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Actuators
Special Issues
Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems
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Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Actuators for Land Transport".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 9825

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongjun Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Interests: vehicle system dynamics; lightweight design of automotive components
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gengxiang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
Interests: contact mechanics; flexible multibody system; granular system; numerical method
Dr. Binghe Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Interests: battery safety; multiphysics modeling; safety and lightweight of new energy vehicles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid popularization of electric and intelligent vehicles, modeling, dynamics, intelligent control, and fault diagnosis are increasing critical for enhanced handling, riding, and safety. In this Special Issue, we will explore the advances of modeling, dynamics, intelligent control, and fault diagnosis in automobile engineering. We will analyze how vehicle modeling and dynamics influence the intelligent control and fault diagnosis of automobiles and improve overall performance. This Special Issue aims to present high-quality research and recent advances in automotive technologies towards electric and intelligent vehicles. You are invited to submit original research and review papers on topics including but not limited to the following:

  1. Parameter identification of vehicles;
  2. Intelligent measurement of vehicles;
  3. Vehicle dynamics modeling and analysis;
  4. Autonomous driving and control of vehicles;
  5. Health monitoring and management of vehicles;
  6. Fault diagnosis and prognosis of vehicles;
  7. Comfort and riding performance of vehicles;
  8. Energy saving and management of vehicles;
  9. Active and passive safety of vehicles;
  10. Eco-driving and eco-management of vehicles.

Dr. Yongjun Pan
Dr. Gengxiang Wang
Dr. Binghe Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • modeling
  • dynamics
  • intelligent control
  • fault diagnosis
  • parameter identification
  • comfort and riding

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3862 KiB  
Article
Study of Error Flow for Hydraulic System Simulation Models for Construction Machinery Based on the State-Space Approach
by Deying Su, Hongyan Rao, Shaojie Wang, Yongjun Pan, Yubing Xu and Liang Hou
Actuators 2024, 13(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13010014 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
This study presents an error flow research method for simulation models of hydraulic systems in construction machinery based on the state-space approach, aiming to ensure the reliable application of digital twin models. Initially, a comprehensive analysis of errors in the simulation modeling of [...] Read more.
This study presents an error flow research method for simulation models of hydraulic systems in construction machinery based on the state-space approach, aiming to ensure the reliable application of digital twin models. Initially, a comprehensive analysis of errors in the simulation modeling of hydraulic systems in construction machinery was conducted, highlighting simulation model parameters as the primary error sources. Subsequently, a set of metrics for assessing the accuracy of simulation models was developed. Following this, an error flow analysis method for simulation models of hydraulic systems in construction machinery was explored based on the state space approach, delving into the sources, transmission, and accumulation of errors in the simulation modeling of valve-controlled cylinder systems. The research results unequivocally indicate that the spring stiffness, viscous damping coefficient, and hydraulic cylinder external leakage coefficient are critical parameters affecting the accuracy of valve-controlled cylinder system simulation models. Furthermore, it was observed that the simulation model of the control valve has a significantly greater impact on the errors in the valve-controlled cylinder system simulation model than the hydraulic cylinder model. In conclusion, the reliability of the error flow model was confirmed through simulation experiments, revealing a maximum relative error of only 3.73% between the error flow model and the results of the simulation experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems)
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22 pages, 5018 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on Coordinated Control of Path Tracking and Vehicle Stability for Autonomous Vehicles on Low-Friction Roads
by Manbok Park and Seongjin Yim
Actuators 2023, 12(11), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12110398 - 25 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study on coordinated control of path tracking and vehicle stability for autonomous vehicles on low-friction roads. Generally, a path-tracking controller designed on high-friction roads cannot provide good performance under low-friction conditions. To cope with the problem, a coordinated [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comparative study on coordinated control of path tracking and vehicle stability for autonomous vehicles on low-friction roads. Generally, a path-tracking controller designed on high-friction roads cannot provide good performance under low-friction conditions. To cope with the problem, a coordinated control between path tracking and vehicle stability has been proposed to date. In this paper, three types of coordinated controllers are classified according to the controller structure. As an actuator, front-wheel steering, four-wheel steering, and four-wheel independent braking and driving are adopted. A common feature of these types of controllers is that front steering and yaw moment control are adopted as control inputs. To convert the yaw moment control into tire forces generated by combinations of multiple actuators, a control allocation method is applied. For each type, a controller is designed and simulated using vehicle simulation software. From the simulation results, a performance comparison among those controller types is carried out. Through comparison, it is shown that there are small differences among those types of controllers in terms of path tracking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems)
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17 pages, 2448 KiB  
Article
Improved Vehicle Vibration Control through Optimization of Suspension Parameters Using the Response Surface Method and a Non-Linear Programming with a Quadratic Lagrangian Algorithm
by Wei Dai, Liuqing He, Yongjun Pan, Sheng-Peng Zhang and Liang Hou
Actuators 2023, 12(7), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12070297 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1539
Abstract
Vibration-control techniques generally fall into two categories: passive methods that optimize the structure of the suspension to absorb any impact from the ground, and active methods that directly control the vertical force of the suspension by hydraulic or electric actuators when the vehicle [...] Read more.
Vibration-control techniques generally fall into two categories: passive methods that optimize the structure of the suspension to absorb any impact from the ground, and active methods that directly control the vertical force of the suspension by hydraulic or electric actuators when the vehicle traverses a bumpy road. In this study, a vibration-control method is described that employs both an optimal controller and suspension parameter optimization. Continuous speed bumps are implemented to simulate more complex and realistic driving conditions. First, a vehicle system is modeled using a semi-recursive multibody formulation, which allows for a more precise description of the longitudinal–vertical dynamics. Then, an optimal control method for vehicle vibration control is introduced. Second, the Latin hypercube design is utilized to analyze the response surface methodology (RSM) model. For suspension optimization, the RSM model and the non-linear programming with a quadratic Lagrangian (NLPQL) algorithm are employed. Thirdly, both passive suspension optimization and active motion control are employed for vibration control. The results indicate that the presented method can effectively control vehicle vibration, decreasing the average vibration by 30.8%. The results suggest that the novel approach can also enhance the ride comfort in autonomous vehicles traversing, e.g., a series of speed bumps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems)
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23 pages, 5525 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on Effects of Input Configurations of Linear Quadratic Controller on Path Tracking Performance under Low Friction Condition
by Manbok Park and Seongjin Yim
Actuators 2023, 12(4), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12040153 - 02 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1206
Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study on the effects of the input configurations of linear quadratic (LQ) controllers on path tracking performance under low friction conditions. For the last decade, the path tracking controller has adopted several control inputs, input configurations, and actuators. [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comparative study on the effects of the input configurations of linear quadratic (LQ) controllers on path tracking performance under low friction conditions. For the last decade, the path tracking controller has adopted several control inputs, input configurations, and actuators. However, these have not been compared with one another on a single frame in terms of common measures. For this reason, this paper compares input configurations of LQ controllers and available actuators in terms of common measures. For this purpose, the control inputs of the LQ controller were composed of front and rear steering and control yaw moment. By combining these control inputs, five input configurations of the LQ controller were set. If the control yaw moment is selected as a control input, then an actuator is needed to generate a control allocation, which should be adopted to convert the control yaw moment into longitudinal and lateral tire forces of actuators. As an actuator for control yaw moment generation, front/rear and 4-wheel steering, 4-wheel independent steering, braking, and driving were adopted. By applying the weighted least square based method, control allocation was formulated as a quadratic programming problem, which can be algebraically solved. For comparison on path tracking performance, new measures were adopted. To check the path tracking performance of each input configuration, a simulation was conducted on vehicle simulation software. From the simulation results, it was shown that front or 4-wheel steering itself is enough for path tracking on low friction roads and that the control yaw moment or an additional actuator is not recommended as a control input for path tracking on low friction roads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems)
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15 pages, 4700 KiB  
Article
Development of a Contact Force Model Suited for Spherical Contact Event
by Siyuan Wang and Peng Gao
Actuators 2023, 12(2), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12020089 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1342
Abstract
The stiffness coefficient suited for a spherical contact body is developed by means of a contact semi-angle based on Steuermann’s theory. The new static contact force model is close to the results of FEM when the index of the polynomial is equal to [...] Read more.
The stiffness coefficient suited for a spherical contact body is developed by means of a contact semi-angle based on Steuermann’s theory. The new static contact force model is close to the results of FEM when the index of the polynomial is equal to 2. The strain energy is derived according to the contact stiffness coefficient. Taylor expansion is used in the dissipated energy integration process to obtain a more accurate hysteresis damping factor. The new dynamic contact force model consists of the new stiffness coefficient and new hysteresis damping factor, which is suitable for the spherical-contact event with a high coefficient of restitution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems)
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20 pages, 5758 KiB  
Article
Improved Craig–Bampton Method Implemented into Durability Analysis of Flexible Multibody Systems
by Gengxiang Wang, Zepeng Niu and Ying Feng
Actuators 2023, 12(2), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12020065 - 02 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2255
Abstract
The Craig–Bampton method is frequently applied in most commercial multibody dynamic software. Nevertheless, the Craig–Bampton modes only represent the free-free modes in flexible multibody systems. However, the free-free modes are incapable of all engineering applications. Hence, a rational set of reference conditions must [...] Read more.
The Craig–Bampton method is frequently applied in most commercial multibody dynamic software. Nevertheless, the Craig–Bampton modes only represent the free-free modes in flexible multibody systems. However, the free-free modes are incapable of all engineering applications. Hence, a rational set of reference conditions must be correctly chosen to define a unique displacement field. Firstly, a simple 2D beam with two revolute joints is taken as an example to prove that the free-free modes are not suitable for all engineering applications, and the results are validated by ANSYS and the analytical solution. Secondly, the Craig–Bampton method is improved by two different methods: (i) the reference conditions are added to the original Craig–Bampton matrix and (ii) the reference conditions are applied to the shape functions to redefine the mass and stiffness matrices before constructing the original Craig–Bampton matrix. This implementation illustrates that the improved Craig–Bampton matrix can not only generate the free-free modes but is also suitable for the non-free-free modes. Finally, two discrepant reference conditions are imposed to obtain the dynamic response of the flexible connecting rod based on the improved Craig–Bampton method, which is validated using the normal mode approach. Simulations show that the improved Craig–Bampton method can be used as a general-purpose method in durability analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Dynamics, Intelligent Control, and Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Systems)
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