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Immuno, Volume 2, Issue 3

September 2022 - 8 articles

Cover Story: LPS acts as a strong stimulator of innate or natural immunity in a wide variety of eukaryotic species ranging from insects to humans, including specific effects on the adaptive immune system. The tolerance induced by LPS is a state of reduced immune responsiveness due to persistent and repeated challenges, resulting in decreased expression of pro-inflammatory modulators and up-regulation of antimicrobials and other mediators that promote a reduction in inflammation. The use of LPS may be an important immune adjuvant as demonstrated by the promotion of IDO1 increase when present in the fusion protein complex of CTB-INS, a chimera of the cholera toxin B subunit linked to proinsulin (CTB-INS) that inhibits human monocyte-derived dendritic cell activation, which may act through an IDO1-dependent pathway. View this paper
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Articles (8)

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,879 Views
14 Pages

The Role of T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis: An Update

  • Lazaros I. Sakkas and
  • Dimitrios P. Bogdanos

13 September 2022

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by microvasculopathy, autoantibodies (autoAbs), and fibrosis. The pathogenesis of the disease is incompletely understood. Microvasculopathy and autoAbs appear very early in the disease proce...

  • Review
  • Open Access
33 Citations
22,402 Views
22 Pages

8 September 2022

Long COVID, also referred to as Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC), is probably triggered during SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 Spike-protein binding and hyper-activating the cell-membrane expressed Receptor for Advance Glycat...

  • Perspective
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,823 Views
6 Pages

The “6B” Strategy: Build Back a Better Blood–Brain Barrier

  • Laurent Calvier,
  • Anna E. Alexander and
  • Joachim Herz

2 September 2022

Under pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), leukocytes infiltrate the central nervous system where they, in concert with activated microglia, promote inflammatory demyelination resulting in a broad spectrum of symptoms, including p...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,228 Views
5 Pages

24 August 2022

A civil paternity investigation involving the parents of the deceased alleged father in order to establish a family relationship is presented. On the basis of the 23 autosomal short tandem repeat (aSTR) genotyping results, conclusive proof of paterni...

  • Review
  • Open Access
19 Citations
8,406 Views
19 Pages

Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immunological Tolerance in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

  • Jacques C. Mbongue,
  • Elaine Vanterpool,
  • Anthony Firek and
  • William H. R. Langridge

15 August 2022

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also referred to as endotoxins, are major outer surface membrane components present on almost all Gram-negative bacteria and are major determinants of sepsis-related clinical complications including septic shock....

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,963 Views
13 Pages

Vitamin D Receptor and Its Influence on Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Severity: From Gene Polymorphisms to Protein Expression

  • Cristiana Pistono,
  • Cecilia Osera,
  • Maria Cristina Monti,
  • Chiara Boiocchi,
  • Giulia Mallucci,
  • Mariaclara Cuccia,
  • Cristina Montomoli,
  • Roberto Bergamaschi and
  • Alessia Pascale

27 July 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Low levels of vitamin D are a risk factor for MS and alterations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) might be a risk factor as well. This study aimed to evaluate whether the VDR rs731...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,058 Views
9 Pages

Cervical Cancer Outcome and Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Research Evidence

  • Bruno Horta,
  • Tomé Pereira,
  • Rui Medeiros and
  • Fátima Cerqueira

27 July 2022

Inflammation is a key factor in cancer promotion. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as part of the tumor microenvironment, are often associated with the progression of tumors and a worse prognosis in many cancers, namely on cervical cancer. This w...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,461 Views
17 Pages

Innate Immunity in Calcinosis Cutis

  • Simon W. Jiang,
  • Amy J. Petty and
  • Matilda W. Nicholas

1 July 2022

Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, manifesting as variably shaped papules, nodules, and plaques that can substantially impair quality of life. The pathophysiology of calcinosis cutis involves dysr...

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Immuno - ISSN 2673-5601