Advances in Pharmacokinetics in Minor and Exotic Species

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 493

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Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
Interests: pharmacokinetics; antibiotics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pharmacokinetic studies are crucial for exotic, aquatic, and minor species because they provide essential data on how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolised, and excreted in these animals. This data is im-portant because the processes often differ significantly from those in well-studied domestic species. Due to unique physiological and metabolic traits, extrapolating drug dosages from common species can lead to ineffective treatment or toxicity in exotic and aquatic animals. These studies help ensure safe and effec-tive dosing, improve therapeutic outcomes, and support evidence-based veterinary care. Additionally, pharmacokinetic data are crucial for regulatory approval, particularly in food-producing minor species, to ensure that drug residues remain within safe limits for human consumption.

This Special Issue aims to publish original research papers or reviews concerning the pharmacokinetics of new drugs in animals or drugs that have not yet been evaluated for their pharmacokinetic profile in mi-nor species (such as small ruminants, camelids or rabbits), aquatic species (such as ornamental or aqua-culture fish) and exotic species (zoo and wildlife species, reptiles or amphibians) to ensure clinical success and prevent the food residues.

Dr. Pedro Marín Carrillo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pharmacokinetics
  • small ruminants
  • PK/PD integration
  • withdrawal periods
  • bioavailability
  • drug dosage adjustment
  • exotic species

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 432 KB  
Article
Pharmacokinetics of Tolfenamic Acid Administered Orally and Intravenously at Different Doses in Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)
by Orhan Corum, Kamil Uney, Pedro Marin, Duygu Durna Corum, Devran Coskun, Elena Badillo and Muammer Elmas
Animals 2025, 15(16), 2326; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15162326 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 389
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic changes in tolfenamic acid administered intravenously and orally to ducks at different doses (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg). Furthermore, the binding ratio to plasma proteins was assessed utilizing the ultrafiltration method. Eighteen male Pekin ducks were [...] Read more.
This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic changes in tolfenamic acid administered intravenously and orally to ducks at different doses (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg). Furthermore, the binding ratio to plasma proteins was assessed utilizing the ultrafiltration method. Eighteen male Pekin ducks were randomly assigned to three dosage groups (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg), with each group undergoing a trial in two phases: intravenous (IV) and oral administration. The sample was analyzed using an approved HPLC-UV method. A non-compartmental analysis was utilized to evaluate the pharmacokinetic data. For 2 mg/kg IV injection, the area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), total clearance (ClT), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), and elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz) were 13.03 h*µg/mL, 0.15 L/h/kg, 0.30 L/kg, and 1.72 h, respectively. Following oral administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the AUC0-∞, peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and bioavailability were 6.32 h*µg/mL, 2.25 µg/mL, and 48.52%, respectively. The t1/2ʎz was extended, Cmax and AUC0-∞ elevated, Tmax shortened, and ClT decreased in a dose-dependent manner. No dose-related change was observed in Vdss and bioavailability. In ducks, tolfenamic acid’s plasma protein binding was 99.74%, unaffected by concentration. These results may contribute to the application of tolfenamic acid in ducks at different doses, but dose-related changes in therapeutic efficacy should also be demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pharmacokinetics in Minor and Exotic Species)
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