Genetic Diversity, Adaptation and Evolution of Livestock

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Farm Animal Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 673

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy
Interests: genetic diversity; homozygosity; cattle; genomic selection; population genetics; animal genetics

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Guest Editor
National Holstein, Brown Swiss and Jersey Association, 26100 Cremona, Italy
Interests: genetics; multivariate data analysis; genotyping; bovine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The assessment of genetic diversity and population structure is important for understanding the evolutionary history of breeds and providing important information on biodiversity conservation and/or management, both for local breeds and breeds under selective breeding programs. Maintaining genetic diversity should be a priority for countries where local breeds guarantee the economic survival of rural areas. Selection programs are not easy to apply to local populations given the reduced sample sizes, implying a higher level of inbreeding than in selected breeds. Furthermore, it is equally important to evaluate and manage the continuous increases in homozygosity in specialized breeds.

We invite original research, reviews, short communications, and case studies on a broad range of topics, including but not limited to genetic diversity, genomic selection, genome-wide association studies, genotype–environment interactions, genetic resources, and new phenotypes. This Special Issue aims to provide insights into the current state of cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats, offering valuable information for researchers and breeders involved in livestock production, genetic improvement programs, and conservation schemes.

Dr. Maria Chiara Fabbri
Dr. Marcos Paulo Gonçalves De Rezende
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • local breeds
  • genomics
  • genetic diversity
  • livestock management
  • adaptation
  • evolution
  • selection
  • multi-omics
  • breeding strategies
  • biodiversity
  • inbreeding

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 2450 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Heterozygosity in European Local and Cosmopolitan Pig Populations
by Maria Chiara Fabbri, Katherine D. Arias, Marcos P. G. Rezende, Francesco Tiezzi, Stefano Biffani, Felix Goyache, Giuseppina Schiavo, Samuele Bovo, Luca Fontanesi, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, Maria Muñoz, Cristina Ovilo, Klavdija Poklukar, Martin Škrlep and Riccardo Bozzi
Agriculture 2025, 15(7), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15070761 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 282
Abstract
Researchers focused on assessing differences in gene diversity within and between populations, whether cosmopolitan or local. However, the identification of patterns of variation in non-random heterozygous genomic stretches, known as Heterozygosity-Rich regions (HRRs), has not yet been determined in European local pig breeds. [...] Read more.
Researchers focused on assessing differences in gene diversity within and between populations, whether cosmopolitan or local. However, the identification of patterns of variation in non-random heterozygous genomic stretches, known as Heterozygosity-Rich regions (HRRs), has not yet been determined in European local pig breeds. A total of 23 pig breeds (20 local and 3 cosmopolitan) were assessed and compared in terms of heterozygosity-rich regions. The breeds with the highest number of HRRs were Large White, Lithuanian Old type, and Landrace, followed by Lithuanian Native, Mora Romagnola, and Duroc. The breeds with the lowest number were Alentejana, Iberian, and Majorcan Black. No shared HRR islands were found in all breeds, but gene enrichment analysis performed in the most common HRRs revealed several biologically important genes that cluster together and play significant roles, primarily related to the immune system. Permutation analysis indicated that some local breeds serve as true reservoirs of genetic diversity, displaying distinct and unique characteristics in terms of heterozygosity. This study suggests the importance of investigating heterozygosity to develop a comprehensive picture of pig breeds, regardless of the production system, country of origin, or population size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Diversity, Adaptation and Evolution of Livestock)
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