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Agronomy
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Recent Advances in Rootstock of Vegetable Plants
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Recent Advances in Rootstock of Vegetable Plants

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Horticultural and Floricultural Crops".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2020) | Viewed by 17813

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Angeles Calatayud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Department of Horticulture, Ctra. Moncada-Naquera km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
Interests: vegetable grafting; abiotic stress; photosynthesis; chlorophyll fluorescence; antioxidant activities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In agriculture, stresses are limiting factors for the growth and development of vegetable crops. The selection of tolerant genotypes is a challenge for improving productivity and food security under climate change. Despite the efforts of breeding companies, there has been limited commercial success in obtaining stress-tolerant vegetables, due to the complexity of the traits and because the tools for selection are lacking, such as genetic markers that have been inefficient in these tasks to date. In addition, it is very difficult to combine suitable commercial fruit characteristics (high production and quality) with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Besides, commercial varieties are not usually selected to cope with abiotic stresses.

Genetic transformation could become a powerful tool in plant breeding. However, the lack of public acceptance of genetic engineering means that searching for other strategies to generate improved tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants is a priority.

In sustainable and bio-agriculture, the grafting technique is an environmentally-friendly tool for avoiding or reducing losses in commercial yields intended to cope with biotic stress and more recently to induce tolerance to abiotic stress conditions in Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae varieties. This technique enables susceptible commercial cultivars that are grafted onto rootstocks to withstand the negative effects of external stresses. Moreover, this strategy requires the selection of tolerant rootstocks that may enable the attainment of the desired features in the scion.

Please share your success stories from research in this “Recent Advances in Rootstock of Vegetable Plants” Special Issue. Submissions on (but not limited to) the following topics are invited: (1) Screening rootstocks to cope biotic and abiotic stresses; (2) Agronomic behavior in vegetable grafted plants; (3) Analysis in physiologic, genomic, metabolomics, etc. parameters in grafted plants; (4) Compatibility studies between rootstock and scion; and (5) Signaling rootstock-scion.

Dr. Angeles Calatayud
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant grafted
  • stresses (biotic and abiotic)
  • compatibility scion/rootstock
  • screening rootstocks
  • signaling rootstock-scion
  • agronomic behavior
  • physiological
  • genomic and metabolomic performance

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1632 KiB  
Article
Grafting onto an Appropriate Rootstock Reduces the Impact on Yield and Quality of Controlled Deficit Irrigated Pepper Crops
by Ramón Gisbert-Mullor, Nuria Pascual-Seva, María Amparo Martínez-Gimeno, Lidia López-Serrano, Eduardo Badal Marín, Juan Gabriel Pérez-Pérez, Luis Bonet, Yaiza Gara Padilla, Ángeles Calatayud, Bernardo Pascual and Salvador López-Galarza
Agronomy 2020, 10(10), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101529 - 8 Oct 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3144
Abstract
In this study, hybrid pepper rootstock NIBER® is tested for its ability to overcome water stress situations under soil conditions. The impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency is evaluated, and consequently, the agronomic impact [...] Read more.
In this study, hybrid pepper rootstock NIBER® is tested for its ability to overcome water stress situations under soil conditions. The impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency is evaluated, and consequently, the agronomic impact of employing water-stress tolerant rootstock is compared to ungrafted pepper plants. For this purpose, plants of the California-type sweet pepper ‘Maestral F1’ grafted onto NIBER® underwent a sustained DI regime during seasons 2018 and 2019 and were compared to their respective controls. Plants were drip-fertirrigated, and volumetric soil water content was continuously monitored by capacitance sensors. Gas exchange and leaf water potential measurements were taken early in the morning and midday 58, 79, and 114 days after transplanting. Plant and fruit dry biomass, marketable quality, blossom-end rot incidence and harvest index were also determined. For consecutive years, our results confirmed that grafting a pepper cultivar onto an appropriate rootstock (NIBER® in this case) as part of a DI strategy can overcome the negative effects of sustained water stress conditions. The plant biomass production and fruit yields of grafted plants were less affected by DI due to less sensitivity to water stress. This can be attributed to a less marked reduction in shoot dry weight in the grafted plants, which allowed greater whole photosynthesis by maintaining sink activity compared to ungrafted plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Rootstock of Vegetable Plants)
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12 pages, 918 KiB  
Article
The Use of a Tomato Landrace as Rootstock Improves the Response of Commercial Tomato under Water Deficit Conditions
by Mateu Fullana-Pericàs, Miquel À. Conesa, Miquel Ribas-Carbó and Jeroni Galmés
Agronomy 2020, 10(5), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050748 - 22 May 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4063
Abstract
Grafting onto drought tolerant rootstocks has been proposed as a useful strategy to overcome future water scarcity periods. The ‘de Ramellet’ tomato is a drought tolerant landrace selected under semiarid Mediterranean summer conditions under rain-fed or low irrigation. In this manuscript, the responses [...] Read more.
Grafting onto drought tolerant rootstocks has been proposed as a useful strategy to overcome future water scarcity periods. The ‘de Ramellet’ tomato is a drought tolerant landrace selected under semiarid Mediterranean summer conditions under rain-fed or low irrigation. In this manuscript, the responses of a commercial hybrid ‘de Ramellet’ genotype grafted onto a traditional ‘de Ramellet’ (RL) and a commercial Maxifort (Mx) tomato rootstocks under commercial greenhouse conditions are studied. Non-grafted (NON) and self-grafted (SELF) plants were used as controls. Two water regimes were established: well-watered (WW, covering plant water demands) and water deficit (WD, reducing 50% irrigation as compared to WW). The results confirm an improvement in agronomic performance of Mx as compared to NON, but also show a similar improving effect of RL. Grafting enhanced plant growth regardless of the rootstock under WW conditions. Similarly, water-use efficiency (assessed as leaf carbon isotope composition) increased in grafted plants under WD treatment as compared to NON. Despite the lack of significant differences, RL tended to promote higher fruit production and fruit number than Mx, irrespective of the water treatment, whereas RL was the single graft combination with higher fruit production than NON under WD. In conclusion, the results uncover the potential of drought-adapted landraces to be used as rootstocks in order to increase plant growth and fruit production under both well-watered and water deficit cultivation conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Rootstock of Vegetable Plants)
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11 pages, 2231 KiB  
Article
Nitrate Transport Rate in the Xylem of Tomato Plants Grafted onto a Vigorous Rootstock
by Francisco Albornoz, Alonso G. Pérez-Donoso, Jorge Leigh Urbina, Matías Monasterio, Miguel Gómez and Úrsula Steinfort
Agronomy 2020, 10(2), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020182 - 27 Jan 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3939
Abstract
Vigorous interspecific rootstocks increase nitrogen (N) uptake in tomato plants but limited information is available on xylem transport rate. Non-grafted and self-grafted tomato plants cv. Attiya and plants grafted onto an interspecific hybrid, Kaiser, were grown under growth chamber conditions and subjected [...] Read more.
Vigorous interspecific rootstocks increase nitrogen (N) uptake in tomato plants but limited information is available on xylem transport rate. Non-grafted and self-grafted tomato plants cv. Attiya and plants grafted onto an interspecific hybrid, Kaiser, were grown under growth chamber conditions and subjected to two light levels, 400 or 800 µmol PAR m−2 s−1. Plant water uptake, xylem sap NO3− content, and stem hydraulic conductance (ks) were measured after two weeks of growth. Xylem vessel number and diameter were evaluated in cross-sectional stem cuts and the theoretical xylem hydraulic conductance (kh) was calculated. Only the light level modified the xylem NO3− content. Grafting reduced ks by 84% in comparison to non-grafted plants. The water uptake rate and xylem sap NO3− content were 4.02 ± 0.66 g H2O kg−1 DW h−1 and 12.78 ± 1.16 mM, respectively, across all grafting treatments. The rootstock has a higher kh because the vessel diameter is 79.3 ± 14.4 µm while in non-grafted plants it is 62.0 ± 10.1 µm. Nitrate concentration and transport rate changes accordingly to the plant’s growth rate. The vigorous rootstock relies on larger vessels to supply the required amounts of N. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Rootstock of Vegetable Plants)
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16 pages, 1083 KiB  
Article
Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photosynthesis and Growth of Tomato Plants as Affected by Long-Term Oxygen Root Zone Deprivation and Grafting
by Rosario Paolo Mauro, Michele Agnello, Miriam Distefano, Leo Sabatino, Alberto San Bautista Primo, Cherubino Leonardi and Francesco Giuffrida
Agronomy 2020, 10(1), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010137 - 16 Jan 2020
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 5758
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of the O2 root zone level and grafting on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of cherry tomato grown in a hydroponic system. Two O2 concentrations in the root zone, namely Ox (saturation [...] Read more.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of the O2 root zone level and grafting on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of cherry tomato grown in a hydroponic system. Two O2 concentrations in the root zone, namely Ox (saturation level) and Ox- (2–3 mg L−1), were applied for 30 days on self-grafted cherry tomato Dreamer or grafted onto the hybrids Arnold, Beaufort, Maxifort and Top Pittam. Root hypoxia increased minimum fluorescence (by 10%) while it decreased variable fluorescence and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (up to 16 and 8%, respectively). Moreover, it reduced leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance (by 12, 17 and 13%, respectively), whereas it increased leaf electrolyte leakage (by 2.1%). The graft combinations showed a different ability in buffering the effects of root hypoxia on plant growth and related components, and these differences were related to their root biomass. The minimum fluorescence was negatively correlated to plant growth, so it may be a useful indicator to select tolerant rootstocks to root hypoxia. Our results suggest the occurrence of both diffusive and metabolic constraints to tomato photosynthesis under root hypoxia, a condition that can be mitigated by selecting rootstocks with a more developed root system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Rootstock of Vegetable Plants)
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