantation. Connective tissue fibers increased, suggesting replacement of active ovarian cortex by fibrous tissue. Tissue vascularization was observed at 7 days after grafting, and wide blood vessels were clearly visible on Days 49 and 63. In conclusion, although follicular survival was low after cryopreservation and grafting of cat ovarian tissue, follicles were able to develop up to the antral stage, which is an encouraging outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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15 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
Efficiency of Commercial Egg Yolk-Free and Egg Yolk-Supplemented Tris-Based Extenders for Dromedary Camel Semen Cryopreservation
by Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum, Islam M. Saadeldin, Hani Ba-Awadh, Mohsen G. Al-Mutary, Abdullah F. Moumen, Abdullah N. Alowaimer and Hany Abdalla
Animals 2019, 9(11), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110999 - 19 Nov 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3901
Abstract
This study compared the efficiency of commercial egg yolk-free (AndroMed, OPTIXcell) and egg yolk-supplemented (Triladyl, Steridyl) Tris-based extenders for semen cryopreservation in seven adult dromedary camels. The camel-specific extender SHOTOR was used as control. The collected semen samples were evaluated and diluted with [...] Read more.
This study compared the efficiency of commercial egg yolk-free (AndroMed, OPTIXcell) and egg yolk-supplemented (Triladyl, Steridyl) Tris-based extenders for semen cryopreservation in seven adult dromedary camels. The camel-specific extender SHOTOR was used as control. The collected semen samples were evaluated and diluted with SHOTOR, Triladyl, Steridyl, AndroMed, or OPTIXcell. The diluted semen was gradually cooled and equilibrated for two hours before liquid nitrogen freezing. Semen was evaluated prior to freezing and after freeze-thawing cycles for motility, kinetics, vitality, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and DNA fragmentation using computer-assisted sperm analysis. In pre-freezing evaluation, progressive sperm motility was higher in SHOTOR-diluted samples (21.54 ± 1.83) than in samples diluted with Steridyl, OPTIXcell, or AndroMed (15.76 ± 1.80, 17.43 ± 1.10, and 13.27 ± 1.07, respectively). Moreover, Triladyl and SHOTOR resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) better sperm vitality and DNA integrity than all other diluents, but Triladyl resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) better plasma membrane integrity (87.77 ± 0.31) than SHOTOR (85.48 ± 0.58). In the post-thawing evaluation, Triladyl led to significantly (p < 0.05) higher sperm motility (38.63 ± 0.81%; p < 0.05) when compared to SHOTOR, Steridyl or AndroMed (35.09 ± 1.341%, 34.4 ± 0.84%, and 31.99 ± 1.48%, respectively), with OPTIXcell being the least efficient (28.39 ± 0.86%). Progressive sperm motility was the highest when using Triladyl. Post-thawing curvilinear, straight line and average path sperm velocities were highest with Triladyl and lowest with AndroMed. Triladyl led to the highest linearity coefficient and straightness sperm coefficient, while SHOTOR to the highest DNA and plasma membrane integrity. OPTIXcell and AndroMed resulted in poor post-thawing sperm vitality, while Steridyl was less efficient than Triladyl. The highest rate of sperm abnormalities was recorded with OPTIXcell and the lowest with SHOTOR or Triladyl. In conclusion, SHOTOR, Triladyl, Steridyl, AndroMed, and OPTIXcell can all be used for camel semen cryopreservation; however, SHOTOR and Triladyl provided the best post-thawing sperm quality. Based on our findings, Triladyl is the best commercially available extender for dromedary camel semen cryopreservation to date. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
13 pages, 2197 KiB  
Article
Improved Post-Thaw Quality of Canine Semen after Treatment with Exosomes from Conditioned Medium of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Ahmad Yar Qamar, Xun Fang, Min Jung Kim and Jongki Cho
Animals 2019, 9(11), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110865 - 25 Oct 2019
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5508
Abstract
Freezing decreases sperm quality, ultimately affecting fertilizing ability. The repair of freeze-damaged sperm is considered crucial for improving post-thaw viability and fertility. We investigated the effects of exosomes derived from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on dog sperm structure and function during cryopreservation. [...] Read more.
Freezing decreases sperm quality, ultimately affecting fertilizing ability. The repair of freeze-damaged sperm is considered crucial for improving post-thaw viability and fertility. We investigated the effects of exosomes derived from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on dog sperm structure and function during cryopreservation. The pooled ejaculate was diluted with buffer, without (Control), or with exosomal proteins (25, 50, or 100 µg/mL). Using fresh semen, the determined optimal exosomal protein concentration was 50 µg/mL (Group 2) which was used in further experiments. Post-thaw sperm treated with exosomes were superior to control (p < 0.05) in terms of motility (56.8 ± 0.3% vs. 47.2 ± 0.3%), live sperm percentage (55.9 ± 0.4% vs. 45.4 ± 0.4%), membrane integrity (55.6 ± 0.5% vs. 47.8 ± 0.3%), and acrosome integrity (60.4 ± 1.1% vs. 48.6 ± 0.4%). Moreover, expression of genes related to the repair of the plasma membrane (ANX 1, FN 1, and DYSF), and chromatin material (H3, and HMGB 1) was statistically higher in exosome-treated sperm than control, but the expression of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modulator 1 gene was significantly higher in control. Therefore, exosomal treatment may improve the quality of post-thaw dog semen through initiating damaged sperm repair and decreasing reactive oxygen species production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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18 pages, 4955 KiB  
Article
Transferrin Identification in Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) Reproductive System
by Miaomiao Xin, Pavlina Vechtova, Anna Shaliutina-Kolesova, Zoltan Fussy, Dmitry Loginov, Borys Dzyuba, Otomar Linhart, Serhii Boryshpolets, Marek Rodina, Ping Li, Yana Loginova and Jan Sterba
Animals 2019, 9(10), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100753 - 30 Sep 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2991
Abstract
Transferrins are a superfamily of iron-binding proteins and are recognized as multifunctional proteins. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic methods were used to identify transferrins in the reproductive organs and sperm of out-of-spawning and spermiating sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) males. The [...] Read more.
Transferrins are a superfamily of iron-binding proteins and are recognized as multifunctional proteins. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic methods were used to identify transferrins in the reproductive organs and sperm of out-of-spawning and spermiating sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) males. The results showed that seven transferrin transcripts were identified in the transcriptome of sterlet, and these transcripts were qualified as two different transferrin genes, serotransferrin and melanotransferrin, with several isoforms present for serotransferrin. The relative abundance of serotransferrin isoforms was higher in the kidneys and Wolffian ducts in the spermiating males compared to out-of-spawning males. In addition, transferrin was immunodetected in sterlet seminal plasma, but not in sterlet spermatozoa extract. Mass spectrometry identification of transferrin in seminal plasma but not in spermatozoa corroborates immunodetection. The identification of transferrin in the reproductive organs and seminal plasma of sterlet in this study provides the potential function of transferrin during sturgeon male reproduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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4 pages, 211 KiB  
Brief Report
Ovulatory Response of Weaned Sows to an Altered Ratio of Exogenous Gonadotrophins
by Rodrigo Manjarín, Jose Carlos García, Lia Hoving, Nicoline M. Soede, Magdalena Maj, Juan Carlos Dominguez de Tejerina and Roy N. Kirkwood
Animals 2020, 10(3), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030380 - 26 Feb 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1876
Abstract
At weaning, 33 mixed parity Hypor sows received either an injection of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin and 200 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (PG600; n = 13), PG600 with an additional 200 IU hCG 24 h later (Gn800; n = 11), or [...] Read more.
At weaning, 33 mixed parity Hypor sows received either an injection of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin and 200 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (PG600; n = 13), PG600 with an additional 200 IU hCG 24 h later (Gn800; n = 11), or served as non-injected controls (n = 9). All gonadotrophin treated sows received an injection of 750 IU hCG at 80 h after weaning to induce ovulation (designated as time 0 h). At 0, 24, 36, 40, 44, 48, and 60 h, all sows were subject to transrectal ultrasonography to determine numbers and sizes of large (>6 mm) follicles and time of ovulation. The interval from injection of 750 IU hCG to ovulation was shorter in Gn800 compared to PG600 sows (p = 0.02), and more Gn800 sows had ≥9 preovulatory follicles compared to PG600 and controls (p = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). Follicular cysts were evident in both PG600 and Gn800 sows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
10 pages, 1020 KiB  
Technical Note
A Comparison of Pneumatic and Hand Stripping of Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) Eggs for Artificial Reproduction
by Radosław Kajetan Kowalski, Beata Irena Cejko, Joanna Grudniewska, Stefan Dobosz, Mirosław Szczepkowski and Beata Sarosiek
Animals 2020, 10(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010097 - 08 Jan 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3066
Abstract
We describe the technique of pneumatic stripping of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) eggs with the use of oxygen, nitrogen, and air. Eggs obtained via the traditional method (by pressing the abdominal surfaces) served as a control group. It was established that the [...] Read more.
We describe the technique of pneumatic stripping of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) eggs with the use of oxygen, nitrogen, and air. Eggs obtained via the traditional method (by pressing the abdominal surfaces) served as a control group. It was established that the gas flow rate during pneumatic stripping should not exceed 0.5 L∙min−1, since higher air flow resulted in increased post-spawning mortality. The pneumatic stripping method of egg collection was no faster than hand stripping; however, the time required per female was more consistent. It was found that the pH of the ovarian fluid obtained during hand and pneumatic stripping was not related to the success rate of fertilization. Pneumatic stripping resulted in a higher quality of collected eggs and a higher and more consistent hatching rate as compared with the hand-stripped samples, regardless of the gas used. The results presented here lead us to recommend the pneumatic method for obtaining eggs from whitefish, since it is a simple, reproducible method and improves the reproductive performance and developmental success of the fish eggs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology in Animals Reproduction)
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