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  • Proceeding Paper
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11 November 2025

Cascade Sulfa-Michael/Aldol Reaction of (Het)Arylmethylidenefuran-2(3H)-Ones with 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-Diol †

,
and
Institute of Chemistry, N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, 410012 Saratov, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 29th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 14–28 November 2025; Available online: https://sciforum.net/event/ecsoc-29.
Chem. Proc.2025, 18(1), 80;https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-29-26707
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Abstract

A series of hybrid heterocyclic spiro compounds containing a tetrahydrothiophene moiety were prepared by the cascade sulfa-Michael/aldol reaction of (E)-3-[(2-oxo-5-arylfuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]-4H-chromen-4-ones with 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol under mild conditions. The composition and structure of 3-(3-aryl-9-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and complex NMR spectroscopy.

1. Introduction

Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the construction of polyheterocyclic derivatives of spirotetrahydrothiophene. This is due to the fact that tetrahydrothiophenes are unique sulfur-containing heterocycles that attract particular attention due to their special place as building blocks in natural compounds, pharmaceutical agents, and materials [1,2]. The simplest, most effective and classical method for obtaining systems with this structural fragment is the cascade sulfur-Michael/aldol reaction between a sulfur-containing bisnucleophilic reagent, 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol, and electron-deficient alkenes [3].
Thus, in this work, the possibility of modifying (E)-3-[(2-oxo-5-arylfuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]-4H-chromen-4-ones with 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol at the exocyclic multiple C=C bond with the formation of new spiro compounds with one spiro unit, including a tetrahydrothiophene fragment, was studied.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Physical Measurements

Elemental analysis was done on an Elementar Vario MICRO cube CHNS analyzer (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The FTIR spectrum was recorded using an FSM-1201 spectrometer with a KBr with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1 pellet (wavenumber range of 4000–400 cm−1).
1H NMR (400 MHz), 13C NMR (100 MHz), as well as 1H-13C heteronuclear correlation HSQC and HMBC spectra were recorded on a Varian (Agilent) 400 spectrometer at 20–25 °C, with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard. TLC analysis was conducted on Alugram® Sil G UV-254 plates, eluent—acetone: ethyl acetate: hexane (1:1:3); developer—UV radiation. Melting points were measured on a Stuart™ SMP10 (Cole-Parmer, Beacon Road, Stone, Staffordshire, ST15 OSA, United Kingdom) melting point apparatus in open capillaries.

2.2. Synthesis and Characterization of Compounds 3a–d

A suspension containing 1.5 mmol of 1,4-dithiane-2.5-diol (2) and 2 mmol of the corresponding (E)-3-[(2-oxo-5-arylfuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]-4H-chromen-4-one (1a–d) in 20 mL of acetonitrile was stirred at room temperature for 9 to 12 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue was washed with EtOAc/hexane (1:1) and dried.
  • 3-(9- Hydroxy-1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3a)
Light yellow crystals, yield 0.41 g (69%), mp 191–192 °C; FTIR (KBr) ν, cm−1: 3493 (OH), 1781 (O–C=O), 1637 (C=O), 1608 (C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 3.16 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 3.29 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.76 (dt, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H, CH–OH), 5.10 (s, 1H, CH–S), 5.19 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H, OH), 6.12 (s, 1H, C–HFuranone), 7.32–7.43 (m, 4H, Ar–H), 7.50–7.59 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 7.73 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.55 (s, 1H, C–HChromone); 13C NMR (100 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 34.9 (CH2), 43.6 (CH–S), 64.5, 81.7 (CH–OH), 100.3 (C–HFuranone), 118.1, 121.6, 122.9, 124.8, 125.4, 125.5, 128.5, 128.6, 129.6, 134.0, 153.3, 155.7, 156.1, 156.8, 157.9 (C–HChromone), 175.9 (C=O), 176.8 (O–C=O). Anal. Calcd. for C22H16O5S: C: 67.33%; H: 4.11%; S: 8.17%; Found: C: 67.47%; H: 4.24%; S: 8.03%.
  • 3-(9- Hydroxy-1-oxo-3-(p-tolyl)-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3b)
Light yellow crystals, yield 0.40 g (67%), mp 202–203 °C; FTIR (KBr) ν, cm−1: 3481 (OH), 1769 (O–C=O), 1644 (C=O), 1612 (C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 2.37 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.18 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 3.33 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.71 (dt, J = 10.8 Hz, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H, CH–OH), 5.11 (s, 1H, CH–S), 5.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, OH), 6.15 (s, 1H, C–HFuranone), 7.31–7.45 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 7.54–7.58 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 7.74 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.59 (s, 1H, C–HChromone); 13C NMR (100 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 21.5 (CH3), 34.9 (CH2), 43.5 (CH–S), 64.6, 81.5 (CH–OH), 100.3 (C–HFuranone), 118.2, 121.4, 122.9, 124.9, 124.9, 125.9, 127.9, 128.4, 129.3, 134.1, 153.7, 155.6, 156.3, 156.8, 157.9 (C–HChromone), 175.8 (C=O), 176.8 (O–C=O). Anal. Calcd. for C23H18O5S: C: 67.97%; H: 4.46%; S: 7.89%; Found: C: 67.82%; H: 4.59%; S: 7.70%.
  • 3-(3-(4- Chlorophenyl)-9-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3c)
Light yellow crystals, yield 0.44 g (68%), mp 225–226 °C; FTIR (KBr) ν, cm−1: 3489 (OH), 1785 (O–C=O), 1647 (C=O), 1601 (C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 3.15 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 3.29 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.80 (dt, J = 10.7 Hz, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H, CH–OH), 5.12 (s, 1H, CH–S), 5.21 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H, OH), 6.15 (s, 1H, C–HFuranone), 7.34–7.46 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 7.52–7.63 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 7.75 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.10 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.57 (s, 1H, C–HChromone); 13C NMR (100 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 34.9 (CH2), 43.7 (CH–S), 64.6, 81.8 (CH–OH), 100.3 (C–HFuranone), 118.4, 121.5, 123.1, 124.7, 125.4, 125.7, 128.4, 128.7, 129.3, 134.2, 153.2, 155.9, 156.2, 156.9, 158.0 (C–HChromone), 175.9 (C=O), 176.9 (O–C=O). Anal. Calcd. for C22H15ClO5S: C: 61.90%; H: 3.54%; S: 7.51%; Cl: 8.31%; Found: C: 61.85%; H: 3.28%; S: 7.60%; Cl: 8.42%.
  • 3-(9- Hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3d)
Light yellow crystals, yield 0.40 g (64%), mp 184–185 °C; FTIR (KBr) ν, cm−1: 3470 (OH), 1742 (O–C=O), 1631 (C=O), 1614 (C=C); 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 3.88 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.14 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 3.40 (dd, J = 10.5 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H, CH2), 4.84 (dt, J = 10.8 Hz, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H, CH–OH), 5.09 (s, 1H, CH–S), 5.23 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, OH), 6.19 (s, 1H, C–HFuranone), 7.29–7.46 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 7.57–7.64 (m, 3H, Ar–H), 7.77 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 8.57 (s, 1H, C–HChromone); 13C NMR (100 MHz, acetone-d6): δ 34.8 (CH2), 43.7 (CH–S), 55.5 (OCH3), 64.6, 81.4 (CH–OH), 100.4 (C–HFuranone), 118.4, 121.2, 122.8, 124.9, 125.1, 125.8, 128.1, 128.5, 129.5, 134.2, 153.6, 155.8, 156.6, 156.9, 157.9 (C–HChromone), 175.9 (C=O), 176.7 (O–C=O). Anal. Calcd. for C23H18O6S: C: 65.39%; H: 4.29%; S: 7.59%; Found: C: 65.48%; H: 4.15%; S: 7.70%.

3. Results and Discussion

Continuing our work on the synthesis of hybrid heterocyclic systems [4,5], in this work we report the preparation of 3-(3-aryl-9-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones (3a–d) via a cascade sulfa-Michael/aldol reaction of (E)-3-[(2-oxo-5-arylfuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]-4H-chromen-4-ones (1a–d) with 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol (2) (Scheme 1). It was found that the most optimal reaction conditions were the use of an aprotic polar solvent, acetonitrile, and the absence of any catalysts. Under these conditions, the reaction proceeded at room temperature and yielded spiro compounds in 64–69% yield.
Scheme 1. Synthesis of hybrid spiro compounds—3-(3-aryl-9-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones.
The process under study is a cascade reaction that occurs in two stages. The first stage involves the thio-Michael addition of 2-mercaptoacetaldehyde (generated in situ from 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol) to substrates 1a–d, resulting in the formation of intermediates 4. Subsequent intramolecular condensation of these intermediates leads to the construction of a five-membered tetrahydrothiophene framework and the formation of spiro compounds 3a–d (Scheme 2).
Scheme 2. Probable scheme for the formation of hybrid spiro compounds 3a–d.
The structure of new spiro compounds 3a–d was established based on 1H, 13C, HSQC, and HMBC NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectra of spiro compounds 3a–d, recorded in acetone-d6, contain key signals of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The signal of the 5′-CH proton appears as a singlet at 5.09–5.12 ppm. Diastereotopic protons at 2′-CH2 resonate at 3.14–3.18 and 3.29–3.40 ppm, respectively. The doublet of triplets at 4.71–4.84 ppm corresponds to the 3′-CH proton. The hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group in this case gives a doublet at 5.17–5.23 ppm.
The two-dimensional 1H-13C HMBC correlation spectra of products 3a–d contain cross peaks indicating a correlation between the 5′-CH proton of the tetrahydrothiophene ring and the carbon atoms at the carbonyl groups of the furan-2-one and chromen-4-one fragments, respectively. In addition, the two-dimensional spectra contain cross peaks showing the correlation interaction of the 5′-CH proton with the C-2 carbon atom of the chromen-4-one fragment; this proton also correlates with the quaternary (nodal) carbon atom 4′-C. In the 1H-13C HMBC spectra of spiro compounds 3a–d, correlation signals are observed that are responsible for the interaction of the 2′-CH2 protons, the hydroxyl group proton, and the 4′-C nodal carbon atom in the tetrahydrothiophene ring (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Key correlation interactions in 1H-13C HMBC spectra of 3-(3-aryl-9-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones.

4. Conclusions

A method for modification of (E)-3-[(2-oxo-5-arylfuran-3(2H)-ylidene)methyl]-4H-chromen-4-ones using 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol was found. This method opens up possibilities for targeted synthesis of hybrid spiro compounds containing a tetrahydrothiophene fragment—3-(3-aryl-9-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-oxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones. The structure of the obtained hybrid spiro compounds was established using IR and NMR spectroscopy (including two-dimensional correlation experiments HSQC, HMBC).

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, E.M.A. and O.A.M.; methodology, E.M.A.; software, E.M.A.; validation, E.M.A. and O.A.M.; formal analysis, E.M.A.; investigation, E.M.A.; resources, O.A.M.; data curation, E.M.A.; writing—original draft preparation, E.M.A.; writing—review and editing, E.M.A.; visualization, E.M.A. and O.A.M.; supervision, A.Y.Y.; project administration, A.Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Data are contained within the article.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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