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Tour. Hosp., Volume 5, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 17 articles

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17 pages, 1348 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Cruise Product Consumption Phases on Cruise Passenger Spending in a Non-Overnight Stay Port: Implications for Destination Managers
by José-Pablo Abeal-Vázquez, Sarah Louise Moss and Andrea Teira-Fachado
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1182-1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040066 - 8 Nov 2024
Abstract
The level of expenditure by cruise passengers in the various cities visited during their journey is a crucial variable for the key stakeholders involved in this industry. Promoting higher spending by cruise passengers in non-overnight stay ports is a challenge led by the [...] Read more.
The level of expenditure by cruise passengers in the various cities visited during their journey is a crucial variable for the key stakeholders involved in this industry. Promoting higher spending by cruise passengers in non-overnight stay ports is a challenge led by the destination manager. This study aims to shed light on the effect that different phases in the cruise passenger’s travel cycle have on their propensity to spend during their stay. Our case focuses on the city of A Coruña, a non-overnight stay port on Europe’s Atlantic arc routes, where the average spending per cruise passenger during their visit is quite low. The analysis considers the impact of passenger profiles and the cruise product consumption phases on the average spending per passenger. From a methodological perspective, we have applied logistic regression. The results indicate that the profile of the cruise passenger, variables related to the onboard journey, and the experience of the city are the factors with the greatest potential to increase cruise passenger spending during their visit to the city. This has allowed the areas of greatest impact and where actions should be focused to be identified for both the destination manager and key stakeholders. Full article
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15 pages, 1567 KiB  
Article
Recreational Water Safety in Hotels: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Way Forward for a Safe Aquatic Environment
by Antonios Papadakis, Dimosthenis Chochlakis, Eleftherios Koufakis, Vilelmine Carayanni and Anna Psaroulaki
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1167-1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040065 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 193
Abstract
The recreational waters of hotels are widely used by locals and travelers all around the world, and this impacts public health. In this regard, the WHO frequently offers recommendations—especially during the COVID-19 era—that operators and managers of public pools, hot tubs, or splash [...] Read more.
The recreational waters of hotels are widely used by locals and travelers all around the world, and this impacts public health. In this regard, the WHO frequently offers recommendations—especially during the COVID-19 era—that operators and managers of public pools, hot tubs, or splash pads should continue to follow. This study aims to evaluate the microbiological results of COVID-19 sanitation protocols in recreational waters in hotels during the summer periods post-COVID-19 (2020–2022) and compare them with those pre-COVID-19 (2019). Of the samples tested during the pre-pandemic period, less than 1/5 were positive for total coliforms, common aerobic bacteria, and P. aeruginosa, while less than 3% of the samples tested were positive for E. coli. During the pandemic years, the percentages dropped by half for total coliforms, common aerobic bacteria, and E. coli, while only the percentage for P. aeruginosa remained the same. The relative risk (RR) for the presence of P. aeruginosa in recreational waters was greatly affected by chlorine levels, pH values, and water temperature. Our results elucidate the impact of sanitation protocols on the safety of recreational waters in hotels during public health crises. Moreover, the challenges operators face in maintaining long-term implementation of these protocols are highlighted, which in turn dictates the appropriate choice of preventive and applicable measures to ensure health and safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Tourism and Hospitality after COVID-19)
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16 pages, 2721 KiB  
Article
Digitalization of the Alternative Tourism Marketspace: Evidence from an EU Peripheral Economy
by Anastasios I. Magoutas, Dimitris Manolopoulos, Martha Manouka and Matina Dimitropoulou
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1151-1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040064 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 295
Abstract
Tourism development has a significant contribution to the sustainable development of countries and regions through job creation, infrastructure development, cultural preservation, community empowerment, and revenue increase. Within this context, digitalization in the different facets of the tourism marketspace is a powerful tool that [...] Read more.
Tourism development has a significant contribution to the sustainable development of countries and regions through job creation, infrastructure development, cultural preservation, community empowerment, and revenue increase. Within this context, digitalization in the different facets of the tourism marketspace is a powerful tool that promotes competitiveness and economic growth, sustainability, innovation, and regional coherence. Digitalization also calls for the industry actors to have meaningful integration of novel technologies and practices in their operations and strategy. Despite the importance of digital technologies as a competitive antecedent for hospitality ventures, the extant research is mainly anchored on digital marketing and its associations with traditional mass tourism activity. Evidence on other facets of digitalization is far less appreciated, especially in the niche segment of the alternative tourism marketspace. Considering the above developments, our research aim is to assess the contribution of a digital business ecosystem, including a wide array of digital applications, to the competitiveness of the hospitality industry in Greece, with a focus on alternative tourism activities. Our research draws on data collected from a sample of local ventures to investigate the impact of digital technologies on tourists’ attraction and company growth. In the main, our findings record the positive impacts of digitalization, with internet-based technologies standing out as the most influential medium to boost growth and hotels’ sustainability. We contribute by showing that in cases where hospitality ventures remain digitally illiterate, they will most probably face severe competition losses. Full article
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26 pages, 2243 KiB  
Article
Demystifying the Use of Open-Access Data in Smart Heritage Implementations
by Shiran Geng, Hing-Wah Chau, Elmira Jamei and Zora Vrcelj
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1125-1150; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040063 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Smart Heritage, a concept closely linked to Smart Cities and Smart Tourism, is an emerging field focused on enhancing heritage identity, visitor experience, and cultural sustainability. While initial frameworks have been developed, there is a gap in applying Smart Heritage at the precinct [...] Read more.
Smart Heritage, a concept closely linked to Smart Cities and Smart Tourism, is an emerging field focused on enhancing heritage identity, visitor experience, and cultural sustainability. While initial frameworks have been developed, there is a gap in applying Smart Heritage at the precinct level, especially in large-scale heritage sites. This study addresses this gap by examining how open-access data can be utilised in a real-world case study of Chinatown Melbourne, a key urban heritage precinct. Data sources include archival maps, open-access databases, and 3D models provided by the local city council, covering resources such as on-street parking, pedestrian activity, microclimate, and dwelling functionalities. This study employed a structured methodology that transitions from global best practices to local applications, linking these data resources to Smart Heritage applications and identifying opportunities for improving urban management, heritage curation, and the tourism experience within the case study precinct. The findings offer practical insights for researchers and policymakers, demonstrating how data can support the development of culturally sustainable and technologically integrated heritage precincts. Future research should explore additional data types and case studies to further advance the field of Smart Heritage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Destinations: The State of the Art)
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26 pages, 2226 KiB  
Article
The Impact of a Local Well-Being Philosophy on Revisit Intentions to Bali Among Digital Nomads
by Hanugerah Kristiono Liestiandre, Alastair M. Morrison, Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa, Tjok Gd Raka Sukawati and I. Putu Gde Sukaatmadja
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1099-1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040062 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 408
Abstract
The level of success in tourism is gauged by several metrics; however, the most widely used is the level of tourist arrivals. However, this research answered the call for greater investigation of the impacts of qualitative factors and intangible cultural–heritage assets on destination [...] Read more.
The level of success in tourism is gauged by several metrics; however, the most widely used is the level of tourist arrivals. However, this research answered the call for greater investigation of the impacts of qualitative factors and intangible cultural–heritage assets on destination performance. The primary research purpose was to analyze the effect of implementing a local well-being philosophy (Tri Hita Karana) on tourist revisit intentions for Bali and the mediation of destination quality and destination image. A research model was developed to examine the relationships among local wisdom (TKH), destination quality, destination image, and revisit intentions. Data were collected via a survey of 520 digital nomadic tourists and analyzed using SmartPLS 4. The results indicated that the implementation of THK positively and significantly affected revisit intentions, destination image, and destination quality. Destination image and destination quality had positive and significant effects on revisit intentions, and destination image and destination quality also significantly mediated the effect of THK implementation on revisit intentions. The findings suggested that implementing local wisdom values such as THK in the management of a destination makes visitors feel more favorably about the quality and image of the destination and they have the intention to revisit. Full article
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16 pages, 758 KiB  
Article
Unravelling the Dynamics of Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurs (NDEs) and Opportunity-Driven Entrepreneurs (ODEs): A Study of Immigrant Micro Enterprises (IMEs) in the Hospitality Industry
by Terry Lantai, Atle Hauge and Xiang Ying Mei
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1083-1098; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040061 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 548
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate the notion of Necessity-driven Entrepreneurs (NDEs) and Opportunity-driven Entrepreneurs (ODEs) among IME (Immigrant Micro Enterprise) owners in the hospitality industry and how changes in motivational traits influence business practices, innovation, and growth aspirations. In many [...] Read more.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the notion of Necessity-driven Entrepreneurs (NDEs) and Opportunity-driven Entrepreneurs (ODEs) among IME (Immigrant Micro Enterprise) owners in the hospitality industry and how changes in motivational traits influence business practices, innovation, and growth aspirations. In many geographical contexts, the ever-challenging hospitality industry is dominated by businesses that are immigrant-owned and of micro sizes that experience additional challenges compared to their native and large counterparts. Through qualitative research and interviews with 18 owners of restaurants and eateries in the IME category in eastern Norway, the study found that while NDE traits are dominant during start-ups, ODE traits also exist, revealing a dynamic relationship between the two and thus problematic to classify hospitality IMEs as either NDE or ODE. Experiences and close customer interactions rather than formal R&D activities inspire changes and innovations in business practices, growth aspirations, and perceptions of success. This study offers new insights into hospitality IME owners’ motivations and goals, which may be relevant in other similar industries and geographical contexts. It underscores the importance of understanding the interplay of NDE and ODE traits among IME owners and their impact on business success in the challenging industry in which they operate. Full article
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18 pages, 1020 KiB  
Article
Motivation-Based Segmentation of Hiking Tourists in Taiwan
by Sai-Leung Ng and Ming-Chien Hsu
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1065-1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040060 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 371
Abstract
Hiking is one of the most popular and significant recreational activities in natural settings, yet hiking tourists are often not distinguished from the broader population of nature-based tourists. This study aimed to identify distinct segments of hiking tourists based on their motivations and [...] Read more.
Hiking is one of the most popular and significant recreational activities in natural settings, yet hiking tourists are often not distinguished from the broader population of nature-based tourists. This study aimed to identify distinct segments of hiking tourists based on their motivations and to explore the relationship between segmentation, motivations, and their satisfaction with the hiking experience. Using a questionnaire survey of 262 hiking tourists in Taiwan and multivariate statistical techniques, four hiking motives—“relaxation”, “social interaction”, “competence and exploration”, and “mental refreshment”—were identified, and four segments of hiking tourists—“mental refreshment seekers”, “social hikers”, “challenge seekers”, and “general purpose hikers”—were classified, respectively. While all segments reported high levels of satisfaction, their satisfaction was influenced by different motives. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of hiking motives and provides practical recommendations for enhancing hiking experiences and nature conservation. Full article
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23 pages, 844 KiB  
Article
Exploring Strategies to Market SMEs’ Activities: The Role of Personality Traits and Travel Motivations in Tourist Activities
by Delia Gabriela Moisa, Demos Parapanos and Tim Heap
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1042-1064; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040059 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 607
Abstract
Traditionally, professionals in the tourism sector have been encouraged to segment their market based on socio-demographic variables. However, the multifaceted nature of tourist activity calls for consideration of psychological factors to effectively shape marketing strategies. This study aims to provide insights for tourism [...] Read more.
Traditionally, professionals in the tourism sector have been encouraged to segment their market based on socio-demographic variables. However, the multifaceted nature of tourist activity calls for consideration of psychological factors to effectively shape marketing strategies. This study aims to provide insights for tourism industry practitioners by investigating the roles of tourists’ personalities and travel motivations in shaping their activities and their commitment to sustainability in Cumbria, home to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Lake District National Park and Hadrian’s Wall. Data were collected using quantitative methods to identify correlations between personality traits, travel motivations, and tourist activities. Additionally, a qualitative focus group with SME representatives from Cumbria provided insights into their understanding of the model. The findings provide significant insights into how the relationships between personality traits, travel motivations, and tourist activities can benefit tourism SMEs. By comprehending tourists’ behaviour, SMEs can tailor their offerings to appeal to the right audience, mitigating the adverse effects of overtourism, and therefore do more than allude to the concept of sustainability. Using these insights, SMEs could make informed decisions and create more effective marketing strategies, fostering sustainable practices that benefit both their customers and the long-term viability of their businesses and the destination. Full article
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14 pages, 1310 KiB  
Article
Resilience Components in Mexican Whale-Watching Regulation
by Iyari Janethzy Espinoza-Rodríguez, Rosa María Chávez-Dagostino and Gisela Heckel
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1028-1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040058 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 681
Abstract
Whale watching (WW) is a growing tourist activity that is at risk of becoming unsustainable. Legislation regarding WW must mitigate adverse effects on species and address the dynamics of complex systems. This study proposes analyzing this interaction using a socio-ecological resilience framework, considering [...] Read more.
Whale watching (WW) is a growing tourist activity that is at risk of becoming unsustainable. Legislation regarding WW must mitigate adverse effects on species and address the dynamics of complex systems. This study proposes analyzing this interaction using a socio-ecological resilience framework, considering both social and ecological components. Resilient governance is characterized by four features: flexibility to respond to change, adaptability, multi-level governance, and participation. The aim of this study was to assess how Mexican WW regulations contribute to the resilience of the socio-ecosystem through a literature review on compliance with the regulations and the presence of resilience elements in the regulations. Non-compliance with 12 guidelines was identified, with vessel crowding, distance, and unauthorized vessels being the most frequently reported issues. The analysis of the regulations revealed the presence of all four elements of resilient governance; however, participation is limited to certain key stakeholders, which undermines whale conservation due to non-compliance. In conclusion, the Mexican regulations contribute to resilient governance; however, to ensure whale conservation and socio-ecological resilience, it is essential that all involved parties understand their roles and actively participate in decision-making processes. Full article
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16 pages, 1755 KiB  
Article
A Mixed-Method Approach to Grounded Theory Regarding the MICE Industry at Busan Exhibition & Convention Center
by Seieun Kim, Angellie Williady, Jue Wang and Hak-Seon Kim
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 1012-1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040057 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 679
Abstract
The MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions) industry plays a crucial role in driving the rapid growth of the local economy, and Busan is emerging as a significant MICE destination in Asia. This study uses online customer reviews to acquire a more in-depth [...] Read more.
The MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions) industry plays a crucial role in driving the rapid growth of the local economy, and Busan is emerging as a significant MICE destination in Asia. This study uses online customer reviews to acquire a more in-depth insight into BEXCO (Busan Exhibition & Convention Center)’s customer experiences and satisfaction levels. A meticulously curated dataset of 2339 Google Maps reviews was assembled using the Outscraper tool. KH Coder 3 software was employed for a comprehensive analysis, including word frequency and co-occurrence analysis. The co-occurrence analysis revealed three prominent clusters of keywords: ‘MICE’ (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions), ‘Facility’, and ‘Environment’. This study also conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and identified six factors that play a significant role in shaping customer experiences at BEXCO. Using these six factors, this study performed regression analysis to determine their impact on customer satisfaction. The results show that Food and Beverage, Venue, Event Space, and Parking Facilities significantly affect customer satisfaction. This research aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps, offering valuable insights that can contribute to the strategic development and enhancement of BEXCO’s offerings, thereby influencing the overall impact on the MICE sector in Busan. Full article
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16 pages, 954 KiB  
Article
Big Data Insights into Coastal Tourism: Analyzing Customer Satisfaction at Egyptian Red Sea Dive Resorts
by Yinai Zhong, Angellie Williady, Narariya Dita Handani and Hak-Seon Kim
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 996-1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040056 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 701
Abstract
This research aims to explore the relationship between customer satisfaction and various extracted factors at dive resorts in the Red Sea, Egypt, utilizing a hybrid methodology of descriptive and diagnostic analytics applied to online review data. Employing techniques such as KH coder for [...] Read more.
This research aims to explore the relationship between customer satisfaction and various extracted factors at dive resorts in the Red Sea, Egypt, utilizing a hybrid methodology of descriptive and diagnostic analytics applied to online review data. Employing techniques such as KH coder for text analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and linear regression, this study systematically identifies key elements that influence customer satisfaction. Findings reveal that activities related to diving and marine life markedly enhance guest satisfaction, underscoring the critical role these aspects play in the overall appeal of Egyptian coastal tourism. Conversely, areas such as dining and amenities were identified as needing improvement. The originality of this study lies in its application of big data analytics to dissect and understand customer feedback in a sector-specific context, providing strategic insights for the sustainable advancement of coastal tourism in Egypt. By focusing on dive resorts, this research highlights their integral role in coastal tourism and offers a model for leveraging online customer reviews to enhance service quality and promote sustainable practices within the tourism industry, contributing to the overall growth and sustainability of coastal tourism. Full article
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19 pages, 569 KiB  
Article
Strategic Management of Multiculturalism for Social Sustainability in Hospitality Services: The Case of Hotels in Athens
by Michalis Skordoulis, Olga Patsatzi, Stavros Kalogiannidis, Christina Patitsa and Aristidis Papagrigoriou
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 977-995; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040055 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 985
Abstract
This study seeks to determine how multicultural management affects the promotion of a healthy and efficient working climate in hotels in Athens. Specifically, it explores employees’ attitudes toward diversity and multiculturalism, the effects of multicultural communication on cooperation and interpersonal dynamics, as well [...] Read more.
This study seeks to determine how multicultural management affects the promotion of a healthy and efficient working climate in hotels in Athens. Specifically, it explores employees’ attitudes toward diversity and multiculturalism, the effects of multicultural communication on cooperation and interpersonal dynamics, as well as the overall effects on organizational outcomes. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods through structured questionnaires on 242 employees from the units of the hotel. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between multicultural management practices and workplace efficiency. The findings show that positive employee experiences and attitudes toward multiculturalism improve the working environment. Multicultural communication enhances collaborative and conflict-solving skills, and efficient multicultural management enhances teamwork and organizational outcomes. Personal experiences and observations of multiculturalism also provide a lot of input to a positive work climate. Multicultural people management practices are imperative for enhancing productive organizational relations in the hospitality industry. Therefore, the issues of appreciating cultural differences, the ongoing diversity training, and helping the workers to overcome language barriers should be emphasized. Hotels should also ensure that diversity training, dialog, and polices are ongoing and clear. Further research should investigate the time-dependency of multicultural management on employee turnover and guest satisfaction, cultural differences in various regions and industries, and the impact of technology and remote work on multicultural team dynamics. Full article
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35 pages, 1340 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Influencing Factors of Pro-Environmental Behavior in the Hotel Sector of Mauritius Island
by Toshima Makoondlall-Chadee and Chandradeo Bokhoree
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 942-976; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040054 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 606
Abstract
This quantitative study explored the factors influencing pro-environmental behavior (PEB) among hotel guests by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with additional constructs. Data were collected from a sample of hotel guests through surveys and analyzed using both SPSS for inferential statistics [...] Read more.
This quantitative study explored the factors influencing pro-environmental behavior (PEB) among hotel guests by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with additional constructs. Data were collected from a sample of hotel guests through surveys and analyzed using both SPSS for inferential statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for structural equation modeling. The analysis involved the assessment of measurement and structural models to ensure reliability and validity. The results revealed significant relationships between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention toward PEB. Additionally, environmental knowledge and normative beliefs were found to play critical roles in shaping guests’ intentions. Using both SPSS and PLS-SEM provided a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting PEB, confirming the proposed hypotheses and offering insights for promoting sustainable practices in the hospitality industry. Full article
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20 pages, 2013 KiB  
Article
Linking Tourist Willingness to Pay and Beach Management: A Travel Cost Analysis for Balandra Marine Park, Mexico
by Mónica Moreno-Gutiérrez, Víctor Hernández-Trejo, Ramón Valdivia-Alcalá, Judith Juárez-Mancilla, Plácido Roberto Cruz-Chávez and Ulianov Jakes-Cota
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 922-941; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040053 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 802
Abstract
Balandra, one of the most popular beaches in La Paz, Baja California Sur, was declared a flora and fauna protection area in 2012, and in 2019, the Mexican government chose it as the best beach in Mexico during the Tianguis Turistico celebrated on [...] Read more.
Balandra, one of the most popular beaches in La Paz, Baja California Sur, was declared a flora and fauna protection area in 2012, and in 2019, the Mexican government chose it as the best beach in Mexico during the Tianguis Turistico celebrated on that year. Because of this latter distinction, this beach currently faces overcrowding. Formulating effective management policies depends, to a certain extent, on the knowledge of their recreational value and visitor characteristics. Recreational value allows us to know the benefits of the tradeoffs among the ecosystem services and society and exhibit the value of possible damages to marine ecosystems, like the one caused in 2022 by the fire of a tourist boat inside Balandra. Using the individual travel cost method and applying 159 questionnaires to site visitors, the individual willingness to pay to access Balandra Beach was estimated, resulting in USD 11.11/day/visitor. Recreational economic value (REV) for Balandra was estimated using two essential criteria: first, the total visitors registered in 2021, and second, the daily maximum carrying capacity. Welfare recreational loss was also calculated, derived from the site’s two-month closure, using REV as a proxy. Finally, beach management options and possible environmental and economic policy instruments that could be implemented are discussed. Full article
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16 pages, 716 KiB  
Article
The Rural Sport Event—The Atmosphere from the Participants’ Perspective
by Luiza Ossowska, Dariusz Kloskowski and Dorota Janiszewska
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 906-921; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040052 - 6 Oct 2024
Viewed by 700
Abstract
Rural sport events can play an important role in the sustainable development of rural areas, and bring various benefits. The atmosphere of a rural sport event covers the character and feeling of a place and situation. The aim of this article is to [...] Read more.
Rural sport events can play an important role in the sustainable development of rural areas, and bring various benefits. The atmosphere of a rural sport event covers the character and feeling of a place and situation. The aim of this article is to assess the impact of rural sport event atmosphere on participants. Research was conducted using the IPA method (Importance–Performance Analysis). On 22 January 2022, 127 respondents assessed the atmosphere of a running sport event—before the run defining “importance”, and after the run defining “performance” (a survey questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used). The research covers three groups of factors: event organization (rules and safety, management and hosting, sport competition class), relationships between participants (integration, sharing passion, ability to compete), and event place (attractiveness of the area, attractiveness of the sport competition place, and the will to return to the place). For both the “importance” and “performance” scales, the examined factors received high values (from 3.80 to 4.77). The conducted research shows that atmosphere is a key element when building a rural sport event. Satisfaction with a running event has a positive impact on the perception of the event and its atmospheric components. Full article
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19 pages, 960 KiB  
Article
Improving Guest and Owner Satisfaction through a Circular Economy: An Agritourism Case Study
by Paula Tavares de Carvalho, Ricardo Jorge Raimundo and José Dias Lopes
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 887-905; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040051 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 873
Abstract
This study examines the role of agritourism in developing strategies to promote a circular economy by applying the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) and improving guests’ satisfaction. It contributes to filling the gap in the literature regarding the challenges posed, impact evidence, potential [...] Read more.
This study examines the role of agritourism in developing strategies to promote a circular economy by applying the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) and improving guests’ satisfaction. It contributes to filling the gap in the literature regarding the challenges posed, impact evidence, potential trade-offs, and socioeconomic considerations for the application of the 3Rs strategy in small tourism businesses. Interviews with hotel owners/hosts and guests were conducted through mainly qualitative methods, and the content was analyzed. This study reports on a case study conducted with a convenience sample of customers from a rural tourism company in Portugal to assess their position concerning the company’s 3Rs strategy. The case study reveals that common categories—hosts, breakfast, decoration, environment, and comfort—appreciated by guests align with the 3Rs practices. It was found that being environmentally responsible, taking part in the circular economy, and interacting with it can improve not only the satisfaction of guests but also hosts, thus creating memorable experiences for both. This study also shows that the position of customers regarding the 3Rs is not monolithic, with reusing and recycling emerging most prominently. This study shows that, in this context, a circular economy is feasible, provides tangible benefits, and successfully combines operational efficiency and guest convenience. This study also shows that it is possible to establish a successful tourism supply strategy based on a circular economy, particularly the 3Rs. Still, this strategy should not look at the 3Rs as if they were a uniform reality. Full article
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13 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Major, Education, and Skill Match on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Culinary Arts Graduates
by Tae-Kyun Na, In-Young Jung and Saem Han
Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 874-886; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040050 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 666
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of job match on turnover intention and job satisfaction within the culinary industry. To achieve this purpose, the study analyzes data from 264 graduates of culinary-related programs who participated in the Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the impact of job match on turnover intention and job satisfaction within the culinary industry. To achieve this purpose, the study analyzes data from 264 graduates of culinary-related programs who participated in the Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). The findings revealed that the better the match between a graduate’s major and their job, the more significantly turnover intention decreases and job satisfaction increases. In contrast, skill and educational matches were found to have no statistically significant impact on these outcomes. Additionally, the primary reasons for turnover include low salaries, inadequate job match, and uncertainty about future opportunities within the organization. Therefore, to ensure that culinary graduates can smoothly transition into the culinary field after graduation, educational institutions and the industry must continuously develop HR systems and programs that reflect the values of these graduates. Full article
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