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Arthropoda, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2024) – 3 articles

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14 pages, 7761 KiB  
Article
Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Spirotetramat on Red Spider Mite, Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker and Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae)
by Farhana Afrose Swarna, Tasfia Hayder, Shreema Mandal Barsa, Powlomee Mondal, Tetsuo Gotoh and Mohammad Shaef Ullah
Arthropoda 2024, 2(3), 212-225; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2030016 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1808
Abstract
The red spider mite, Tetranychus macfarlanei, is a serious pest of many cultivated crops in Bangladesh and other East-Asian and South-East Asian countries, in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic regions. Sublethal concentration of pesticides, such as LC15 and LC30 (the [...] Read more.
The red spider mite, Tetranychus macfarlanei, is a serious pest of many cultivated crops in Bangladesh and other East-Asian and South-East Asian countries, in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic regions. Sublethal concentration of pesticides, such as LC15 and LC30 (the concentrations that result in 15 and 30 percent lethality, respectively) impact reproduction, behavior, development, and physiology. This study assessed the effects of different concentrations of spirotetramat, an insecticide that disrupts lipid production, on the biological traits of T. macfarlanei. The LC15, LC30, LC50, and LC90 values were 2.16, 6.57, 20.54, and 332.81 mg·L−1, respectively. Sublethal concentrations (LC15 and LC30) slightly reduced female fecundity but did not significantly affect development duration, pre-oviposition, oviposition period, or longevity compared to the untreated control group. Life table parameters differed between the treated and control groups, with significant reductions in the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the net reproductive rate (R0), and the finite rate of increase (λ) for LC15 and LC30. LC15 and LC30 had negative effects on the intrinsic rate of increase for females. This study demonstrated that lower lethal concentrations of spirotetramat compromised survivability and negatively impacted the life-table parameters of subsequent generations of T. macfarlanei. These findings highlight the importance of sublethal effects in pest control, offering valuable insights for developing more effective and sustainable integrated pest management strategies. Full article
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20 pages, 2521 KiB  
Article
Survival and Growth of Asellus aquaticus on Different Food Sources from Drinking Water Distribution Systems
by Nikki van Bel, J. Hein M. van Lieverloo, Antonie M. Verschoor, Leonie Pap-Veldhuizen, Wim A. M. Hijnen, Edwin T. H. M. Peeters and Julia Wunderer
Arthropoda 2024, 2(3), 192-211; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2030015 - 2 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
Invertebrates, including Asellidae, are part of the natural ecosystem of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) and are known to cause a nuisance to consumers. In addition, recently, the potential role of the species Asellus aquaticus (L. 1758) in the regrowth of [...] Read more.
Invertebrates, including Asellidae, are part of the natural ecosystem of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) and are known to cause a nuisance to consumers. In addition, recently, the potential role of the species Asellus aquaticus (L. 1758) in the regrowth of Aeromonas bacteria was published. Aeromonas is included in the Dutch drinking water guidelines as a process parameter, and the guideline values are regularly exceeded. Although neither A. aquaticus nor Aeromonas is associated with health risks, the Evides drinking water utility shows a strong interest in the possible reasons for these exceedances and possible control measures. In surface waters, Asellidae feed mainly on decaying leaves that are abundantly present. These food sources are not present in the DWDS. Therefore, we determined suitable food sources for A. aquaticus in the DWDS. Laboratory experiments show that A. aquaticus individuals survive on biofilm on pipe wall material and loose deposits (sediments) collected from DWDS. Growth and survival rates on these loose deposits were even higher than on the positive control (decaying leaves). As the basis of these loose deposits is inorganic (iron deposits, sand, and pipe particles), the organic matter (living and decaying bacteria, protozoans, fungi, and invertebrates) must be their substrate. These experiments validate hypotheses that Asellidae can grow and survive on organic matter in deposits in DWDS. Full article
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11 pages, 1379 KiB  
Communication
Acarological Risk of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme Disease Agent, in Staten Island, New York City
by Liyang Zhou, Leonid Tsynman, Kamesan Kanapathipillai, Zahir Shah and Waheed Bajwa
Arthropoda 2024, 2(3), 181-191; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2030014 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1314
Abstract
Lyme disease, the leading vector-borne ailment in the U.S., annually affects an estimated 476,000 individuals, predominantly in the Northeast and Upper Midwest. Despite its increasing incidence, the evaluation of risk within U.S. cities, including natural public lands, remains inadequate. This study focuses on [...] Read more.
Lyme disease, the leading vector-borne ailment in the U.S., annually affects an estimated 476,000 individuals, predominantly in the Northeast and Upper Midwest. Despite its increasing incidence, the evaluation of risk within U.S. cities, including natural public lands, remains inadequate. This study focuses on blacklegged tick occurrences and Borrelia burgdorferi infection prevalence in 24 Staten Island parks, aiming to assess Lyme disease exposure risk. Monthly acarological risk index (ARI) calculations from 2019 to 2022 revealed elevated values (0.16–0.53) in specific parks, notably Wolfe’s Pond Park, High Rock Park, Clay Pit Pond Park, Clove Lake Park, and Fair View Park. June (0.36) and November (0.21) consistently exhibited heightened ARIs, aligning with peak tick collection months. Despite stable yearly infection rates at 28.97%, tick densities varied significantly between parks and years. Identifying a high transmission risk in specific parks in Staten Island, a highly urbanized part of New York City, emphasizes the continuous necessity for Lyme disease risk management, even within the greenspaces of large cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens)
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