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2 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Teen-Hang Meen, Hsi-Hsien Yang and Cheng-Fu Yang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091019 - 26 May 2025

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Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics (IEEE ICACEH 2024) to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been [...] Read more.

In submitting conference proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics (IEEE ICACEH 2024) to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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4 pages, 2042 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface: 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment, and Hydraulics

by Teen-Hang Meen, Hsi-Hsien Yang and Cheng-Fu Yang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091020 - 27 May 2025

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Abstract

This volume presents the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment, and Hydraulics 2024 (ICACEH 2024) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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Other

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6 pages, 2881 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Classifying Aerosol Particle Size Using Polynomial Coefficient of Aerosol Optical Depth–Wavelength Relationship

by Dyi-Huey Chang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091001 - 8 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Aerosols are composed of suspended solid or liquid particles and interact with solar radiation through absorption, refraction, and scattering, influencing climate variability. The Ångström exponent (α) is commonly used to differentiate particle sizes, but its relationship with aerosol optical depth (AOD) and wavelength [...] Read more.

Aerosols are composed of suspended solid or liquid particles and interact with solar radiation through absorption, refraction, and scattering, influencing climate variability. The Ångström exponent (α) is commonly used to differentiate particle sizes, but its relationship with aerosol optical depth (AOD) and wavelength (λ) is non-linear. This relationship is modeled using higher-order polynomial expressions in this study based on the AOD data from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). In the model, polynomial coefficients are used to effectively classify aerosol types, such as dust and biomass-burning aerosols, with a strong correlation among coefficients of the same order. Such a close correlation among the coefficients of the same polynomial order is attributed to a large variability. The coefficients of the same order exhibit a scaled relationship, where scaling factors are expressed as a function of wavelength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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9 pages, 4054 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Semantic Segmentation Using Lightweight DeepLabv3+ for Desiccation Crack Detection in Soil

by Hui Yean Ling, See Hung Lau, Siaw Yah Chong, Min Lee Lee and Yasuo Tanaka

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091002 - 8 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Soil desiccation cracks in natural clayey soil pose significant risks to the stability of civil and geotechnical structures. Traditional methods for detecting these cracks are often inefficient and prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, we applied a deep learning approach of semantic segmentation based on [...] Read more.

Soil desiccation cracks in natural clayey soil pose significant risks to the stability of civil and geotechnical structures. Traditional methods for detecting these cracks are often inefficient and prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, we applied a deep learning approach of semantic segmentation based on DeepLabv3+ to detect desiccation cracks. To enhance computational efficiency, a pretrained lightweight network, MobileNetV2, was employed as the backbone for the DeepLabv3+ model. The model was trained and tested on a dataset of natural clayey soil crack images obtained through laboratory tests. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, F1 score, and intersection over union (IoU) were used to assess the segmentation performance. The model took 17.13 min to train and achieved an inference speed of 0.43 s per image. DeepLabv3+ achieved better performance than the traditional segmentation method, with a precision of 95.76%, a recall of 84.12%, an F1 score of 89.56%, and an IoU of 81.10%. The model also demonstrated the capability to handle images with shading conditions and the presence of spots. DeepLabv3+ with MobileNetV2 as a backbone network was proven to be effective and efficient as a backbone in soil desiccation crack detection and segmentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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10 pages, 4383 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Landscape Aesthetics of Check Dams Based on Scenic Beauty Estimation Method and Artificial Intelligence Technology

by Hong-Ming Weng, Szu-Hsien Peng, Chun-Yi Wu and Min-Chih Liang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091003 - 9 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Check dams play a pivotal role in soil and water conservation engineering as they mitigate debris flow and decelerate the slope of the river channel by intercepting sediments, thereby preventing disasters. However, as ecological conservation and landscape integration have become significant, functions, safety, [...] Read more.

Check dams play a pivotal role in soil and water conservation engineering as they mitigate debris flow and decelerate the slope of the river channel by intercepting sediments, thereby preventing disasters. However, as ecological conservation and landscape integration have become significant, functions, safety, harmony, and aesthetics with the surroundings must be considered in the design of check dams. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted based on scenic beauty estimation (SBE) and image segmentation using artificial intelligence to evaluate the landscape quality of soil and water conservation projects. Data were collected from the photos which were segmented into vegetation, structure, sky, land, and water. The proportion of each segment was calculated to explore the relationship with the scenic beauty of the landscapes. Regions with prevalent vegetation and water received favorable evaluations, whereas areas with a higher proportion of land were less preferred. Even when vegetation was present in high quantities, an unorganized arrangement was less desirable. Identified key factors influencing the scenic beauty of the landscape can be considered in the design of soil and water conservation engineering projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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8 pages, 3611 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhanced Performance of Wastewater Membrane Bioreactor Using Machine Learning Model’s Prediction and Optimization

by Jia-Chi Jiang, Nien-Hsun Li, Mo Chen, Kuan-Chung Chen and Chih-Hua Chang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091004 - 10 Apr 2025

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Abstract

This study aimed to enhance wastewater treatment at the Yongkang Water Resource Recovery Center by integrating mechanistic modeling results into machine learning (ML). We combined IoT sensor data from treatment processes with the mechanistic modeling results to develop a hybrid model using ML [...] Read more.

This study aimed to enhance wastewater treatment at the Yongkang Water Resource Recovery Center by integrating mechanistic modeling results into machine learning (ML). We combined IoT sensor data from treatment processes with the mechanistic modeling results to develop a hybrid model using ML methods for predicting effluent quality, specifically focusing on chemical oxygen demand. The developed hybrid model offers advantages in the evaluation of the Theil inequality coefficient, mean absolute error, and coefficient of variation and addresses the convergence issues encountered in ML models with IoT sensor data. Guidance provided by the model mitigates the challenges associated with poor-quality IoT data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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8 pages, 868 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Proportion of Fly Ash in Producing Roller-Compacted Concrete

by How-Ji Chen, Ming-Gin Lee and Shang-Fei Chuo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091005 - 10 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is designed with consideration for construction machinery capabilities, offering benefits such as rapid construction and cost-efficiency. Therefore, RCC is appropriate for large-scale concrete projects such as gravity dams. Due to its lower cement content and heat of hydration, RCC also [...] Read more.

Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is designed with consideration for construction machinery capabilities, offering benefits such as rapid construction and cost-efficiency. Therefore, RCC is appropriate for large-scale concrete projects such as gravity dams. Due to its lower cement content and heat of hydration, RCC also saves energy. In this study, the compressive strength properties and mixing ratio of RCC were investigated through experiments and the results were compared with those of traditional concrete (ordinary Portland cement, OPC). In the same water–cement ratio, RCC uses less binder but achieves a higher compressive strength than OPC. Furthermore, for a strength of 210 kg/cm² at 28 days, water–binder ratios of 0.5 and 0.6 with 50 and 30% fly ash replacement rates were experimented with. The two ratios showed similar performance and economic advantages with the RCC cement content ranging from 80 to 150 kg/m³. RCC with fly ash is a cost-effective and efficient solution for large-scale projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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8 pages, 1298 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring Miscommunications in the Construction Industry Through Experiments

by Shreya Koirala, Endong Wang, Aidan Ackerman and Seyeon Lee

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091006 - 11 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Through a formal experiment, this study aims to identify miscommunication scenarios, quantify miscommunication levels, and analyze potential factors influencing communication in the construction industry with a focus on the communications between owners and designers. The study entails a five-step process: literature review, experiment [...] Read more.

Through a formal experiment, this study aims to identify miscommunication scenarios, quantify miscommunication levels, and analyze potential factors influencing communication in the construction industry with a focus on the communications between owners and designers. The study entails a five-step process: literature review, experiment design, questionnaire formulation, experiment execution, and post-experiment survey. Data analysis indicates that the owners and designers interpreted the communication processes and contents differently, with the presence of communication barriers leading to misunderstandings, errors, and misinterpretation of the design ideas. The utmost need is identified for improved communication strategies within design and construction projects to minimize miscommunications and support project success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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8 pages, 1010 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Transfer Reinforcement Learning-Based Power Control for Anti-Jamming in Underwater Acoustic Communication Networks

by Liejun Yang, Yi Chen and Hui Wang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091007 - 9 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Underwater acoustic communication networks (UACNs) play a critical role in ocean environmental monitoring, maritime rescue, and military applications. However, they are highly susceptible to performance degradation due to narrow bandwidths, long propagation delays, and severe multipath effects, especially adversarial jamming attacks. Traditional anti-jamming [...] Read more.

Underwater acoustic communication networks (UACNs) play a critical role in ocean environmental monitoring, maritime rescue, and military applications. However, they are highly susceptible to performance degradation due to narrow bandwidths, long propagation delays, and severe multipath effects, especially adversarial jamming attacks. Traditional anti-jamming techniques struggle to adapt to the dynamic nature of underwater acoustic channels effectively. To address this issue, an anti-jamming power control and relay optimization method was developed based on transfer reinforcement learning. By introducing relay nodes, the reliability of jammed communication links is enhanced. Transfer learning was used to initialize Q-values and strategy distributions and accelerate the convergence of reinforcement learning in the underwater communication environment, thereby mitigating the inefficiency of random exploration in the early stages. The proposed method optimizes the transmission power and relay selection to improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and reduce the bit error rate (BER). Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method significantly enhanced the anti-jamming performance and communication efficiency of underwater acoustic communication even in complex interference scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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8 pages, 11965 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Points of Interest in Hsinchu Old City Blocks Using Space Syntax

by Shaofu Li

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091008 - 10 Apr 2025

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Abstract

This study aims to explore how historical attractions in old urban areas effectively contribute to tourism development. In particular, the accessibility and convenience of transport are analyzed using Spatial Syntax. Previous collaborative projects with local community colleges were assessed to obtain recognized spatial [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore how historical attractions in old urban areas effectively contribute to tourism development. In particular, the accessibility and convenience of transport are analyzed using Spatial Syntax. Previous collaborative projects with local community colleges were assessed to obtain recognized spatial boundaries of old districts. The historic buildings and their points of interest were determined by the Hsinchu City Council. Modern cities’ grid patterns and straight roads connect various scenic spots. Using the spots, spatial syntactic analyses were conducted in this study. The impact of spatial features on the assessment was found indirect and dependent on the road network of the Old Town. A social responsibility program was also developed to investigate the rise and fall of cities in the development process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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10 pages, 1153 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Benefits of Urban Parks in Different Land Uses

by Wei-Ting Chen and Sheng-Jung Ou

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091009 - 16 Apr 2025

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Abstract

With continuous urbanization, cities are facing numerous challenges. In addition, the construction and effective management of urban green spaces have become essential for the sustainable development of healthy cities. In previous studies, algorithms were developed to select appropriate locations for parks with distinctive [...] Read more.

With continuous urbanization, cities are facing numerous challenges. In addition, the construction and effective management of urban green spaces have become essential for the sustainable development of healthy cities. In previous studies, algorithms were developed to select appropriate locations for parks with distinctive green patches. Although the suitability of urban parks has been discussed from various perspectives, the location and land use around parks have been rarely considered. Therefore, the benefits and importance of parks across various land uses were assessed in this study. Based on the assessment results, improvement strategies for future park planning and development were proposed. By highlighting and integrating the benefits of different parks, urban green spaces can be expanded to deliver diverse benefits and contribute to healthy and sustainable development. We compiled 35 items in four major types of park benefits from a literature review. Using the Delphi method, 24 important benefits of parks were identified. An importance–performance analysis (IPA) was then conducted to create matrix diagrams for parks in different land use zones to understand the key benefits and identify areas that require priority improvement. The IPA results indicated that parks in residential and industrial areas need to improve ecological benefits and environmental functions for sustainable development. Parks in districts have greening and visual appeal but need improvement in environmental education. There are excessive facilities for passive activities in parks, suggesting a need for resource optimization. The results of this study help urban planners find region-specific design solutions for different land uses and effectively manage and optimize resource allocation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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10 pages, 1294 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Resource Allocation in an Underwater Communication Network: The Stackelberg Game Power Control Method Based on a Non-Uniform Pricing Mechanism

by Xiangjie Luo and Hui Wang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091010 - 17 Apr 2025

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Abstract

In the following study, power allocation in underwater cooperative communication systems was investigated using game theory. To balance the energy consumption of nodes, extend their lifespan, and improve communication quality, a Stackelberg power control algorithm based on a non-uniform pricing mechanism was proposed. [...] Read more.

In the following study, power allocation in underwater cooperative communication systems was investigated using game theory. To balance the energy consumption of nodes, extend their lifespan, and improve communication quality, a Stackelberg power control algorithm based on a non-uniform pricing mechanism was proposed. The interaction model between the transmitting and relay nodes was constructed as a two-layer Stackelberg game, which consisted of leaders and followers. The transmitting node acts as the leader, with its objective function comprising its transmission cost and the purchasing transmission power cost of the relay nodes. The relay nodes act as followers, with their objective function comprising revenue from selling power and their transmission cost. In addition, the remaining energy is incorporated into the objective function to balance the energy consumption of the nodes. Our simulation results indicate that, compared with algorithms that do not consider remaining energy, this algorithm improves the communication quality of the cooperative system and extends the network’s lifetime. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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6 pages, 691 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Conceptual Fire Risk Management Framework of Building Information Modeling and Fire Dynamic Simulator

by Chung Sum Leong, See Hung Lau and How Hui Liew

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091011 - 18 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Fires in buildings result in the undesirable loss of life and property. Despite fire safety designs, the frequent occurrence of fires indicates a need for improvements in fire safety management. Conventional fire safety management is based on regulations managed separately by different parties [...] Read more.

Fires in buildings result in the undesirable loss of life and property. Despite fire safety designs, the frequent occurrence of fires indicates a need for improvements in fire safety management. Conventional fire safety management is based on regulations managed separately by different parties at various stages of a building’s lifecycle. This study aims to present a conceptual framework for building information modeling (BIM)-based fire safety and risk management using the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) for a three-story building. A BIM model was developed for the building with fire safety compliance checks, and a simulation was conducted using FDS to integrate the results into the BIM model and test the model’s feasibility. The framework process consists of modeling, analysis, data integration, and user education. The BIM model was developed using Revit during the modeling stage and evaluated for fire safety compliance using Dynamo scripts. Concurrently, FDS simulations were performed for fire risk assessment in various scenarios, and evacuation route planning was established, considering the available evacuation time obtained from FDS results. Fire safety information, such as available evacuation time and optimal evacuation paths, was then integrated back into the BIM model for data integration using Dynamo scripts. In the model, fire safety compliance and simulation results were successfully integrated into the BIM model, serving as a platform for effective fire safety and risk management and providing fire safety information for building residents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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10 pages, 2109 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Immobilization of Heavy Metals Using Biochar and Manganese Dioxide for Preventing Pollution

by Shui-Wen Chang Chien and Pei-Qi Lu

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091012 - 21 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Using biochar/δ-MnO₂ as an adsorbent, heavy metals in soil were immobilized to prevent further pollution. When biochar/δ-MnO₂ was thoroughly mixed with contaminated soil in a ratio of 2:8, the residual fractions of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn increased by 9.78, 39.0, [...] Read more.

Using biochar/δ-MnO₂ as an adsorbent, heavy metals in soil were immobilized to prevent further pollution. When biochar/δ-MnO₂ was thoroughly mixed with contaminated soil in a ratio of 2:8, the residual fractions of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn increased by 9.78, 39.0, 61.6, and 15.7%. The addition of biochar/δ-MnO₂ significantly immobilized Cu and Pb. Since biochar/δ-MnO₂ fixed As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil, soil contamination was prevented effectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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8 pages, 1424 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Remediation of Copper- and Zinc-Contaminated Farmland

by Chang-Chao Chen, Pei-Cheng Cheng, Chin-Yuan Huang, Min-Siou Lin and Shu-Fen Cheng

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091013 - 21 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Copper and zinc are metals commonly used in industry. However, improperly disposed copper and zinc pollute soil seriously. In farmland where the concentrations of copper and zinc exceeded regulatory standards and farming has been banned for many years, we measured the copper and [...] Read more.

Copper and zinc are metals commonly used in industry. However, improperly disposed copper and zinc pollute soil seriously. In farmland where the concentrations of copper and zinc exceeded regulatory standards and farming has been banned for many years, we measured the copper and zinc concentrations in soil. The copper concentration ranged from 30.2 to 1082.3 mg/kg, while the zinc concentration was between 200.2 and 3335.3 mg/kg. To explore the correlation between the concentration of copper and zinc in soil and plants and plant growth, Pennisetum was chosen as the test crop. The economic and carbon reduction benefits of planting Pennisetum in copper- and zinc-polluted farmland were also investigated. The results indicated that the concentration levels of copper and zinc were not significantly impacted, and neither was the growth of Pennisetum. Farming Pennisetum produces a total of about 1100 tons of biomass per hectare per year. The income per hectare was about USD 48,000 per year. Pennisetum captures 578.8 tons of carbon every year, equivalent to 2124.2 ton-CO₂e. When used as fuel, it provides 23,649 GJ of bioenergy. Therefore, Pennisetum is an appropriate plant for the green and sustainable remediation of polluted soil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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10 pages, 183 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design Factors of Water Mist in the Mystery of Landscapes

by Wu-Po-Cheng Lee and Sheng-Jung Ou

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091014 - 22 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Water mist enhances the sense of mystery with visual and sensory effects, depending on its atmospheric creation and varying mist heights. Key factors influencing this mystery are the combination of mist with plants, increased air humidity, and sound effects. We identified important elements [...] Read more.

Water mist enhances the sense of mystery with visual and sensory effects, depending on its atmospheric creation and varying mist heights. Key factors influencing this mystery are the combination of mist with plants, increased air humidity, and sound effects. We identified important elements in the landscape at different times of day: in the morning, plant combinations and terrain; during the day, humidity and obscuring effects; in the evening, imaginative space; and at night, mist with plants. It is necessary to enhance visual effects and terrain variation in mist design to offer guidelines for future exploration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

11 pages, 1570 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Identify Subtle Fall Hazards Using Transfer Learning

by Wen-Ta Hsiao, Wen-Der Yu, Chi-Yung Tang and Alexey Bulgakov

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091015 - 22 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Computer vision is increasingly used for fall safety monitoring, but it struggles in subtle hazard scenarios, causing delays in hazard detection. Therefore, this issue was addressed in this study using transfer learning on pre-trained models that were fine-tuned with target datasets to enhance [...] Read more.

Computer vision is increasingly used for fall safety monitoring, but it struggles in subtle hazard scenarios, causing delays in hazard detection. Therefore, this issue was addressed in this study using transfer learning on pre-trained models that were fine-tuned with target datasets to enhance accuracy. We tested two scenarios—“scaffolding transverse brace installation” and “correct safety lifeline hook-up”—with MobileNet v2, GoogleNet, Inception v3, and ResNet-50. GoogleNet achieved an accuracy of 95.2% in brace installation recognition, while MobileNet v2 and Inception v3 achieved an accuracy of 96% for lifeline hook-up recognition, demonstrating excellent capability in complex hazard detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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11 pages, 4036 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Application of an Energy Management System Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

by Hongye Lin, Xuanying Bai, Chun Li, Shenghan Xu, Haibin Xu, Zne-Jung Lee, Yun Lin, Qunshan Zhou and Jingxun Cai

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091016 - 22 Apr 2025

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Abstract

In response to the increasingly severe energy consumption problem and to promote energy saving and emission reduction, this study aims to design and apply an energy management system platform based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The system adopts sensor technology and data acquisition [...] Read more.

In response to the increasingly severe energy consumption problem and to promote energy saving and emission reduction, this study aims to design and apply an energy management system platform based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The system adopts sensor technology and data acquisition equipment to monitor various types of energy consumption in buildings in real time, efficiently process and predict these data through machine learning algorithms, and finally visualize the results. The system is functionally complete, completing the process from data collection to visualization, the cloud platform’s construction, and finally a full energy management platform. Various machine learning methods are applied to energy management by predicting the chilled water energy meter return temperature of the central air-conditioning system and comparing its performance. Among the various types of regression algorithms, the mean-square error (MSE) of decision tree regression is 0.36, the MSE of support vector regression (SVR) is 0.09, the MSE of K-nearest neighbor (KNN) regression is 0.57, and the MSE of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) regression is 0.32. The SVR, the XGBoost regression, and the decision tree regression perform better in various indices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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13 pages, 3489 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Planning and Strategies for Expansion of Irrigation Services in Mountainous Areas: A Case Study of Nantou County in Taiwan

by Feng-Wen Chen, Yun-Wei Tan, Hsiu-Te Lin, Yu-Chien Cho, Ya-Ting Chang and Li-Chi Chiang

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091017 - 8 May 2025

Viewed by 184

Abstract

More than half of the cultivated land belongs to the Irrigation Association. Therefore, there have been no farmland consolidation, irrigation, and drainage projects. The cultivation in the non-irrigation area suffers from poor geographical conditions and a lack of water sources. A practical planning [...] Read more.

More than half of the cultivated land belongs to the Irrigation Association. Therefore, there have been no farmland consolidation, irrigation, and drainage projects. The cultivation in the non-irrigation area suffers from poor geographical conditions and a lack of water sources. A practical planning strategy is required for expanding irrigation services. The mountainous area of Nantou County, Taiwan, has 7477 ha of available land and 4656 ha of agricultural land outside the irrigation area. Rain and streams are the main water source. There are 82 ponds, 80% of which belong to the loam soil, and the rainfall from October to February is limited. The water requirement of crops is 1.5–3.1 mm/day. Wild streams, groundwater, and rainwater are the only potential water sources due to elevation and terrain. The potential runoff is estimated to be 0–0.927 cms (m³/s) when using the SCS-CN method. Water supply and demand from October to April are limited, and the rainfall comprises 22% of the total water supply. Large reservoirs and water storage towers are required for flooding and in dry seasons. To address water storage challenges and stabilize the balance between water supply and demand, it is essential to construct additional ponds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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16 pages, 612 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Factors and Method of Preventing Construction Site Incidents

by Ameir Mohamed Medani, Ismail Bin Abdul Rahman and Nor Aziati Binti Abdul Hamid

Eng. Proc. 2025, 91(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025091018 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 127

Abstract

Construction accidents cause property damage and harm the environment. The construction industry in the UAE has recorded high fatalities and injuries. However, there has been limited research to prevent accidents on construction sites. Hence, this study aims to uncover the factors causing accidents [...] Read more.

Construction accidents cause property damage and harm the environment. The construction industry in the UAE has recorded high fatalities and injuries. However, there has been limited research to prevent accidents on construction sites. Hence, this study aims to uncover the factors causing accidents and prevention measures. All the factors and prevention measures were identified through a literature review and verified in a questionnaire survey. A total of 50 incident causative factors were identified in two groups, and direct and underlying causes and six main preventive measures were determined. The questionnaire survey involved 30 experts who had 10 years of working experience in the UAE construction industry. The experts assessed each of the causative factors and the preventative measures based on a 5-point Likert scale. Reliability was tested on the collected data using Cronbach’s alpha value, and the value was 0.977. The most severe relevant factors of direct causes included violation, taking shortcuts, inadequate leadership/supervision, and human errors. The probability and severity were moderate, and the hazardous activities included unsafe working at height and unsafe lifting. This study shows that workers with experience from 1 to 5 years were engaged in the most accidents. In total, 26 preventive measures were determined. The results benefit the construction industry of the UAE in preventing or avoiding potential accidents at construction sites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Architecture, Construction, Environment and Hydraulics)

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